The mechanisms of immune reaction were studied by observations of antigen transition, antibody producing cells, antibody titers and factors affecting them following the transtracheo-bronchial inoculation of antigens. Results were obtained as follow: Using immuno fluorescence method, intake of labeled antigen was confirmed in alveolar wall and also antibody containing cells were observed.
Higher antibody titers and higher IgA levels were confirmed in serum and washing fluid of airway by the transtracheo-bronchial inoculation of antigen than by subcutaneous injection. Additionally, similar studies were performed following the exposure to irritant gases and subcutaneous injection of the immuno-suppressive drugs and some effects were revealed on antibody titers, IgA levels and antibody containing cells.

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The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the effects resulting from stimulation of the nasal mucous membrane in man.
The experiments were performed on 14 laryngectomized patients (12 males and 2 females, age range 41-76 years). All measurements were made in a sitting position, during normal breathing in the laboratory atmosphere.
The fluctuation of transpulmonary pressure, flow, volume, and plethysmograpy are recorded on moving paper.
The measurements of before and after irritation of the nasal mucosa were obtained as follows:
1) during normal breathing.
2) during air pressure stimulation (15-30 cmH₂O).
3) after cotton thread stimulation for right nasal passage.
4) after cotton thread stimulation for left nasal passage.
Lower pulmonary resistance decreased on the first ventilatory cycle after irritation of the nasal mucosa. The responce of air pressure stimulation of the nasal mucosa was greater than that of cotton thread stimulation.

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It has been measured the damped oscillation of a fresh excited human larynx when excised by a mechanical impulse and with no air flow through the glottis. From this experiment, the damping ratio for the excised human vocal cord can be estimated to be of the order of 0.1 to 0.2.

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Our experience with two cases of two years old male, fifty-six years old male which we have used laryngomicrosurgical removal and cryosurgical techniques is presented.
We feel that our experiences have seen sufficiently encouraging to recommend further trial of this combined method of therapy.

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During last 6 years (1968-1973), 49 cases of foreign bodies in the oesophagus were treated in the author's clinic. As for the kind of the foreign bodies, 26 cases (53%) were coins, 9 cases (18%) of fish bone, 8 cases (16%) of chicken bone, etc..
Generally in Japan and Korea coin cases occur most frequently, accounting for 40% to 70% of all cases fo foreign bodies in the oesophagus, while in U.S.A. and European countries they are not so large in number, only reaching 10% to 20%. Such a large number of coin cases in Japan and Korea is presumed to be related with the size of coin.
The most circulating coins in Japan and Korea are 10 yen coin (Japan) and 1 whan and 10 won coin (Korea). Their sizes are respectively 23.5mm, 19mm, and 23mm in diameter fittest to stay in the infant's oesophagus.
On the other hand in U.S.A. and European countries, for example, 10 cent coin (U.S.A. and the Netherlands) and 1 penny and 10 pence coin (England) are larger or smaller than Japanese and Korean coin. Their sizes are respectively 17mm, 15mm, and 29mm in diameter.
For the prevention of the coin case, therefore, it is necsssary to reform the size of Japanese coin into about 15mm or larger than 30mm in diameter.

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