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Volume 19 (1986)
- Issue 6 Pages 497-
- Issue 5 Pages 361-
- Issue 4 Pages 251-
- Issue 3 Pages 161-
- Issue 2 Pages 91-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 19, Issue 4
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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RYOHEI YAMAZAKI, NAOKI UEDA, GENJI JIMBO1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 251-257
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new model describing the effect of the adhesive force of particles on the bed structure in a fluidized bed is proposed. Based on this model, equations for estimating the minimum fluidization bed voidage and gas velocity were analytically derived as functions of the particle size and the adhesive force of particles. From a comparison of theoretical values with experimental values obtained in silica sand beds with various particle sizes at temperatures up to 873 K, the analytical equations were found to give excellent predictions. The predicted values were also found to agree well with the experimental values of bed voidage at ambient conditions by Leva.View full abstractDownload PDF (438K) -
KAZUHARU YOSHIZUKA, KAZUO KONDO, FUMIYUKI NAKASHIO1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 258-262
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing five kinds of alkylbenzene-substituted N-8-quinolylsulfonamide having different alkyl-chain lengths, the effect of hydrophobicity on distribution and interfacial adsorption equilibria was examined.
It was found that the equilibrium constants of distribution and interfacial adsorption of the extractants between organic and aqueous solutions were remarkably affected by the hydrophobicity of the extractant, but the acid dissociation constant and the interfacial area occupied by unit mole of the extractant were not affected.View full abstractDownload PDF (358K) -
KOUICHI NAGAOKA, YOSHIHIKO YAMASHITA, YOSHIYUKI TANAKA, HIRONOBU KUBOT ...1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 263-267
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSViscosity of eight binary gaseous mixtures consisting of fluorocarbon refrigerants, namely
R290 mixtures: R290 + R22, R290 + R115, R290 + R502
R22 mixtures: R22 + R12, R22 + R13, R22 + R13B1, R22 + R14, R22 + R152a
have been measured at temperatures from 298 to 348 K at atmospheric pressure. The measurements were performed by a rolling-ball viscometer, which was calibrated using nitrogen as a standard gas. The uncertainty of the viscosity data obtained is estimated to be within ± 1.0%.
The visocisty of all gaseous mixtures investigated changes almost linearly with composition at constant temperature. The experimental data could be expressed by the empirical Sutherland equation with mean deviation of 0.36 %. It was found that the Chapman-Enskog theory reproduced the experimental data with mean deviations within 1 % except for R290 + R502 mixtures.View full abstractDownload PDF (377K) -
HIROYUKI HONDA, MASAHITO TAYA, TAKESHI KOBAYASHI1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 268-273
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn extractive fermentation for ethanol production was carried out by using immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kyokai 7 and its lactose-fermentable fusant (strain PN13). Although o-isopropylphenol (OIPP) and o-tert-butylphenol (OTBP) as extractive solvents had relatively large partition coefficients against ethanol (1.4 by weight-based concentration), the solvents were heavily toxic to both yeasts. Some plant oils such as castor oil protected the yeasts from the toxicity of OTBP. Therefore, the ethanol fermentation became feasible even in the presence of OTBP as extractant by using yeast immobilized within alginate gel containing castor oil as protective agent. The ethanol production activity of gel beads containing the oil was not deteriorated through six repeated uses.View full abstractDownload PDF (660K) -
NAKANO YOSHIO, NARUOKA HIROHITO, MURASE MATSUHIKO1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 274-280
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe phase transition of a gel was investigated from the viewpoint of both equilibrium and kinetics. Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) gels synthesized in our laboratory showed drastic changes in volume by infinitesimal change in concentration of acetone-water mixtures. Such phenomena took place near a critical concentration of the solvent. The equilibrium degree of phase transition of the gel was analysed, using the mean field theory proposed by Flory-Huggins. It was found that the volume change was mainly represented by the f-value defined in the Flory-Huggins formula. The diffusivity of the gel network was estimated from the concentration swing experiment near the phase transition and the equation of motion of gel network. The diffusivities, D, were correlated well with the f-values, as D=exp(0.486f-13.9) for the synthesized copolymer gels.View full abstractDownload PDF (458K) -
HAJIME UNNO, HISAO SAKA, TAKASHI AKEHATA1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 281-286
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFactors affecting oil separation from surfactant-free dispersed oil-water mixture in a mixing tank by a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) membrane separator unit were investigated. The typical unit consisted of a sheet of porous PTFE membrane, a PTFE filter paper and an acrylic perforated plate. The separation process included three steps in series: 1) attachment of dispersed oil droplets to the membrane surface, 2) penetration of the attached oil into and through the porous space within the membrane and the filter paper, and 3) release of the oil from the separation unit. The resistance of step 2) was negligibly small compared with the other two steps. The ratio, a, of the oil droplet amount separated by the separation unit to that colliding with the membrane surface was very small, i.e., 3 % at most within the experimental conditions. The effect of oil viscosity was significant and the ratio a was inversely proportional to the oil viscosity.View full abstractDownload PDF (478K) -
MASAYUKI KAMIMOTO, YOSHIYUKI ABE, SHINJI SAWATA, TATSUO TANI, TAKEO OZ ...1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 287-293
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConceptual designs and cost evaluations were made for three solar thermal application systems and a waste heat recovery system with a latent thermal storage unit using form-stable high-density polyethylene. A detailed design of the storage unit shows that it is economically competitive with other thermal energy storage devices such as the steam accumulator. The solar air conditioning system and the waste heat recovery system with this storage unit are feasible. On the other hand, the solar thermal power generation systems with collectors of non-tracking and nonconcentrating type are not cost-effective, mainly due to low conversion efficiency arising from the low operating temperature. System simulations of the two promising systems were carried out.View full abstractDownload PDF (545K) -
SHIGEHARU MOROOKA, KIYOSHI IKEMIZU, HIDEYUKI KAMANO, YASUO KATO1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 294-299
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMetal-EDTA complexes and related compounds were oxidized by ozone, and the destruction rates of chelates were obtained over a wide range of pH values.
The degradation of EDTA was initiated by the electrophilic attack of ozone on the nitrogen lone pair. Therefore, the reactivity of EDTA chelates was strongly affected by the conditional stability constant, K, which was related to the availability of the nitrogen lone pair.
In the range of K < about 1 × 104, the formation of the coordinate bond was not sufficiently strong, and the degradation rate of the EDTA chelates was nearly equal to that of free EDTA. In the range of K > 105, however, the degradation rate of the EDTA chelates decreased with an increase in the stability constant.
The removal rate of metals from EDTA, NTA and IDA complexes decreased with an increase in the number of coordination sites per ligand. Approximately two molecules of ozone were needed to destruct one coordination site of each ligand.View full abstractDownload PDF (420K) -
TSUTOMU HIROSE, TAKATOSHI MINODA1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 300-306
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA set of differential equations describing the material balance of PSA operated at periodic steady state was expanded into a power series of small value of λ (= KAatc/ρs) and the following solution was derived for the average concentration of product CA1 and its swing ΔCA1.
CA1= C(0)A1(1 + λ2H(2)), ΔCA1=λC(O)A1=M(1)
in which
C(0)A1 = (1 -η)/(1 -ηpD/PA), η = (1-E1)/(1 -E1uA/uD)
M(1) = (1 -pD/pA)(1 - E2)/(KA/KD + uA/uD)
In E1 = - (KAamL/uA)/(1-uA/uD)/(1+ KA/KD)
lnE2=- (KAamL/uA)(KA/KD + uA/uD)/(1 + KA/KD)
and H(2) is a function given in the text. Parameters KAa, L, m, p, u and ρs, respectively, are overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient, column length, adsorption coefficient, pressure, superficial gas velocity and bulk density. Subscripts A and D, respectively, refer to adsorption and desorption steps. The present analysis holds when λ<2 and the term λ2H(2) can be neglected when λ<0.5.View full abstractDownload PDF (455K) -
YOSHITAKE SUZUKI, YASUSHI TAKEUCHI1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 307-311
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe equilibrium amounts adsorbed onto activated carbon from aqueous solutions of several aromatic acids, i.e., weak electrolytes, were measured at various pH values. The results are correlated by a rather simple equation which takes into account the acid-dissociation constant and assumes that the bi-component adsorption equilibrium of molecules and ions can be expressed by the Radke and Prausnitz model with the Freundlich equation for each single component.View full abstractDownload PDF (379K) -
KAZUHARU YOSHIZUKA, KAZUO KONDO, FUMIYUKI NAKASHIO1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 312-318
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a membrane extractor using a hollow fiber, the effects of interfacial reaction on the rates of extraction and stripping were studied, using the extraction system of copper and N-8-quinolyl-p-dodecylbenzenesulfonamide.
It was found that the experimental results could be explained by a diffusion model for metal extraction with an interfacial reaction, taking account of the velocity distributions of the aqueous and organic solutions through the inner and outer sides of a hollow fiber.
It is suggested that the membrane extractor using a hollow fiber can be used as an experimental apparatus for studying the kinetics and mechanism of metal extraction or stripping.View full abstractDownload PDF (500K) -
SEUNG JAI KIM, JOON Ho HA1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 319-325
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe flow in the annulus of a water spouted bed of small glass particles 0.574mm and 0.964mm in diameter is studied in a cylindrical half-column 90 mm in diameter.
An axisymmetric model of flow, which assumes Darcy flow in the annulus and uses the experimental spoutannulus interfacial boundary condition, predicts the annulus fluid streamlines of fine particle beds well.
The model calculations show that the average fluid velocity at the top of the annulus decreases as particle size and bed height decrease and the fluid residence time distribution in the annulus is broad.
Particles are observed entering the spout primarily near the spout inlet in agreement with the predicted axial voidage profile in the spout.View full abstractDownload PDF (558K) -
HIDEKI TSUGE, PETER RÜDIN, ROLAND KAMMEL1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 326-330
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA two-stage bubble formation model is presented for constant-flow conditions to predict the size of bubbles formed at a single downward-facing nozzle submerged in liquids or liquid metals.
Agreement between results calculated by this model and experimental data for water was fairly good over a wide range of experimental conditions, but not good for copper melt. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
YASUO HATATE, HIROSHI NOMURA, TAKANORI FUJITA, SHUICHI TAJIRI, ATSUSHI ...1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 330-335
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGas holdups and pressure drops of gas-liquid-solid cocurrent three-phase flow containing fine solid particles of 30, 60 and 100μm average size were measured in horizontal tubes and the following results were obtained.
(1) Gas holdups at the conditions of homogeneous slurry flow are the same as those of gas-liquid two-phase flow. However, the heterogeneity of slurry flow reduces the gas holdup. Considering these aspects, a gas holdup correlation of gas-liquid-solid three-phase horizontal flow is proposed to correlate the data over a wide range of operating conditions.
(2) Pressure drops of gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow in horizontal tubes are more considerably influenced by solid intermixing than those in vertical tubes. A correlation to describe the pressure drop of gas-liquid-solid three-phase horizontal flow is proposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (443K) -
CHUNG-SUNG TAN1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 335-338
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (252K) -
TERUO TAKAHASHI, TOSHIRO MIYAHARA, TATSUMI TANO, YASUHARU AKAGI1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 339-341
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (211K) -
KOZO KOIDE, MAKOTO TERASAWA, HIROSHI TAKEKAWA1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 341-344
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (287K) -
KOHEI OGAWA, CHIAKI KURODA, SHIRO YOSHIKAWA1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 345-347
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (238K) -
TADASHI SHIROTSUKA, KAORU ONOE, AYUMU YOKOYAMA1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 347-349
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (201K) -
HIROYASU SEKO, YOSHIKAZU TOKUDA, MANABU MATSUOKA1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 350-352
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (239K) -
MASASHI MITANI1986 Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 353-355
Published: August 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (180K)
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