Fuel cell vehicles (FCV) using hydrogen have been researched and developed recently. In the case of a fire accident involving an FCV, a hydrogen jet flame is generated instantaneously. It is necessary to evaluate the thermal effect of the hydrogen jet flame on the human body surface. In this study, a one-dimensional burn injury simulation model with a 3 layers of skin model is considered to evaluate burn damage. The hyperbolic governing equation of bioheat transfer omitting blood, metabolic and external heat source effects is applied to predict the temperature profile in the tissue. The Arrhenius type damage equation is used to evaluate burn damage. Thermal properties of human skin stated in ISO13506 are used as a standard value. The simulation model is verified assuming a case of receiving a large amount of heat in a short time. From a safety point of view it is found that small thermal relaxation/lag time is suitable.

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Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is widely used when rapid and sensitive detection for a wide range of elements of airborne particles is required in many situations. However, when conventional ICP-MS equipped with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (ICP-QMS) was used for a detailed study on the signal fine structure with scanning-based mass spectrometers, simultaneous multi-element measurements could not be applied. In order to further improve time resolution of the ICP-QMS and to extend its capabilities to determine single particle information, ICP-MS equipped with the Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (ICP-TOFMS) was developed recently. This study presents the application of real-time measurements for elements in particles using ICP-TOFMS. This technique is demonstrated to detect phosphorus, sulfur, and halogen elements, such as engine oil additive elements.

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[in Japanese]

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