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Volume 18 (1985)
- Issue 6 Pages 485-
- Issue 5 Pages 389-
- Issue 4 Pages 287-
- Issue 3 Pages 193-
- Issue 2 Pages 99-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 18, Issue 6
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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YUJI SHINDO, TOSHIKATSU HAKUTA, HIROSHI YOSHITOME, HAKUAI INOUE1985 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 485-489
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the separation of a multicomponent mixture by means of a microporous glass membrane, experiments in the separation of a ternary mixture composed of helium, oxygen and argon were performed with cocurrent flow operation at 407 K. The pressure of the feed stream was 175 kPa and 216 kPa, while the pressure of the permeate stream was maintained at atmospheric. The cut was made to vary by changes in feed-gas flow rate. Theoretical analysis was made on the basis of some assumptions. The agreement between theoretical values and experimental data for both permeated and rejected gas composition was fairly good. In addition, the effect of longitudinal mixing in both feed and permeate streams, and the usefulness and limitations of the model, were studied.View full abstractDownload PDF (343K) -
FENG-HSIN HUANG, MENG-HUI LI, LLOYD L. LEE, KENNETH E. STARLING, FRANK ...1985 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 490-496
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn equation of state for carbon dioxide is developed here that yields high accuracy in P-V-T calculations over wide ranges of temperatures (216-423 K) and pressures (to 310.3 MPa). It is particularly accurate around the critical region due to the use of "nonanalytical" terms to model the critical isotherm. Thus it is suited to applications in supercritical states. The density calculation is reliable to within 0.1-0.2 % outside the critical region, and to within 1% near the critical point. The equation has also been tested for vapor pressure and enthalpy calculations (with deviations less than 0.06 %, and 2-5 J/g, respectively). Comparison with a number of existing equations of state shows that the present equation is more dependable.View full abstractDownload PDF (458K) -
MASABUMI NISHIKAWA, KAZUHIRO SHIINO, TAKASHI KAYAMA, SHIGERU NISHIOKA, ...1985 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 496-501
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGas holdup, bubble size distribution and gas absorption capacity coefficient in a multi-stage gas-liquid spouted vessel are observed in this study and it is confirmed that coalescence of gas bubbles observed in the calm uniformflow section in a single-stage spouted vessel can be avoided by introduction of perforated plates.
Experimental results show that effect of physical properties of liquid on the capacity coefficient in a spouted vessel is more similar to that observed in an aerated mixing vessel than to that of a bubbling column.
It is also observed that the gas absorption coefficient is proportional to the square root of the Sauter mean bubble diameter.View full abstractDownload PDF (453K) -
MOTOAKI ADACHI, KIKUO OKUYAMA, YASUO KOUSAKA1985 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 502-509
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe electrostatic dispersion of polydisperse aerosol particles carrying unipolar charge was studied theoretically and experimentally. The time-dependent behavior of polydisperse aerosols due to electrostatic dispersion in stationary air and a laminar pipe flow is evaluated by numerically integrating the "birth-death" equations for various conditions. The results are compared with those obtained from the well-known Wilson''s equation, which is derived for a monodisperse aerosol having uniform charge quantity in stationary air. The effects of particle size distribution, particle charge distribution, image force and flow conditions of aerosols on the aerosol behavior were studied. It was found that Wilson''s equation can roughly estimate the decrease in number concentration of polydisperse aerosols, if mean electrical mobility and geometric mean radius are used to take account of the effect of polydispersity of both charge and size. Some of the calculated results were in good agreement with the experimental results obtained in a closed chamber and in a laminar pipe flow.View full abstractDownload PDF (622K) -
KENJI OKADA, YASUHARU AKAGI1985 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 509-514
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRemoval of oil droplets from an oil-in-water mixture was studied, using the method of coalescence through a packed bed. The coalescence behavior of oil droplets in the bed was observed photographically. It was shown that the separation efficiency was low until a layer of oil phase was formed in the bed, but after the oil layer was formed high separation efficiency was achieved. At steady state the relation between pressure drop and oil holdup in the bed was examined, and a method of estimating the amount of oil holdup in the bed from the measured pressure drop was developed. The effects of packing diameter, length of bed and liquid velocity on separation efficiency were examined experimentally, and the separation efficiency was correlated with these variables.View full abstractDownload PDF (529K) -
TOSHIRO MARUYAMA, ZEN-ICHI YOSHIDA, SADAO MIKI1985 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 515-519
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new type of spinning catalyst basket reactor, referred to here as the annular reactor, has been developed in which an annular basket rotates in an unbaffled annular vessel. The distinctly superior performance of the annular reactor over existing reactors was confirmed by experiments in liquid-phase isomerization of quadricyclane to norbornadiene. It was found that the annular reactor increased the rate of mass transfer by a factor of about 4.5 compared with a Carberry reactor of similar dimensions. In addition, it needs a smaller liquid volume and less agitation power. For testing heterogeneous catalysts of high activity, the use of the newly-developed annular reactor is strongly recommended.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
HIROMOTO USUI, YUJI SANO1985 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 519-525
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe shear stress-shear rate behaviour of a thixotropic coal water mixture (CWM) was studied in coaxial rotating cylinder rheometer under a wide variety of rest and shear rate history. The transient stress data were used to construct equilibrium and constant-structure flow curves. These transient stress data, i.e. the stress relaxation data and the stress recovery data, were also used to evaluate the breakdown and buildup processes of the internal structure. A phenomenological thixotropy model which has the structural stress as a thixotropic structural parameter was proposed. This model can predict the thixotropic hysteresis loop precisely.View full abstractDownload PDF (568K) -
KAZUYUKI SHIMIZU, MASAKAZU MATSUBARA1985 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 525-533
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA singluar value analysis was carried out for the assessment of control structures of a distillation column. An analysis based on the IMC (Internal Model Control) structure shows that the material balance type of control structure is preferable to the conventional type and the ratio control type proposed by Ryscamp from the points of view of the sensitivity of the control quality to modeling errors and the size of the set point change which the closedloop system can handle for dual composition control.
Several types of modeling errors which typically appear in the distillation system were characterized by the maximum singular values and the robustness of the multivariable Pi-control system was studied within the framework of singular value analysis.
Computer simulations were carried out to illustrate the characteristics.View full abstractDownload PDF (619K) -
HAJIME UNNO, TAKASHI AKEHATA1985 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 533-538
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe flow behavior of excess activated sludge containing highly concentrated organic solid, and showing an extremely thixotropic nature, was investigated.
An experimental method for measuring the flow characteristics of the sludge under the condition of the same structure was proposed. By applying this method the relationship between shear rate and shear stress of a samestructure sludge was obtained, and it was found that the relationship was very similar to that of a plastic fluid. The relationship was named the sludge structure curve (SSC). SSC was degenerated into one curve by using a yield stress which was characteristic of each structure. This curve was named the sludge characteristic curve (SCC), because SCC was uniquely determined by the concentrations of solid and sludge conditioning agent, independently of sludge structure and temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (432K) -
TOSHIFUMI TSUJI, TAKAO MORI, MASAYUKI TANIGUCHI, KAZUYUKI SHIMIZU, TAK ...1985 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 539-544
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe color and pheophorbide content of green leaf protein concentrate (LPC) samples from white clover and alfalfa were affected by the conditions of heat coagulation. Extraction with organic solvents made it possible to remove the pigments, including pheophorbide, and fat from the green LPC samples. Of the organic solvents tested, ethanol was considered to be most suitable from the viewpoint of producing edible protein as well as its dissolving power for chlorophyll, the major pigment in plants. The optimum concentration of ethanol for chlorophyll extraction was around 90 %. The rate of extraction of chlorophyll was considerably dependent upon methods of drying green LPC samples. An equilibrium diagram of chlorophyll extraction with ethanol, based on the results of single extraction with fresh solvent, is presented.View full abstractDownload PDF (496K) -
KOHEI OGAWA, CHIAKI KURODA, SHIRO YOSHIKAWA1985 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 544-549
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAssuming that the turbulent flow field consists of eddy-groups and that each of them has respective average frequency, a formula for the one-dimensional energy spectrum function (ESF) for wide wavenumber ranges is proposed by using the information entropy from the standpoint of statistical mechanics. The newly proposed formula appears to be a satisfactory approximation of past practical distributions of ESF even if the distribution has more than one order of wavenumber range to which the Kolmogoroff spectrum law can be applied. In addition, the relationship between micro and macro scale, the displacement of fluid particle, the turbulent eddy diffusivity and the points to be noted for scale-up of equipment are discussed on the basis of the newly proposed expression of the one-dimensional ESF.View full abstractDownload PDF (416K) -
TATSUO NISHIMURA, YOSHIJI OHORI, YOSHIHIKO KAJIMOTO, YUJI KAWAMURA1985 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 550-555
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMass transfer characteristics in a channel with symmetric wavy wall were investigated by the Leveque theory and the electrochemical method. The channel used has a geometry similar to that of the Oxford membrane blood oxygenator. The flow regime covered ranged from laminar to turbulent flow.
The local Sherwood number distributions indicate that the reversed-flow region significantly differs from the forward-flow region in mass transfer characteristics. For laminar flow, mass transfer enhancement of the wavy channel is scarcely expected as compared with the corresponding straight channel, but is found to be remarkable for turbulent flow.View full abstractDownload PDF (473K) -
SHIGEKI TAKISHIMA, SHOZABURO SAITO1985 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 555-561
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn equation of state is derived from a group contribution model which takes into account the effect of local molecular distribution on potential energy in terms of the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) model. Model parameters for methyl and methylene groups are determined from the data reduction of saturated properties of n-alkanes. It is shown that the equation of state correlates well the saturated properties of "-alkanes and successfully predicts the vapor-liquid equilibria of n-alkane binary mixtures.View full abstractDownload PDF (462K) -
HARUMI MATSUZAKI, MASAYOSHI KUBOTA, SANKICHI TAKAHASHI, KATSUYA EBARA, ...1985 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 561-564
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (297K) -
YASUZOU SAKAI, HAJIME UNNO, TAKASHI AKEHATA1985 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 564-566
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (173K)
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