Action potentials were recorded from the smooth muscles of the small bronchioles (under 1 mm in diameter) with needle electrodes and glass capillary microelectrodes in a nembutalized cat. The results obtained were as follows.
1) A local application of a drop of diluted acetylcholine solution produced an increase in the frequency of the spontaneous discharges and adrenaline administration resulted in a decrease or abolition of the spontaneous discharges.
2) Spontaneous discharges from the bronchiole muscle and nerves were recorded in a denervated and immobilized lung.
3) Waxing and waning of the spontaneous spike discharges was observed by continuous electrical stimulation of the cut vagus nerve.
4) Intracellularer recording revealed that an evoked action potential of a bronchiole muscle fiber was preceded by a slow potential composed of small electric wavelets.
5) Some aspects of a mode of activity of a single muscle fiber in the small bronchioles were discussed.

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The tracheo-bronchial movements in the cases of normal, lung cancer, bronchial asthma, bronchial tuberculosis, bronchiectasis and thoraco-sympathicotomy were studied cinefluorographically following the injection of Dionosil into the tracheo-bronchial tree. Using image amplifier (Philips Co.) the cinefluorography was performed under the condition of 65kVp, 2-3mA. The film speed was 16 frames/sec. and Fuji 16mm X-ray film was used.
Obtained films were projected on the screen repeatedly and the image of each frames was enlarged to a normal size and traced on the tracing paper for measurement.
In normal the respiratory changes in width, length and interbronchial angle of the tracheo-bronchial tree were measured.
In lung cancer the obstructed bronchus was restricted in its respiratory movement.
In bronchiectasis the cystically dilated bronchus showed open-close action just as a motion of a balloon connected with a tube.
In bronchial asthma the bronchial tree was spastic and narrow especially in the periphery.
In bronchial tuberculosis the stenosed bronchus showed the movement to be restricted.
In thoraco-sympathicotomy case the movement of the tracheo-bronchial tree became slow and narrow.

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Of 47 cases of cancer of the hypopharynx seen in the past 10 years laryngo-pharyngoesophagectomy was performed in 34. Of this number a 5 year survival rate was obtained in 47%. The cure rate from standpoint of the pathologic examination showed following: cricopharyngeal cancer, 100%, pharyngo esophageal cancer 53%, cervico-esophageal cancer 14. 3%. In order to improve the cure-rate an early diognesis and pre-operative radiation therapy are considered essential.
The author explained in this paper actual operative procedures especially points one should to know in the operation.

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In the bronchoscopie examination in 13 cases of nasal ozena following findings were made.
1) The change of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tree seems to be more evident in the severe cases of nasal ozena.
2) The cytologic changes of the bronchial secretion are mainly of ciliary epithelium, polymorphonuclear cells, and histeocytes.
3) In the bronchial secretion staphylococcus alva, gram negative bacilli, and gram negative spindle cells are found. In one of the cases corynebacterium diphtheriae was found. There were found a greater degree of mixed infection among severe case of ozena.

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The true condition of the vocal cords in the laryngeal paralysis of central origin is not exactly known. Two cases of central laryngeal paralysis were reported in this paper.
The laryngeal paralysis of the first case was due to progressive bulbar paralysis after trauma of the head. The function of all the intrinsic muscles was disturbed completely and vocal cords were fixed in paramedian position without atrophy.
The second case was laryngeal paralysis due to a disturbance of circulation in brainstem. The bilateral recurrent nerves were completely paralysed and vocal cords were fixed in paramedian position. In this case the atrophy of vocal cords was not recognized.
The voluntary muscles showed spastic paralysis in supranuclear lesion, but the author could not confirm any spastic contraction in these vocal cords.

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The authors reported esophageal intubation with the object of maintaining the peroral feeding for the inoperable obstructing esophageal carcinoma. 5 cases were experienced.
The authors described the matters that demand special attention from the viewpoint of the endoscopist, and emphasized that the intubation of esophageal prosthesis should be safely and securely done. When indicated, the co-operation of the thoracic surgeon (“combined operation”) recommended.

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