Nihon Kikan Shokudoka Gakkai Kaiho

Early Carcinoma of the Esophagus

Definition and Review of 177 Cases Collected in Japan

Kinichi Nabeya, Yuji Arai

1981 Volume 32 Issue 6 Pages 393-399
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2468/jbes.32.393

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The definition of early carcinoma of the esophagus was widely discussed in the past. At first it was defined as the condition that cancer is located in or beneath the submucosal layer without regard to the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis like in early gastric cancer. Later, in 1975, we used the term of early cancer only when lymph node metastasis was absent, as follow-up studies of surgically treated patients showed a worse prognosis in cases with positive nodes.
One hundred and seventy-seven cases of early cancer of the esophagus observed in Japan in the period from 1966 to 1979 were reviewed and statistical analysis was accomplished. Overall five-year survival rate was 75.9%, which is very satisfactory as compared with that of advanced esophageal cancer, which is below 20% in large Japanese series. In 17 cases only intraepithelial spread was observed and five-year survival rate was 100%.
These strongly support the idea that an effort should be done in order to diagnose esophageal cancers in the “early” or possibly in the intraepithelial stage.

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Clinical Study on Early Esophageal Cancer

Sadao Uematsu, Hiroshi Sato, Kaichi Isono, Munemasa Ryu, Yoshiji Watan ...

1981 Volume 32 Issue 6 Pages 400-405
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2468/jbes.32.400

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It is very important that the invasive depth of esophageal cancer is estimated from the radiological findings. The m or sm esophageal cancer can be diagnosed radiologically from the adequate double contrast method of esophagus and adequate position of patient whose cancer can be catched most precisely at the X-ray examination. In 17 cases diagnosed radiologically as m or sm esophageal cancer, 14 cases (82%) are proved histologically to be m or sm esophageal cancer, and 11 cases without lymphmetastasis, that is called early esophageal cancer.
The prognosis of m or sm esophageal cancer is better than that of other cancer with much invasive depth.
To improve the prognosis of esophageal cancer m or sm esophageal cancer must be diagnosed radiologically and must be treated surgically.

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Diagnosis of Early Esophageal Carcinoma

17 Cases and Endoscopical Examination

Hiroyasu Makuuchi, Takashi Sugihara, Hisao Nakasaki, Tomoo Tajima, Tos ...

1981 Volume 32 Issue 6 Pages 406-412
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2468/jbes.32.406

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Although early diagnosis is of prime importance in order to accomplish better results, there have been only 177 reported cases of early esophageal carcinoma in Japanese literature.
We have experienced 17 such cases, 15 males and 2 females, and their ages ranged from 42 to 75. Only 5 of them had some sort of subjective symptoms and the rest were completely asytnptomatic. As for the location of these lesions, 15 were in Im, one in Ei and one in Ea. The size of the lesion was 1.9cm in mean, ranging from 0.4 to 6.5cm. Macroscopically one was tumorous type, 4 superficial polypoid, 3 plateau-like, one flat, 5 erosive and 3 superficial ulcerative. Eleven of them were found with esophagogram and 6 with esophagoscopy. Histologically one was pseudosarcoma, one basal cell carcinoma and 15 squamous cell carcinoma. Fifteen of them were treated surgically and 2 died in immediate postoperative period. Four of 15 died of other causes and 9 are alive. No case has died of carcinoma. Diagnosis of early esophageal carcinoma has been discussed with special emphasis placed on its endoscopic findings.

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Clinicopathology of Superficial Esophageal Carcinoma

Hiroko Ide, Yoko Murata, Motoko Mogi, Tsuneo Hayashi, Misao Yoshida, A ...

1981 Volume 32 Issue 6 Pages 413-421
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2468/jbes.32.413

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We have tried to classify macroscopically 54 superficial esophageal carcinomas whose infiltration is limited within submucosa (sm) and to discuss the relation between macroscopic types and histologic ones.
Some of polypoid type, tumorous type and superficial elevated type belong to specific type different from squamous cell carcinoma. Their histology shows undifferentiated carcinoma, carcinosarcoma or adenoid cystic carcinoma.
Based on lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion, we have also studied “degree of malignancy” in the superficial carcinoma.
The prognosis of early carcinoma, especially carcinoma in situ, superficial flat type and differentiated squamous cell carcinoma is rather good.
The histology of tumorous type, superficial depressed type and superficial mixed type is usually poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma or carcinosarcoma, so the prognosis of these types is very poor.
Superficial esophageal carcinoma has usually distant lymph node metastasis without local one.

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Functional and Morphological Studies on Specific Properties of the Ciliary Movement in the Respiratory Tract of the Rabbit at the Late Fetal Stage

Yoshihiro Ohashi, Yoshiaki Nakai, Yasuhiro Minowa

1981 Volume 32 Issue 6 Pages 422-432
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2468/jbes.32.422

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Observations were made on the ciliary movement in the respiratory tract of rabbit fetuses, and the following results were obtained.
1. In the case of rabbit fetuses at fetal age of 26 days, the ciliary movement was already seen in the epithelia of the nasal septum and the trachea.
2. The percentage of ciliated cells showing ciliary movement among the entire ciliated cells in the respiratory tract was found to be increasing after the fetal age of 26 days in proportion to the increase in the fetal age.
3. On and after the 26th day of the fetal age, the number of ciliary cells showing the ciliary movement was larger in the nasal septum than in the trachea and the frequency of the ciliary movement was 800/min., which was nearly comparable to that of the mature cilia.
4. The transportation capacity of the cilia in the respiratory tract at the late fetal stage was considerably poorer than that of the mature cilia.
5. The direction of the ciliary movement in the respiratory tract at the late fetal stage was considerably irregular as compared with that in the mature respiratory tract.
Further electron-microscopic observations revealed the followings.
1. In the case of rabbit fetuses before fetal age of 26 days, the static cilia was found to be well differentiated to the extent of the mature cilia.
2. The epithelium in the respiratory tract of fetuses showed quantitative immaturity in terms of smaller number of ciliated cells, smaller number of cilia and shorter length of cilia. In addition, qualitative immaturity was also noted as evidenced by unstable direction of the basal foot.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1981 Volume 32 Issue 6 Pages 434-435
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2468/jbes.32.434

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