-
Article type: Cover
2011 Volume 53 Pages
Cover1-
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 53 Pages
App1-
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
iii-iv
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Index
2011 Volume 53 Pages
v-viii
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 53 Pages
App2-
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Shigeru AMAGASA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
2-12
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
This paper is to clarify a distinctive feature about the current policy of academic ability in Japan, and to point out some problems on educational administration. The main points were as follows. First, the policy of academic ability in Japan is affected by OECD Programme for International Student Assessment. The basic character of 2008 courses of study is a curriculum based key competencies. The keynote of revision of courses of study change from "confrontation" to "regulation". Regulation of interests are constituted by many stakeholders on the strength of an idea and a sketch PISA. Second, the policy of academic ability is constructed by revise of courses of study and an achievement text. As to an achievement text, development of "B-test" realized to understand an academic attainments which the government required. Under a change of government, a task of an achievement text is how to insure a political neutrality. Third, it is necessary to act in cooperation with policy and management, namely, constructing in unison with policy making in the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and practice in schools. Forth, lately revision of courses of study avoided reorganization of subjects. Accordingly, each subjects insist on their position themselves, there are fears to become unbalanced subjects and curriculum. If these trends of subject's self-assertion will make clear, new curriculum will be forced to change in quality. Therefore, it is important matter to consider the relationship each subjects. Fifth, as the other tasks, there are to make a position of parents and regional residents clear, and to conformity system of teacher training・adoption・in service education with the policy of academic.
View full abstract
-
Kimiyo HIRAI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
13-23
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Educational Administration Researchers have been kept negative attitude toward Academic Ability (Gakuryoku) policy and discourses. Why have they been so negative? The reason was varied time by time. In the 1950s, the disparities of academic achievement among schools were widely recognized as a problem to be overcome, but they had never been considered as the effect of school management. Resercher's believed that those disparities came from the differences of regional financial power. In the 1970s, the debate on the academic achievement disparities was to be taken up again accompanied by overheating competitive examination. Although regional financial disparities had seemingly been resolved by that time, almost all the researchers avoided to link 'Gakuryoku' to the effect of school administration. They didn't regard measurable 'Gakuryoku' as a 'true' evidence of achievement but only as a tool for the entrance examination. In Recent years, especially in the 2000's, another trend of 'Gakuryoku' has been emerging in and out of Japan. The trend is called as high-stakes accountability policy, which means introducing the high-stakes test-based accountability system into all areas of education. And there seems again less positive attitude in our field, because of the similar reasons in 1950's and 1970's. If we avoid exploring school effectiveness for test score, we won't be able to meet public expectations. But if we do so, it'll means pandering that kind of policy. We faces the dilemma again. In the last section of this paper, I'll prepare some modest solution for this 'Aporia'.
View full abstract
-
Shinjiro KOZUMA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
24-35
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Now in England, The White Paper "The Importance of Teaching" sets out a radical reform programme for the schools system (2010.11.24). On the basis of this movement, the purpose of this paper is to examine that how the policies which intended to aspire to raise standards of children have affected educational administration in England. Above all, this paper focuses on some recent actions taken by Coventry LA and some schools after the introduction of National Curriculum (NC) and Standard Achievement Tests (SATs). This paper shows that how LA has supported schools in order to raise standards, and how schools have struggled for raising academic achievement of children. Generally speaking, the introduction of NC and SATs had much impact on school education because standards of academic achievements are the most important criteria in Ofsted inspection. In addition, according to the results of SATs, league tables are made and open to the public. Therefore most teachers came to be nervous of doing arrangements for SATs and Ofsted inspection. The contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The Impact of policies aspiring to raise academic achievements of children by Education Reform Act of 1988. 2. Some commitments to raise academic achievements of children by Coventry LA and some schools. According to these heads, this paper shows some findings. In line with the principle of competition, schools have made various efforts for moving up their rankings. At the same time, some schools have set out the improvement of instruction abilities of teachers through Learning Walks, namely classroom observation by school leadership team. LA also supports these efforts through the guidance of School Improvement Partners (SIPs) and so on. But long-term prospect is unclear at the minute, since The White Paper noted above has massive implications.
View full abstract
-
Hidekazu SAKO
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
36-45
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The purpose of this report were a) to examine managerial or organizational factors which influenced requiring academic achievement based on main findings of 'effective school' study, and b) to reveal some problems of research on school management. Based on critical reexamination of 'effective school' study, some problems and tasks of research on school management were proposed. These problems showed limitation of 'positive list up study' about desirable schools. These were as follows. 1. It was necessary to show 'process' of school improvement. Especially, it was necessary to show how can build culture of school organization which characterized effective school. 2. It was necessary to clear causal link between academic achievement and school factors. 3. It was necessary to explore and reconsider significant factors or activities of 'common and regular' schools.
View full abstract
-
Takahide KATO
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
46-57
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The purpose of this paper is to examine the today's problems to ensure the achievement of students in the school evaluation system in Japan. First, I examined the existing theories of school evaluation and summarized the features of the school evaluation processes in the school organizational processes. There are problems to accumulate the results of evaluations of teaching and learning and are to reflect a comprehensive evaluation of them in the results of outputs of organizational processes. And additionally, there are "the learning culture" needed that is going to be challenges foster a positive climate with a focus on organizational culture. Through these activities, further promoting cooperation between local residents and school parents, the challenge is to promote their confidence building among them. Second, I examined the theories of curriculum evaluation. These theories examine the issues of assessment and curriculum evaluation linkages are set out in schools. Third, I mentioned the problems of the school evaluation guidelines in Japan from the perspective assistantive development. Finally, I pointed out the following as matters of three to ensure student achievement by the school evaluation. First, the model of which curriculum assessment and school evaluation are linked is required. However, there needs to be developed that can be introduced as a model for all schools. Second, the "self-evaluation" and "report" are required to improve the methods of handling and using in the School Evaluation guidelines in Japan. Third, there are required to further clarify the responsibilities of national and local in the guidelines. And, simultaneously, it is necessary to strengthen the manpower for the development of curriculum in both of the school and the board of education of local governments.
View full abstract
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 53 Pages
App3-
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Yasuhiko Kawakami
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
60-74
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the importance of regular personnel transfers of teachers in local educational administration of Japanese public schools. In many studies of organizations in Japanese public schools, personnel transfers of principals, vice-principals, and teachers have not investigated in detail. These studies are supposedly based on the organizational stationafy of public schools. But actually, teachers in Japanese public schools transfer to other schools regularly due to the administrative policy about once every five years. For each school organizations, this means that 20% of teachers in every schools are shuffled through this policy every year. This transfer system improves fluidity of teachers and brings uncertainty in management of schools. Through the questionnaire survey for prefectural boards of education and educational branch offices, some types of personnel transfers were found in the relationship between prefectural boards of education and municipal boards of education. Some prefectural boards of education took a large part in the decisions about personnel transfers of teachers. On the contrary, other prefectural boards of education did not take such a large part : therefore, municipal boards of education under the prefectures instead took important roles in transfer decisions. These types are also confirmed through case studies of three prefectures. The systems of teachers' personnel transfers had a lot of variety at each of the prefectural level, and those differences fostered different types of unstable management of schools through teachers fluidity. Therefore, the degrees of uncertainty in management of schools are affected by the systems of personnel transfers between prefectural and municipal level. In this context, the system of personnel transfers of teachers is one of most important institutional variable in educational adminitration.
View full abstract
-
Hidekazu SAKO, Yukiko TAKEZAKI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
75-90
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The purposes of this study were to verify the validity of 'Organizational Development Theory for School (ODTS)' and to find a solution to overcome the difficulty of changing school organization. This study was executed based on models and assumptions of ODTS which aimed to enhance ability of spontaneous improvement of school, and this study was executed to develop school organization incrementally from the actual state of the school under study. A small elementary school was subjected to this study. From this study, the basic model of ODTS was verified, and some strategies and methodology for executing organizational development were found. These were described as below. 1) A strategy for incremental developing collaboration in school, 2) A strategy for constructing problems and tasks in school starting from cognition of the actual state of pupils, and 3) A methodology to improve teachers' lesson practice based on shared problems of the school.
View full abstract
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 53 Pages
App4-
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Takahisa OSHIDA, Koichi NAKATA, Tetsuro TAKEI, Junichi MURAKAMI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
92-101
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Hidehiro SUWA, Masayuki FUKUMOTO, Etsuji KOYAMA, Hiromi OKANO, Atsushi ...
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
102-112
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Junko SOYODA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
113-123
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Kazuyoshi YASHIKI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
124-133
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 53 Pages
App5-
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Toru Abe
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
136-138
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Decentralization reform has been promoted in Japan. Education is confronted with a major turning point in decentralization reform. A report called "Ideal Education in Shizuoka Prefecture" was proposed by Shizuoka Prefecture Board of Education in 2007. Based on this report, several kinds of school reform are taking place now. School authority will develop alongside school management in the future.
View full abstract
-
Shinzo Takagi
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
139-141
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
There are a lot of unique aspects in the education promoted in Hamamatsu City. For example, appointment of a citizen as principal of a Hamamatsu municipal high school, support for the education of foreign children, supplementary education for Hamamatsu teachers, moral education and so on. It is especially important not only to raise the academic ability of children, but also to expand their moral education in school.
View full abstract
-
Tatsuro Kudo
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
141-143
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Numazu City Junior High School was added to Numazu Municipal High School in 2003. A citizen was appointed as this high school's principal. Numazu City was authorized as the special ward for linguistic education in 2005, and has carried out language courses in all of the city's elementary and junior high schools.
View full abstract
-
Shigeru Amagasa
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
143-146
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A strategy of school management for improvement of school authority was suggested in the "Action Plan for School Development in Fujinomiya City" proposed by the Fujinomiya City Board of Education in 2010. Now, the Board of Education is carrying out 12 policies based on this plan. It is important to settle a support system for every policy by collaborating with Boards of Education and schools.
View full abstract
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 53 Pages
App6-
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Eiichi AOKI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
148-153
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Shigeru HIRABAYASHI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
154-158
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Makiko KANAGAWA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
159-165
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Yoshihiro SAKAKIBARA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
165-168
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The aim of this three year research project is to clarify changes of school organizations and to analyze emotion of teachers under the decentralization reform. This research project is significant as a study of educational administration in two aspects. One is to elucidate the impacts of decentralization reform on schools. After a decade of decentralization reform since the Comprehensive Decentralization Law, it should be investigated whether and how schools have been changed actually. The other is to study school organizations from the perspective of emotional labor. Teaching is a kind of emotional labor because teachers are expected certain emotions as part of their job. If teaching is characterized as emotional labor, school administration and management can be seen as emotional management. From such a point of view we will be able to recognize new realities of school organization and management. Though we are planning visiting schools, collecting documents, and interviewing teachers, in this session we aim at clearing up research questions and framework of the project in three aspects; review of researches on changes of school organization under the decentralization reform, review of the theory that integrate the notion of emotion into the study of school organization and reform, and report on actual change and emotional conditions of schools.
View full abstract
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 53 Pages
App7-
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Toshiyuki ICHIDA, Shota TERUYA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
170-180
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 53 Pages
App8-
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Jun USHIWATA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
182-189
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 53 Pages
App9-
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
192-194
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
195-
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 53 Pages
App10-
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
198-200
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
201-203
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
204-206
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
207-209
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
210-212
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
213-215
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 53 Pages
App11-
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Tomoko ANDO
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 53 Pages
218-227
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 53 Pages
228-229
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 53 Pages
230-242
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 53 Pages
243-245
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 53 Pages
245-
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 53 Pages
245-246
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 53 Pages
246-
Published: May 30, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS