交通心理学研究
Online ISSN : 2435-0028
Print ISSN : 0910-9749
29 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
研究論文
  • 楠神 健
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    2013 年 29 巻 1 号 p. 1-15
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2020/04/18
    ジャーナル フリー

    Safety-related personnel in Japanese railways are required to take psychological tests regularly, the purpose of which is to certify their ability to do their job safely. But results of the tests can also be used to train employees based on their psychological characteristics. In this research, therefore, a system to provide each successful testee (train driver) and his/her manager with a directive comment is proposed by the following method : (1) An error a driver with a low test score is inclined to commit is identified by calculating correlations between test scores and the number of errors he/she has experienced. (2) Comments are made composed of the following three parts : testee’s psychological characteristics based on the test score, an easily made error based on the above correlation, and advice for accident prevention based on psychological characteristics and error. (3) Algorithm for choosing a suitable comment based on testee’s score is identified. The comments of 363 drivers based on the above algorithm are evaluated by their managers, and validity of the three parts of the comments is demonstrated.

  • 中村 愛, 島崎 敢, 石田 敏郎
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    2013 年 29 巻 1 号 p. 16-24
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2020/04/18
    ジャーナル フリー

    One reason drivers don’t stop at stop signs is they think that they can stop though they actually can’t. This research seeks to clarify whether drivers can properly self-evaluate their own stopping behavior. Fifteen taxi drivers participated. We took movies of how the taxi drivers on duty turned left at a crossing with a stop sign using a video camera in front of the intersection. We blurred the drivers’ faces and license plates so the participants would not recognize the drivers when they watched the videos. They evaluated the stopping behavior with a visual analogue scale on which the right end represents risk and the left end represents safety. They watched the videos in which the drivers were themselves and evaluated the stopping behavior (A). They then imagined their own usual stopping behavior at the crossing and evaluated that behavior (B). The analysis revealed a significant difference between A and B. They evaluated their usual stopping behavior as being safer than that in the videos. None of the participants recognized that they themselves were the drivers in the videos and strongly criticized their own stopping behavior.

  • 島崎 敢, 中村 愛, 高橋 明子, 石田 敏郎
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    2013 年 29 巻 1 号 p. 25-31
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2020/04/18
    ジャーナル フリー

    Objects viewed through convex mirrors seem smaller than when viewed directly. This difference causes drivers to estimate distances to crossing objects incorrectly and increases the possibility of accidents. However, no study has determined the extent of differences in distances estimated with convex mirrors. This study seeks to determine the extent of such differences. We photographed 20 crossing vehicle scenes at a non-signalized intersection, 10 taken directly (direct view) and 10 taken through a convex mirror (mirror view). The distances from the intersection to the crossing vehicle were varied from 10 m to 32.5 m in 2.5 m intervals. One hundred and ninety pairs of photos were generated from these twenty photos. Pairs consisted of both direct-direct or mirror-mirror scenes and mirror-direct scenes. Eighteen participants were asked to choose the closer scene from these pairs of photos. If participants selected two photos at the same frequency from 190 pairs, they interpreted these photos as being almost the same distance from the vehicle. The frequencies of closer estimation of direct and mirror views were compared. Vehicle distances estimated from mirror views were on average 1.2 times greater than those estimated from direct views, with the greatest difference estimated from mirror views to be 1.7 times greater on average (maximum of 2.2 times greater) than those estimated from direct views.

報告
  • —再犯抑止のための講習について—
    小菅 律, 岡村 和子, 藤田 悟郎
    原稿種別: 報告
    2013 年 29 巻 1 号 p. 32-41
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2020/04/18
    ジャーナル フリー

    The present report described drink driving intervention in Great Britain, focusing on the Drink Drive Rehabilitation (DDR) course. The statutory prescribed limit in Great Britain is 0.8 mg of alcohol in 1 ml of blood, which is higher than the legal limit in many other developed countries. In Great Britain, at the time of sentencing for a drink drive offence, a court can order an offender to be referred to an approved DDR course. Whether the offender participates in the course is optional. If the offender completes the DDR course successfully, then the period of disqualification can be reduced by no more than one quarter of the original disqualified period. The aim of the DDR course is to support changes in the recognition and behaviours of offenders. DDR courses are delivered by various DDR course providers, including probation services, social services and charities. Typically, the course is carried out interactively in a relaxed atmosphere. The course was confirmed to be effective in preventing reoffence. The main differences between Great Britain and Japan in drink driving intervention are that, in Great Britain, the background of course providers is heterogeneous, that participation in course is optional, and that there is a scheme to classify offenders.

  • —子どもの着座位置およびチャイルドシートの使用状況について—
    西館 有沙
    原稿種別: 報告
    2013 年 29 巻 1 号 p. 42-53
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2020/04/18
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study assesses the seating position of children under six years in their parent’s vehicles, particularly, whether or not young children use a child’s car seat when traveling in their parent’s, friend’s, or relative’s vehicles. We distributed a questionnaire survey targeting parents with young children. Of the respondents, 33% used the front passenger seat as a child’s safety seat. In addition, 69% of the respondents reported that their children used a car seat for short excursions such as shopping in the neighborhood, and 90% answered that their children used a child’s seat when traveling longer distances. However, only 9% of the respondents stated that their children did not travel in vehicles owned by friends or relatives if they were unable to use a child’s safety seat. Parents who reported not using a child’s seat stated that this was because the child was reluctant to use the seat and/or that the installation of a seat proved to be too difficult.

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