巻号一覧
54 巻 (2014)
- 3 号 p. 137-
- 2 号 p. 67-
- 1 号 p. 1-
54 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1～11を表示しています
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Original Articles
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Yoshimi Sueishi, Masashi Hori, Misa Ishikawa, Keiko Matsu-ura, Erisa K ...原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 2 号 p. 67-74
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/03/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/02/21ジャーナル フリーScavenging rate constants of eight hydrophilic antioxidants, including caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, genistein, glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, rutin, trolox, and uric acid against multiple ROS, namely superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, and alkoxyl radical were determined with the electron spin resonance method. Direct flash photolysis measurement of the second-order rate constant in the reaction of alkoxyl radical plus the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-pyrroline N-oxide made it possible to evaluate scavenging rate constants in antioxidants. The magnitudes of scavenging rate constants were notably dependent on the character of each ROS and the overall rate constants were highest in hydroxyl radical scavenging and the lowest in superoxide anion. The highest scavenging rate constant against superoxide anion was obtained by chlorogenic acid (2.9 × 105 M−1 s−1) and the lowest was by N-acetylcysteine (5.0 × 102 M−1 s−1). For singlet oxygen, the highest was by glutathione (9.4 × 108 M−1 s−1) and the lowest was by uric acid (2.3 × 106 M−1 s−1). All other numbers are listed and illustrated. Redox potential measurements of the antioxidants indicated that the antioxidants are likely to react with superoxide anion and singlet oxygen through electron transfer processes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (987K) -
Megumi Ueno, Minako Nyui, Ikuo Nakanishi, Kazunori Anzai, Toshihiko Oz ...原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 2 号 p. 75-80
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/03/01
ジャーナル フリーThe scavenging activity of rat plasma against hyperthermia-induced reactive oxygen species was tested. The glutathione-dependent reduction of a nitroxyl radical, 4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl, which was restricted by adding superoxide dismutase or by deoxygenating the reaction mixture, was applied to an index of superoxide (O2•−) generation. A reaction mixture containing 0.1 mM 4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl and 1 mM glutathione was prepared using 100 mM phosphate buffer containing 0.05 mM diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. The reaction mixture was kept in a screw-top vial and incubated in a water bath at 37 or 44°C. The time course of the electron paramagnetic resonance signal of 4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl in the reaction mixture was measured by an X-band EPR spectrometer (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). When the same experiment was performed using rat plasma instead of 100 mM PB, the glutathione-dependent reduction of 4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl, i.e., generation of O2•−, was not obtained. Only the first-order decay reduction of 4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl, which indicates direct reduction of 4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl, was obtained in rat plasma. Adding 0.5% albumin to the phosphate buffer reaction mixture could almost completely inhibit O2•− generation at 37°C. However, addition of 0.5% albumin could not inhibit O2•− generation at 44°C, i.e., hyperthermic temperature. Ascorbic acid also showed inhibition of O2•− generation by 0.01 mM at 37°C, but 0.02 mM or more could inhibit O2•− generation at 44°C. A higher concentration of ascorbic acid showed first-order reduction, i.e., direct one-electron reduction, of 4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl. Hyperthermia-induced O2•− generation in rat plasma can be mostly inhibited by albumin and ascorbic acid in the plasma.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (779K) -
Hiromu Ito, Masato Tamura, Hirofumi Matsui, Hideyuki J. Majima, Hiroko ...原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 2 号 p. 81-85
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/03/01
ジャーナル フリーPhotodynamic therapy and photodynamic diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) are clinically useful for cancer treatments. Cancer cells have been reported that 5-aminolevulinic acid is incorporated via peptide transporter 1, which is one of the membrane transport proteins, and has been reported to be significantly expressed in various gastrointestinal cancer cells such as Caco-2. However, the mechanism of this protein expression has not been elucidated. Concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is higher in cancer cells in comparison with that of normal cells. We have previously reported that ROS derived from mitochondria is likely related to invasions and proliferations of cancer cells. Since 5-aminolevulinic acid is the most important precursor of heme which is necessary protein for cellular proliferations, mitochondrial ROS (mitROS) may be also related to peptide transporter 1 expressions. In this study, we used a rat gastric mucosal cell line RGM1 and its cancer-like mutated cell line RGK1, and we clarified the ALA uptake mechanism and its relations between mitROS and peptide transporter 1 expression in RGK1. We also used our self-established stable clone of cell which over-expresses manganese superoxide dismutase, a mitROS scavenger. We studied differences of the photodynamic therapy effects in these cells after ALA administrations to clear the influence of mitROS.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (471K) -
Po Hung Liu, Wataru Aoi, Maki Takami, Hitomi Terajima, Yuko Tanimura, ...原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 2 号 p. 86-89
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/03/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/02/19ジャーナル フリーAstaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, accelerates lipid utilization during aerobic exercise, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. The present study investigated the effect of astaxanthin intake on lipid metabolism associated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups: sedentary, sedentary and astaxanthin-treated, exercised, and exercised and astaxanthin-treated. After 2 weeks of treatment, the exercise groups performed treadmill running at 25 m/min for 30 min. Immediately after running, intermuscular pH was measured in hind limb muscles, and blood was collected for measurements. Proteins were extracted from the muscle samples and PGC-1α and its downstream proteins were measured by western blotting. Levels of plasma fatty acids were significantly decreased after exercise in the astaxanthin-fed mice compared with those fed a normal diet. Intermuscular pH was significantly decreased by exercise, and this decrease was inhibited by intake of astaxanthin. Levels of PGC-1α and its downstream proteins were significantly elevated in astaxanthin-fed mice compared with mice fed a normal diet. Astaxanthin intake resulted in a PGC-1α elevation in skeletal muscle, which can lead to acceleration of lipid utilization through activation of mitochondrial aerobic metabolism.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (339K) -
Toshinori Kamisako, Yuji Tanaka, Yoshizumi Kishino, Takanori Ikeda, Ka ...原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 2 号 p. 90-94
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/03/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/02/14ジャーナル フリーNuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a regulator of lipid metabolism as well as various cytoprotective enzymes and may be involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Although, bile acids affect lipid metabolism, the role of Nrf2 in bile acid metabolism remains unclear. In this study, it was tested how Nrf2 modulates lipid and bile acid homeostasis in liver in response to changes of cholesterol absorption under high-fat diet using Nrf2-null mice. Eight-week-old male wild-type and Nrf2-null mice (n = 6/group) were divided into three groups fed the following diets: 1) control diet containing 4% soybean oil and 16% lard, 2) control diet plus ezetimibe, 3) control diet plus cholesterol. Blood and livers were removed after 4 weeks feeding. High cholesterol diet increased hepatic expression of liver X receptor α target genes related to fatty acid metabolism (FAS, ACC1, SREBP-1c, SCD-1c and CD36), cholesterol transport (Abcg5/abcg8) and bile acid synthesis (Cyp7a1) in wild type mice. However, these genes were not induced in Nrf2-null mice. These findings suggest that Nrf2 has a relation to liver X receptor α and controls the regulation of gene expressions related to lipid and bile acid metabolism.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1620K) -
Satomi Shimizu, Gen Fujii, Mami Takahashi, Ruri Nakanishi, Masami Komi ...原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 2 号 p. 95-101
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/03/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/02/19ジャーナル フリーExcessive prostaglandin production by cyclooxygenase-2 in stromal and epithelial cells is a causative factor of colorectal carcinogenesis. Thus, compounds which inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 transcriptional activity in colon epithelial cells could be candidates for anti-carcinogenic agents. A cyclooxygenase-2 transcriptional activity in the human colon cancer cell line DLD-1 has been measured using a β-galactosidase reporter gene system. Using this system, we demonstrated that the decrease in basal cyclooxygenase-2 transcriptional activities at 100 µM sesamol, one of the lignans in sesame seeds, was 50%. Other compounds in sesame seeds such as sesamin, sesamolin, ferulic acid, and syringic acid did not exhibit significant suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 transcriptional activity at up to 100 µM. In a following experiment, 6-week-old male Min mice, Apc-deficient mice, were divided into a non-treated and 500 ppm sesamol groups. At the age of 15 weeks, it was found that treatment with sesamol decreased the number of polyps in the middle part of small intestine to 66.1% of the untreated value. Moreover, sesamol suppressed cyclooxygenase-2 and cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase mRNA in the polyp parts. The present findings may demonstrate the novel anti-carcinogenetic property of sesamol, and imply that agents that can suppress cyclooxygenase-2 expression may be useful cancer chemopreventive agents.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (595K) -
Otoki Nakahashi, Hironori Yamamoto, Sarasa Tanaka, Mina Kozai, Yuichir ...原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 2 号 p. 102-108
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/03/01
ジャーナル フリーMembers of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 subfamily, including FGF23, FGF15/19, and FGF21, have a role as endocrine factors which influence the metabolism of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and vitamin D, bile acid, and energy. It has been reported that dietary Pi regulates circulating FGF23. In this study, the short-term effects of dietary Pi restriction on the expression of FGF19 subfamily members in mice were analyzed. An initial analysis confirmed plasma FGF23 levels positively correlated with the amount of dietary Pi. On the other hand, ileal Fgf15 gene expression, but not hepatic Fgf21 gene expression, was up-regulated by dietary Pi restriction. In addition, we observed the increase of plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] levels by dietary Pi restriction, and the up-regulation of ileal Fgf15 mRNA expression by 1,25(OH)2D3 and vitamin D receptor (VDR). Importantly, dietary Pi restriction-induced Fgf15 gene expression was prevented in VDR-knockout mice. Furthermore, diurnal variations of plasma triglyceride concentrations and hepatic mRNA expression of the bile acid synthesis enzyme Cyp7a1 as one of Fgf15 negative target genes was influenced by dietary Pi restriction. These results suggest that dietary Pi restriction up-regulates ileal Fgf15 gene expression through 1,25(OH)2D3 and VDR, and may affect hepatic bile acid homeostasis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (633K) -
Miki Tadaishi, Yoriko Nishide, Yuko Tousen, Marlena C. Kruger, Yoshiko ...原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 2 号 p. 109-115
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/03/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/25ジャーナル フリーOsteoclasts play a major role in bone resorption. Several functional food components, such as soy isoflavones and carotenoids, are reported to inhibit osteoclast formation. However, the cooperative effect of functional foods or their constituents on bone metabolism has not been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the cooperative effect of soy isoflavones and carotenoids on osteoclast formation in vitro using cultures of RAW264 and bone marrow cells in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand. In RAW264 cells, treatment with soy isoflavones (genistein or equol) or carotenoids (β-carotene) suppressed osteoclast formation. At 10 µM, genistein and equol inhibited RAW264 cell proliferation but did not affect cell viability. When 10 µM genistein or equol was combined with 0.1 µM β-carotene, we observed an additive suppressive effect on osteoclast differentiation. Similar results were observed with bone marrow cell cultures. We found that 10 µM of zeaxanthin or lutein suppressed osteoclast formation singly, and further enhanced the suppressive effects of daidzein or genistein when administered in combination. These results suggest that the combination of soy isoflavones and carotenoids have an enhanced suppressive effect on osteoclast formation. This knowledge might be important in planning diet for bone health.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (838K) -
Keisuke Kohama, Atsunori Nakao, Mariko Terashima, Michiko Aoyama-Ishik ...原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 2 号 p. 116-121
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/03/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/25ジャーナル フリーFish oil rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has diverse immunomodulatory properties and attenuates acute lung injury when administered in enternal nutrition. However, enteral nutrition is not always feasible. Therefore, we investigated the ability of parenteral nutrition supplemented with fish oil to ameliorate acute lung injury. Rats were infused with parenteral nutrition solutions (without lipids, with soybean oil, or with soybean oil and fish oil) for three days. Lipopolysaccharide (15 mg/kg) was then administered intratracheally to induce acute lung injury, characterized by impaired lung function, polymorphonuclear leukocyte recruitment, parenchymal tissue damage, and upregulation of mRNAs for inflammatory mediators. Administration of parenteral nutrition supplemented with fish oil prior to lung insult improved gas exchange and inhibited neutrophil recruitment and upregulation of mRNAs for inflammatory mediators. Parenteral nutrition supplemented with fish oil also prolonged survival. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, leukotriene B4 and leukotriene B5 secretion was measured in neutrophils from the peritoneal cavity. The neutrophils from rats treated with fish oil-rich parenteral nutrition released significantly more leukotriene B5, an anti-inflammatory eicosanoid, than neutrophils isolated from rats given standard parenteral nutrition. Parenteral nutrition with fish oil significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in rats in part by promoting the synthesis of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1272K) -
Miaoyan Zheng, Meilin Zhang, Juhong Yang, Shijing Zhao, Shanchun Qin, ...原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 2 号 p. 122-128
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/03/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/02/14ジャーナル フリーType 2 diabetes is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Folate insufficiency fosters a decline in the sole methyl donor, S-adenosylmethionine, and decreases methylation potential, which is associated with Alzheimer’s disease in non-diabetic patients. However, little is known in diabetic patients. We analyzed plasma levels of S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine and serum level of folate in 100 elderly type 2 diabetic patients with and without mild cognitive impairment. S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio was used to reflect the methylation potential. Patients with mild cognitive impairment had significantly lower levels of S-adenosylmethionine, folate and S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteineratios. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis indicated the plasma S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio and serum folate (OR, 0.96, 0.698, 0.72, respectively; p<0.05) were negatively associated with risk of mild cognitive impairment, even after adjusting for related covariates. In addition, folate level was positively correlated with S-adenosylmethionine and the S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio (r = 0.38, 0.46, respectively; p<0.05) among patients within the middle tertile of folate levels (6.3–9.1 µg/L). These findings indicate mild cognitive impairment is associated with lower levels of S-adenosylmethionine, folate and weakened methylation potential; plasma S-adenosylmethionine and methylation potential may be predicted by serum folate within a suitable range of folate concentrations in diabetic patients.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (463K) -
Tetsuo Adachi, Tomoyuki Kaminaga, Hiroyuki Yasuda, Tetsuro Kamiya, Hir ...原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 2 号 p. 129-135
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/03/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2013/12/27ジャーナル フリーSecondary bile acids produced by enteric bacteria accumulate to high levels in the enterohepatic circulation and may contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury. Relative hydrophobicity has been suggested to be an important determinant of the biological properties of these compounds, although the mechanism by which bile acids induce pathogenesis is not fully understood. On the other hand, endoplasmic reticulum stress has been shown to be involved in the induction and development of various pathogenic conditions. In this report, we demonstrated that the intensities of cytotoxicity and endoplasmic reticulum stress in HepG2 cells triggered by the bile acids tested were largely dependent on their hydrophobicity. The activation of caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation by treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid showed the contribution of apoptosis to cytotoxicity. Increases in intracellular calcium levels and the generation of reactive oxygen species stimulated by treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid contributed to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Bile acids also induced transforming growth factor-β, a potent profibrogenic factor, which is known to induce hepatocyte apoptosis and ultimately liver fibrosis. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that bile acids induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, which in turn stimulated apoptosis in HepG2 cells, in a hydrophobicity-dependent manner.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (870K)
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