Primary hyperparathyroidism was found in the father and daughter in a family, parathyroid carcinoma and adenoma being responsible, respectively.
A 57 year old man was admitted for the evaluation of recurrent gastric ulcers. Laboratory tests revealed hypercalcemia of 6.1mEq/l, hypophosphatemia of 1.8mg/dl and elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase of 40.5K. A. U., C-PTH of 13mIU/l (normal range, 1.0-4.2) and 1.25(OH)₂ Vit D₃ of 94.2pg/ml, and urinary cyclic AMP of 22700ng/day (normal 3100-7100). A firm mass (2×3cm) palpable on the right lower part of the anterior neck was proved to be parathyroid cancer on surgical removal with part of the right thyroid lobe.
The 24 year old daughter of this patient also showed hypercalcemia of 5.4mEq/l, hypophosphatemia of 2.3mg/dl, and elevated alkaline phosphatase of 14.9K. A. U., on consulting us with complaints of nausea, epigastralgia, thirst, polyuria and constipation. Serum C-PTH of 0.7ng/ml (normal<1.4) and N-PTH of 130pg/ml (normal 1-96) were thought to be high despite the hypercalcemia. A parathyroid tumor (6×12mm) removed from behind the upper part of the left thyroid lobe was found to be chief cell adenoma.
Familial hyperparathyroidism with parathyroid carcinoma have not been reported in Japan. We report the first case.

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Spontaneously hypercholesterolemic (SHC) rats aged 6 to 26 weeks were examined histologically. The earliest lesion, observed in the kidney of 6-week-old animals, was a deposition of proteinous reabsorptive droplets in the glomerular epithelial cells. An increase of reabsorptive droplets and the adhesion of glomerular tufts to Bowman's capsules were observed at 8 weeks of age. Thereafter, the renal lesions progressively deteriorated and the animals developed severe focal glomerular sclerosis, accompanied by severe tubular degeneration. In 26-week-old SHC rats, marked hypertrophy of the parathyroid gland was found accompanyied by severe calcification in soft tissues such as cardiac muscle, the pulmonary alveolar septum, the gastric mucosal wall and vascular wall. These findings suggest that SHC rats initially develop an increase of glomerular permeability which is followed by progressive focal glomerular sclerosis with advancing age and then results in secondary hyperparathyroidism and severe metastatic calcification in soft tissues.

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Quantitative bone histology, and serum and urinary biochemistry were studied in male SHC rats that spontaneously develop hypercholesterolemia and renal insufficiency; age-matched Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats served as controls. An increase in serum levels of urea nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus was observed in the SHC rats at the age of 15 weeks and thereafter. In 27-week-old SHC rats, an acceleration of osteoclastic bone resorption and bone formation, and increased deposition of osteoid were observed in the trabecular bone of the proximal tibial metaphysic. A peritrabecular fibrous tissue formation, myelofibrosis, was also seen in the SHC rats. The double fluorescence labeling method and contact microradiography revealed impaired mineralization of osteoid tissue in the tibial trabecular bone of SHC rats. Neither osteopenia nor osteosclerosis existed in the bone. These results indicate that the trabecular bone lesion in the SHC rats is characterized by osteitis fibrosa accompanied by osteomalacia. Analysis of the tibial shaft, on the other hand, showed decreased cortical bone area with increased marrow area, but no increased osteoid tissue.
The SHC rat spontaneously develops chronic renal failure, hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, and metastatic calcification in soft tissues. The findings presented here indicate that these rats have bone disease resembling that of patients with renal osteodystrophy.

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Various methods of X-ray densitometry have already been reported for the evaluation of osteoporosis. Weight-bearing vertebral body and second metatarsal were compared with the non-weight-bearing bone of the upper extremity in the evaluation of osteopenia X-ray measurement and densitometry.
Deformity of the vertebral body was assessed by measurement of the height on the anterior edge, center and posterior edge from the 11th thoracic (Thll) to the 5th lumbar (L5) spine, to compare these with the corresponding height in the neighboring spine, expressing it as indices. This method is useful to follow the changes of the deformity of the vertebral body in patients with spinal compression fracture.
Measurement of the metatarsal was carried out by applying the microdensitometry of Inoue used on the metacarpal. The X-ray image of the second metatarsal and aluminium slope was measured and analyzed by a densitometer to obtain MTI, GSmax, GSmin and ΣGS/D. These indices, as those of the metacarpals, decrease with age, reflecting the state of the spine better. These methods consequently appear to be useful to evaluate the influence of exercise and rehabilitation on osteporosis.

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To elucidate the process in which the muscle attachment migrates during growth, the attachment of the deep layer of the masseter muscle to the rat mandible was examined by light microscope autoradiography using ³H-proline.
Most of the silver grains were concentrated in the cytoplasm of fibrocartilage cells in the tendinous attachment and transitional zone, and also fibroblasts in the periosteal attachment at 30min after the ³H-proline injection. At 4h after the ³H-proline injection, silver grains in atteched fibers increased. These results suggest that collagen fiber was actively formed by fibrocartilage cells in the tendinous attachment and transitional zone, and by fibroblasts in the periosteal attachment.
It was concluded that, in rats, attachment of the deep layer of the masseter muscle to the mandible migrated to the mandible, maintaining its relative position by the active remodeling of the attached fiber which was embedded in the bone.

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The effect of Ipriflavone (TC-80) on bone resorption, caused by transplanted parathyroid glands (PT) in contact with the periosteum of the parietal bone of a rat, was studied.
The number of osteoclasts and the amount of bone resorption showed a significant increase on the 3rd and 7th day after PT transplant. Pretreatments of TC-80 (100mg/kg/day and 500mg/kg/day) significantly suppressed the increase in the number of osteoclasts and the amount of bone resorption brought about by PT transplant. Suppression was more marked in rats which received 500mg/kg of TC-80. These date demonstrate that TC-80 supressed the osteoclastic bone resorption.

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The objective of this investigation was to characterize matrix vesicles (mv) of a human osteogenic sarcoma. Small pieces of tumor were implanted into nude mice. After 6 weeks, a calcified malignant tumor was seen. The tumor exhibited evidence of chondroblastic differentiation. Mineralization of the tumor occurred in relation to mv. The vesicles were characterized as trilaminated membrane-bound organelles with diameters ranging between 30nm-100nm. The vesicle fractions had remarkably high alkaline phosphatase, pyrophosphatase, and ATP-ase activities. Analysis of protein components of the my by SDS-PAGE showed the presence of 10 protein bands. The major protein components had molecular weights of 52, 000, 60, 000, and 72, 000 daltons respectively. The pI of mv was also determined by flat bed isoelectric focusing in a slurry of Pevikon-Sephadex. Measuring alkaline phosphatase activity as a marker of mv, the organelles focussed as a single asymmetric broad band. The peak activity was observed at pH 7.2. The biochemical characteristics of tumor mv were similar to those found in epiphyseal cartilage.

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