Sit-skiing (sit-ski) is for people with impaired lower limbs. However, there are few studies investigating turns in alpine sit-ski. We aimed to clarify how sit-ski turns are controlled by outrigger and upper body movements against two turn widths (narrow and wide). A skilled senior male sit-skier tried a course with cones on the fall-line. The turn trial analysed motion in two dimensions. Simultaneously, upper limb muscle activities and the centre of sitting pressure in the X-direction (COPx) were analysed. Body inclination angle (IA) and stretch-out angle (SA) of the inside outrigger increased depending on the turn width. COPx in narrow turns was displaced toward the turn side, and COPx displacement in wide turns was small. This suggests that edging was controlled by IA and SA during sit-ski turns.Furthermore, edging was most likely controlled by an inward inclination of the upper body, especially in narrow turns with fast switching.

In this study, one of the Paralympic education programs involved practicing boccia in elementary school physical education. Boccia developed teaching materials from the perspective of adaptive physical education, and he was very particular about setting up venues. A coat is made narrow and easy to throw, and a ball is made such that it is byoneself to make it inexpensive and easily available. Consequently, the value of physical education materials, including positive responses from children and parents or guardians, were clarified, and the Paralympic education that utilized boccia led to the development of the qualities and abilities required to work in a diverse society.

The effects of light touch and foot stance on postural control by typically developing children were investigated. Reportedly, typical adults will decrease body sway using sensory information obtained from light touch for stable objects, i.e., the light touch effect. Thirty-five children aged 7-12 years participated in this study. Results indicated thefollowing: Body sway of children was decreased when using a light touch. Moreover, light touch effects differed according to the foot stance of each age. Based on these results, developments of postural control of children were discussed, especially by focusing on the role of attentional control.

Exercising or playing sports is considered to be a challenge for children with profound and multiple disabilities (hereafter referred to as children), who require medical care procedures such as suction and injection. This study examined whether the adapted sports practice called "Hanamaru Kids", which was conducted regularly by the first author of this study, was effective for children and the volunteer supporters. The results of the survey indicated that, besides offering a place where children can participate with pleasure, the practice also helped them acquire the ability to express intentions and emotions, maintain physical strength and posture, and improve sleep quality. On the other hand, for the volunteer supporters, it was a training place where they could learn supportive methods and build relationships with the children. Additionally, the practice led to an increase in children's activities and those who support them. It also helped parents by way of sharing activities with them, and therefore, emphasized on the importance of a symbiotic relationship that supports the local community. In conclusion, the practice of "Hanamaru Kids" proved to be effective and useful for both the children and the volunteer supporters.