JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN

A WAY OF PATTERN ANALYSIS OF TURBULENT STRUCTURE OF LOW-FREQUENCY 3EDDY-GROUP IN A CIRCULAR PIPE FLOW

KOHEI OGAWA, CHIAKI KURODA, SHIRO YOSHIKAWA

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 111-117
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.111

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Turbulent axial velocity fluctuations at sixteen radial positions in a circular pipe are measured simultaneously, and contour line maps of the velocity are drawn in time-radial position coordinates. On the basis of these maps, the change in velocity radial distribution with time is regarded as a pattern, and the time- and space-scales of the lowerfrequency eddy-group which is predicted to influence the diffusion of fluid element are discussed. By a statistical method based on pattern analysis, the radial distribution of averaged space-scales of eddies is obtained. Additionally, smaller eddies which cannot be found by the statistical method are extracted through direct reading from the contour line maps, and the usefulness of regarding the turbulent flow field as a pattern is made clear.

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FORMATION OF NICKEL CONCENTRATION PROFILE IN NICKEL/ALUMINA CATALYST DURING POST-IMPREGNATION DRYING

YOSHIMITSU UEMURA, YASUO HATATE, ATSUSHI IKARI

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 117-123
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.117

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Nickel concentration profiles were studied for impregnated nickel/alumina catalysts prepared by impregnating two types of spherical aluminas with nickel (II) chloride aqueous solution and applying a wide range of postimpregnation drying conditions. Migration of nickel (II) ion towards the outer surface of alumina occurred during post-impregnation drying. The fraction of migrated nickel (II) ion increased with increase of the constant drying rate, and was held at a constant value, 0.5, at values of the constant drying rate larger than 2 × 10^-4kg•m-^-2•^-1.
A model of solute migration during post-impregnation drying, combining solution movement by a capillary force with solute diffusion, was proposed. The observed nickel concentration profiles of the nickel/alumina catalysts showed good agreement with the results calculated by the model over the whole range of drying conditions.

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ANALYSIS OF KINETIC BEHAVIOR OF TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE WATER-ABSORBING HYDROGEL

XIA HUANG, HAJIME UNNO, TAKASHI AKEHATA, OKIHIKO HIRASA

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 123-128
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.123

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Kinetic behavior of a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing gel was analyzed experimentally by using a newly developed water-absorbing polyvinylmethylether gel (PVMEG). The gel showed a volume change phenomenon responding to a temperature change across the temperature of 310 K. It swelled and shrank respectively below and above the transition temperature. A simple mathematical model for the kinetic behavior of the gel is presented and it is found that the simulated behavior of the gel fits very well with the experimental results by employing appropriate values for the parameters included in the model.

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EFFECT OF CONTROLLED PULSATION ON AXISYMMETRIC JET BEHAVIOR

TADACHIKA SENO, SHIZUO KAGEYAMA, RYUZO ITO

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 128-133
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.128

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Axisymmetric jets have been observed to investigate the effect of controlled pulsation on the behavior of vortex rings by using the hydrogen bubble technique and hot-film measurement. Pulsed jets had similar velocity profiles in the initial region and in the fully developed region. This similar velocity profile was coincident with that in natural jets. The differences between the two kinds of jets in volume rate, in decay of centerline velocity and in distribution of turbulent intensity, were observed to be remarkable in the initial region. Such differences were caused by the different behavior of vortex rings in the initial region. Behavior of vortex rings in the initial region of pulsed jets was roughly classified into three types by Strouhal number, Sr₀ (Sr₀ ⟨ 0.9, 0.9 ≤ Sr₀ ⟨ 2.6, Sr₀ ≥ 2.6). It was found that the pulsation for Sr₀ = 0.3 was the most dispersive wave in a jet column.

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EFFECT OF INERT PARTICLE CONCENTRATION ON MASS TRANSFER BETWEEN PARTICLES AND LIQUID IN SOLID-LIQUID TWO-PHASE UPFLOW THROUGH VERTICAL TUBES AND IN STIRRED TANKS

KEN-ICHI KIKUCHI, YUSUKE TADAKUMA, TAKUO SUGAWARA, HIROYASU OHASHI

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 134-140
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.134

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Mass transfer coefficients between particles and liquid in the region of high particle concentration were obtained by the use of both active and inert particles suspended in solid-liquid two-phase upflow through vertical tubes and in stirred tanks. When adding inert particles of low density such as polystyrene and anion-exchange resin beads, mass transfer coefficients decreased with increasing particle concentration, remarkably above concentrations from 20 to 30%. Meanwhile, the coefficients increased in two-phase tube flow and decreased in stirred tanks when using glass beads. The experimental results were correlated with parameters including (1) the kinematic viscosity of slurry and (2) the effective energy dissipation rate, based on the concept that only a part of the energy supplied contributes to the mass transfer. The first method was successfully applied only to the system containing low-density particles, and the second to systems having either high- or low-density particles. The effectiveness of energy dissipation on mass transfer at high particle concentration is discussed in some detail.

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ENHANCED PERMEATION OF HYDROCARBONS THROUGH LIQUID MEMBRANES BY LIPOPHILIC SURFACTANTS

SATORU KATO, JUNJIRO KAWASAKI

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 140-145
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.140

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Batch extraction experiments on liquid membrane permeation were conducted in a stirring vessel to separate aromatics from five-component hydrocarbon mixtures in the presence of lipophilic surfactants added in solvent phase. The lipophilic surfactants served to make emulsion drops smaller and enhanced the permeation rates of each permeate greatly. As the results of the use of a lipophilic surfactant, both a benzene yield of 98 % and a separation factor of 210 for benzene in reference to n-hexane were obtained at 1.5 minutes.

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EFFECT OF A RADIATION SHIELD ON SILICON CZ GROWTH

TAKAO TSUKADA, NOBUYUKI IMAISHI, MITSUNORI HOZAWA, KATSUHIKO FUJINAWA

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 146-151
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.146

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For silicon CZ crystal growth, the effect of inserting a radiation shield into the furnace on the temperature profile in the melt and crystal and on the shape of the melt/crystal interface was studied theoretically by use of finite element analysis based on the conduction-dominated model.
It was found that inserting a radiation shield makes the interface shape less convex to the crystal in comparison with that without the shield except for the initial stage. Also, with use of a short radiation shield there is a possibility of obtaining a higher pull rate because the temperature gradient near the interface becomes steeper than that without the shield.

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FORMATION OF PELLET FLOGS FROM KAOLINE SUSPENSION AND THEIR PROPERTIES

Ko HIGASHITANI, TETSUYA SHIBATA, HIROYUKI KAGE, YOSHIZO MATSUNO

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 152-157
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.152

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Kaoline suspensions of 7.5 kg/m³ are flocculated by consecutive dosage of inorganic salt and nonionic polymer flocculant and the properties of floes are investigated. It is found that four different types of floes are possibly formed: microflocs, small and large pellet-floes, and bulky floes; and that the formation of pellet-floes depends on the polymer concentration, the stirring intensity, the stirring time and the way of stirring. Pellet-floes are found to have the following features: (a) the size is large and the shape is nearly spherical; (b) the effective density is nearly constant independently of the floe size, and so the sedimentation velocity is extremely large compared with that of microflocs; (c) the filtration resistance of the filter cake is very small; (d) the drying time of the filter cake is as short as that of microflocs; and (e) the total dehydration time of small pellet-floes is the shortest.

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DEVELOPMENT OF NEW SURFACTANT FOR LIQUID SURFACTANT MEMBRANE PROCESS

MASAHIRO GOTO, MICHIAKI MATSUMOTO, KAZUO KONDO, FUMIYUKI NAKASHIO

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 157-164
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.157

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To obtain more stable W/O emulsion for liquid surfactant membrane technique, a series of glutamic acid dialkyl esters and dialkyl type quaternary ammonium salts as new surfactants in place of Span 80 and polyamine were synthesized.
The adsorption equilibria between aqueous solution and organic solution containing the synthesized surfactants were elucidated and the stability of liquid surfactant membrane made of these surfactants was examined in a stirred tank.
A series of synthesized surfactants having two long alkyl chains in hydrophobic site gave more stable emulsion at a lower concentration compared with Span 80 and polyamine. Among them, glutamic acid dioleyl ester formed the most stable emulsion.

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DEVELOPMENT OF A COM FILER-TYPE SIMULATOR FOR PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO OXYGEN ENRICHMENT IN AIR

MASARU ISHIDA, KEI TAKEUCHI

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 164-172
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.164

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A PSA compiler is proposed. To cover various types of combination of columns, it has new commands relevant to PSA operation such as single-column modules and coupled-column modules. It also has commands for specifying conditions, managing column allocation and displaying outputs. The user describes the system structure and operating conditions by these commands, and the compiler interprets his program and returns the data that he wants. Hence he can investigate the effect of various manipulating variables as well as various system structures promptly. Up to six components, eight columns and four kinds of adsorbents in each column can be treated. In spite of such high flexibility, this compiler is implemented in a personal computer for handiness.
Oxygen enrichment in air by a triple-column PSA is simulated for two different types of column combinations.

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ENTRANCE REGION FLOW OF FALLING LIQUID FILMS IN INCLINED WETTED-WALL COLUMNS WITH AN OVERFLOW-TYPE DISTRIBUTOR

HARUO HIKITA, KOSAKU ISHIMI, SADATOSHI KOROYASU, TAKAHIRO NAKAI

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 172-176
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.172

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Entrance region flow of falling liquid films in inclined wetted-wall columns with an overflow-type distributor was investigated theoretically and experimentally. The equations of motion based on boundary layer approximations were solved for the wave-free laminar flow of falling liquid films and a numerical solution was obtained for the dimensionless thickness of the falling liquid film, i.e., the Galileo number as a function of the liquid Reynolds number, the dimensionless distance in flow direction, and the angle of inclination of the wetted-wall plate. The liquid film thicknesses of water and aqueous sucrose solutions on inclined wetted-wall plates were measured and compared with theoretical predictions. The agreement between experimental data and theoretical predictions was fairly good in the wave-free entrance region of the falling liquid films.

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EXTRACTION OF MOLYBDENUM AND VANADIUM FROM HYDROCHLORIC ACID BY TRI-n-BUTYL PHOSPHATE IN VARIOUS DILUENT SOLUTIONS

ISAO KOMASAWA, HIROYUKI HOSOBA, NOBUHIRO KUROKAWA, TSUTAO OTAKE

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 176-182
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.176

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The mechanism of extraction was studied, employing several diluents with differing electron-accepting properties. For molybdenum, from 3-7 mol/l acid, the following formulation holds for all diluents and over the whole range of loading ratio of TBP.
2TBP+MoO₂²⁺+2CL^-=(TBP)₂MoO₂CL₂ K_ex
The extraction constants are 4.42 for n-heptane, 1.50 for xylene and 0.0114 for chloroform at low loading. They start to decrease sharply at medium and high loading. This is caused by the variation of properties of the organic solution due to the presence of the excessive amount of organic molybdenum.
For vanadium, from 2-5 mol/l acid, the following formulations hold in the range observed.
4TBP+VO²⁺+H⁺+3CL^-=(TBP)₄VO(HCL)CL₂ K_ex.1
4TBP+VO²+2CL^-=(TBP)₄VOCL₂ K_ex.2
The constants are K_{ex, 1} = 1.41 × 10^-5 and K_{ex, 2}=9.19 × 10^-5 in xylene diluent. They remain constant in the range of normal operation, since the extractability of TBP for this metal is very low.

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SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESS FOR SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF MOLYBDENUM AND VANADIUM BY TRI-n-BUTYL PHOSPHATE IN XYLENE

ISAO KOMASAWA, HIROYUKI HOSOBA, TSUTAO OTAKE

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 183-185
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.183

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A SIMPLIFIED METHOD OF ESTIMATING MASS AND HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS FOR TURBULENT GAS STREAMS IN WETTED-WALL COLUMNS

HARUO HIKITA, KOSAKU ISHIMI

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 185-188
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.185

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CHARACTERISTIC FLOW BEHAVIOR OF HIGH SWIRLING JET IN A CIRCULAR VESSEL

CHIAKI KURODA, KOHEI OGAWA

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 188-190
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.188

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THE CONTROLLING QUANTITY IN CUBIC EQUATION OF STATE FOR HEAT OF VAPORIZATION CALCULATIONS

YOSHINORI ADACHI, HIDEZUMI SUGIE

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 190-192
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.190

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EFFECT OF STABILIZING ADDITIVES ON THE STABILITY OF COAI-WATER MIXTURES

HIROMOTO USUI, KEI-ICHIRO MACHIBARA, YUJI SANO

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 192-195
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.192

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MULTICOMPONENT PRODUCTS SEPARATION PROCESS SYNTHESIS WITH SEPARATION SHARPNESS

MASAAKI MURAKI, TOYOHIKO HAYAKAWA

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 195-198
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.195

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CORRELATION OF ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM DATA OF VOLATILE CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS TO ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS BY THE DUBININ-ASTAKHOV EQUATION

AKIYOSHI SAKODA, KUNITARO KAWAZOE, MOTOYUKI SUZUKI

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 199-200
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.199

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EFFECT OF SHAPE OF BAFFLE PLATES AND MESH AND CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF WIRE GAUZES ON GAS HOLDUP AND PRESSURE DROP IN A BUBBLE COLUMN

FUKUJI YAMASHITA

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 201-204
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.201

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EFFECTS OF VERTICAL PIPE AND ROD INTERNALS ON GAS HOLDUP IN BUBBLE COLUMNS

FUKUJI YAMASHITA

1987 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 204-206
Published: April 20, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.20.204

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