Serum paraoxonase (PON1) is an esterase associated with plasma HDL and protects LDL against oxidative change. The PON1 gene has two polymorphisms of 191Q/R and 54L/M which affect the enzymatic activities. It was reported that the 191Q/R polymorphism of PON1 gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD), but our case-control study in Japanese subjects did not show that the polymorphism associated with a risk for CHD.
The enzymatic activity of PON1 in patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or in patients with renal failure was significantly lower than that in controls. The distribution of each genotype of 191Q/R and 54L/M polymorphisms did not show any differences between the patient and control groups. These results suggest that the PON1 function suffers from diabetes mellitus or renal failure independently of the polymorphisms, and PON1 in these diseases may not protect LDL against oxidative modification.
We found a novel polymorphism of cytosine/thymidine (C/T) at the -108 position from the ATG colon in the upstream region of the PON1 gene. The promoter activity (luciferase activity) was lower in the -108T allele than in the -108C allele. The serum PON1 concentrations in normal subjects were as follows, -108CC>-108CT and>-108TT genotypes. The novel polymorphism upstream from the PON1 gene is associated with transcription of the PON1 gene and the serum PUN1 concentration.
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