The purpose of this study is to determine the nature of the error responses in the Discriminative Reaction Test of Multiple Performance Type (DRTMPT), which is an aptitude test for drivers in Japan.　Twenty-eight male and 28 female undergraduates participated in the test, in which the task is to discriminate and respond to one of three color lamps with or without a buzzer as quickly and accurately as possible.

A critical review of previous studies revealed that the error responses to the stimulus with the buzzer were a kind of human error that is caused by stronger schemas.　Reaction times for the stimulus without the buzzer were measured and a two-way ANOVA (response (correct/error) × sex) revealed the two types of responders.　Male students were "the faster error responders," whose error reaction times were faster than correct reaction times, whereas female students were "the equal responders," whose correct and error reaction times were the same.　The procedures of identifying those responders were discussed and proposed using the standardization of correct and error reaction times.　Correlations of the number of error responses to correct reaction times were tested with respect to speed-accuracy trade-off.　The results suggested subjects adjusted their speed in the earlier stages of the test.　Three steps of validation studies of DRTMPT were proposed.

This study examined differences in visual searching between two groups of drivers, those with repeated traffic accidents and those without.　We presented each of ten participants from each group a set of 30 visual scenes shot from the passenger seat of a car; each scene was presented for 15 seconds.　We recorded fixation duration, saccadic eye movement time, and fixation targets that could be classified into 63 categories, using an eye camera.　Principal component analysis of each total fixation duration abstracted three major components: fixation targets that do not contribute to safe driving, fixation targets that are important for determining the vehicle's traveling position or speed, and fixation targets of things that move (pedestrians, bicycles or other vehicles).　The participants without traffic accidents scored fewer fixations on the first principal component than the participants with repeated traffic accidents.　These results suggest that the participants without traffic accidents watched targets selectively, but participants with repeated traffic accidents did not.

This report describes framework and functions of driver rehabilitation in Germany.　German driver rehabilitation, highly developed in its legal basis, expertise and quality control, focuses on three target groups: a) drivers with alcohol-related problems, b) drugged drivers, and c) drivers with accumulated demerit points as a result of rather serious offences.　Individual driver rehabilitation measure can be divided into two categories: one is applied before one's driving aptitude is in doubt (discussion-led courses are offered to reduce demerit points or to shorten driving ban period), and the other is applied to those whose driving aptitude is in serious question.　The latter measure consists of MPU (German abbreviation for Medical Psychological Examination), and so-called § 70 courses to regain driving aptitude, and some other courses.　More importantly, quality management of driver rehabilitation is stipulated in relevant laws in order to maintain quality of individual measure offered by MPU agencies and course providers.　Implication for Japanese driver improvement measures is discussed.