巻号一覧
24 巻 (1991)
- 6 号 p. 703-
- 5 号 p. 553-
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24 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の20件中1～20を表示しています
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J. K. Lee, K. H. Lee, J. G. Jang, Y. S. Shin, H. S. Chun1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 703-708
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーOperating and design parameters which give the significant effect on the performance of the two-stage swirl-flow fluidized bed combustor were discussed. The combustion experiments of anthracite coal with a wide size distribution were carried out to investigate the influence of the various parameters on the performance in the laboratory scale combustor. The parameters considered were swirler nozzle diameter, number of swirler nozzles, combustor diameter of the upper stage and swirler nozzle velocity. The trapping rate of fines in the upper stage increased with reducing the swirler nozzle diameter and with increasing the number of swirler nozzles and the combustor diameter of the upper stage. At constant superficial gas velocity for the upper bed, the trapping rate of fines in the upper stage showed a maximum at the swirler nozzle velocity between 18 m/s and 24 m/s. The combustion efficiency improved as the result of the increase in the trapping rate and of the decrease in the carryover rate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (814K) -
Keiichi Kato, Nobuyuki Yamasaki, Norikazu Ii1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 709-714
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of the preparation conditions of W/O/W emulsion on the NAD+-recycling reaction catalysed by yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) encapsulated in W/O/W emulsion were experimentally studied. The main results were as follows. 1) The first-stage emulsifying agent, such as Span80, protects the enzyme from enzymatic activity loss which is caused when the enzyme is subject to the shearing force of a homomixer or is in contact with an organic agent during preparation of the emulsion. 2) Addition of soybean lecithin or cholesterol to Span80 makes W/O/W emulsion rigid and stable. Moreover, the additives increase the reaction rate of enzymatic NAD+-recycling. 3) Addition of soybean lecithin increases the stability of the enzyme in the emulsion. 4) Apparent enzymatic reaction rate in the emulsion depends on the solubilities of ethanol and acetaldehyde in the oil phase of the emulsion.
It is suggested that enzymatic activity is enhanced by the interaction between the phospholipid of lecithin and the enzyme which is in the lipid membrane of the W/O/W emulsion, and also by the localization of enzymes or substrates in the compartment of the microenvironment of the emulsion. It is also pointed out that the study of enzyme-containing emulsion may be useful as a model of a membrane-bound enzyme or a multi-enzyme system in a living cell.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1401K) -
Tadafumi Adschiri, Shinji Abe, Kunio Arai1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 715-720
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーThis paper describes the mechanism of supercritical toluene (or toluene–tetralin mixture) extraction of coal. The effects of solvent power and solvent residence time in the cell on conversion and liquid yield were examined by using a two-stage extraction method: extraction at various conditions followed by high-solvent power extraction. The effect of tetralin addition on supercritical toluene extraction was also investigated by this method. Furthermore, in situ ESR measurement was conducted to evaluate the variation of radical concentration during supercritical fluid extraction. From these detailed analyses the effects of the solvent power of supercritical fluid on the reactions during extraction, namely on decomposition and polymerization of the primary products from coal decomposition, and on stabilization of the radicals through hydrogen transfer reaction were evaluated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (827K) -
Masamichi Yoshida, Hironobu Imakoma, Morio Okazaki1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 720-726
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーA new method is proposed for determining diffusivity from experiments in desorption of a component migrating through a medium such as solution and porous solid. In this analysis the equation representing the desorption from a plane sheet whose surface concentration is zero is solved numerically to establish an expression describing the process. Thus it becomes possible to deduce the concentration dependence of the diffusivity for a wide range of concentrations from a single desorption experiment. Application of this method to desorption rate curves obtained numerically shows that the method has good practicality when the diffusivity increases with concentration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (916K) -
Tamotsu Hanzawa, Hai Tian Yu, Yu-Tien Hsiao, Noboru Sakai1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 726-730
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーTo investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a package in a refrigerating room with downflow, the temperature distribution and heat transfer coefficient were measured in the case where one wall of the vertical duct was isothermally heated and gas flowed downward through the duct in the laminar flow range as a model of the package wall in a refrigerating room.
The temperature distribution is nearly uniform except near the heated surface and confront plate. The cross-sectional temperature gradient near the heated surface becomes steep with decreasing Reynolds number of the ambient fluid. The effect of free convection on average Nusselt number is large in the range of low Reynolds number and becomes small with increasing Reynolds number. An empirical equation for heat transfer was obtained within the operating conditions of this experiment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (608K) -
Takayuki Hirai, Isao Komasawa1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 731-736
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーExtraction and separation of rare-earth elements by tri-n-octylmethylammonium nitrate (TOMAN) and β-diketone (α-acetyl-m-dodecylacetophenone: LIX54) in the presence of water-soluble complexing agent (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid: EDTA) was investigated. All EDTA make 1:1 complex with rare earth, and only free (not complexed) rare-earth ions can take part in the extraction. Although the distribution ratio of the metals decreases by addition of EDTA, the separation factor increases since extractability of the heavier rare earth is further reduced by formation of inactive EDTA complex. The effect of EDTA on the separation factor can be predicted using the distribution ratio of each element in the absence of EDTA, the ratio of stability constants of the complexes and the feed concentration of the species. Separation and recovery of rare-earth elements from the aqueous raffinate solution was feasible by extraction of metals using tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP) in acidic conditions. Simulation of Nd/Pr separation by continuous counter-current batteries showed that Pr was highly purified by addition of EDTA in aqueous phase.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (857K) -
Atsushi Suzuki, Tetsuo Fuchino, Masaaki Muraki, Toyohiko Hayakawa1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 737-742
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーIn the planning of multi-floor chemical batch plants, consideration of various preferences about equipment arrangement is necessary because of the amount of manual operation involved. These preferences are generally expressed as equations that change with conditions, and it is not easy to find the optimum equipment arrangement. In this proposed method for equipment arrangement, “components,” the elements of arrangement, are made up of equipment units of common size or parts of large ones, and are respectively assigned to “positions” given at each floor. Preferences are expressed as items that are weighted according to preferable configurations between components. The objective function is the summation of weights of unsatisfied preferences. This problem is represented by an integer programming model resulting from the input of many considerations, including for example the introduction of dummy variables. An explanation of the formulation and its effectiveness is illustrated by example problems.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (793K) -
Kenji Kawasaki, Akira Matsuda, Yuichi Mizukawa1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 743-748
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーExcess activated sludge is very difficult to be filtered, but its solid–liquid separation characteristics can be improved by a freezing-and-thawing process. In this study, centrifugal and the gravitational settling experiments were done by using unfrozen and frozen activated sludges.
An equation for the average solid compressive pressure ((ps)av) in the sediment zone was derived, based on the general equation for the local compression characteristics of a solid–liquid mixture. Also, the relationship between (ps)av and the average porosity ((εs)av) in the sediment zone (1 – (εs)av) = E(ps)avβ; E and β = constants) was confirmed by centrifugal and the gravitational settling experiments.
The order of magnitude of (ε)av was unfrozen sample < fast-frozen sample < slow-frozen sample. This order was consistent with that of the average specific filtration resistance obtained from the constant-pressure filtration experiments reported in a previous paper.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (757K) -
Atsushi Hashimoto, Kotaro Hirota, Taijiro Honda, Masaru Shimizu, Atsuo ...1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 748-755
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーThe present study aims at gaining a good understanding of the mechanism of infrared radiation drying of a wet granular bed in the constant-rate period. Our attention was focussed on the factors influencing the constant drying rate of a granular bed irradiated by infrared radiation. As the variables, the conditions of the granular bed (emissivity of the powder materials and the particle size of the powders) and the radiative heat source (the spectral distribution of irradiation power) were examined. Infrared radiation drying of the granular bed was performed and the heat transfer model in the constant-rate period was studied. The constant drying rate was calculated by using the model. The calculated results were quantitatively compared with the experimental results, and agreed consistently with the latter by taking account of the spectral distribution of absorption of irradiation power by the granular bed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1033K) -
Yoshimi Seida, Yoshio Nakano1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 755-760
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーThe transport of ions inside polymer gel in an electric field was investigated experimentally and theoretically using two kinds of nonionic gels of different bridge formation, containing electrolyte (salt) solution (Na2SO4 or KNO3). The change of pH, concentration of salt and electric potential distribution inside the gel were measured. A mathematical model of diffusion and migration of ions was developed to predict the behavior of ions inside the gels in an electric field. Experimental results were well predicted by this model. The diffusion coefficients of ions inside the gels were also determined by fitting the results of calculation with experimental data, and the values were smaller than those in solution. It is considered that the decrease in diffusion coefficients in the gels depends on the tortuosity of diffusion path based on the tridimensional network structure of the gels. The tortuosities of polyacrylamide (PAcAm) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gels were calculated as 2.8–3.1 and 2.5–2.6 respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (764K) -
Seung Tae Koh, Setsuro Hiraoka, Yutaka Tada, Tsutomu Aragaki, Toshihar ...1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 760-766
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーJet flow in a mixing vessel equipped with a nozzle rotating around an inner shaft which has the same axis as the vessel was visualized with a tracer technique. The expanding jet angle was measured to be 21°–24° regardless of the jet flow rate. The effects of the angle, rotating speed and direction of rotation of the nozzle on the flow pattern was observed, and the relation of flow pattern to mixing time was evaluated in reference to the measured mixing time reported in our previous paper. The minimum dimensionless mixing time occurred when the streak line of the jet turned smoothly from the radial direction to the tangential one by the rotation of the inner shaft, without impingement of the jet on the vessel wall.
To estimate the flow pattern under optional conditions, a correlation equation of the streak line of the jet was derived theoretically from the differential equations of the radial and tangential velocity components of the jet.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (836K) -
Masahiro Kato, Kazunori Aizawa, Takashi Kanahira, Tomoki Ozawa1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 767-771
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーA new experimental method of vapor–liquid equilibria at high pressures for binary systems which requires no analysis of phase compositions is proposed in the present study. The equilibrium vapor and liquid compositions can be evaluated by combining a couple of data at the same temperature and pressure, based on mass balance and the phase rule. A new apparatus for vapor–liquid equilibria at high pressures was constructed for use with the present experimental method. Vapor–liquid equilibria and saturated densities at high pressures were measured for the carbon dioxide–acetone system at 298.15 K. The experimental data obtained were correlated with the pseudocubic perturbed hard-sphere equation of state proposed previously.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (588K) -
Kanji Miyabe, Motoyuki Suzuki1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 772-777
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーA simple method for the estimation of an adsorption isotherm based on the analysis of an experimental desorption curve was studied. As an adsorption isotherm, the Toth equation was employed. Two simple methods taking into account the effect of a mass transfer rate were proposed. In the two methods, however, concentration dependence of an overall mass transfer coefficient on the amount adsorbed was neglected. The two methods and the equilibrium desorption method were applied to several liquid phase adsorption systems to determine adsorption isotherms. It was concluded that the two methods proposed here gave adsorption isotherms within about 2% error in most cases, and that the accuracy of the equilibrium desorption method was insufficient in a case where the value of the dimensionless longitudinal distance or bed length (Z) is small. The conditions under that the equilibrium desorption method can he used were clarified by analyzing theoretical desorption curves numerically calculated. The error of the equilibrium desorption method is governed by the combination of the dimensionless equilibrium and kinetic parameters r, Z and Toth equation parameter t. The error decreases as non-linearity of an adsorption isotherm is emphasized, and as the value of Z increases. By using the three methods properly according to the experimental conditions, an adsorption isotherm can be estimated within about 2% error. Only two preliminary data, namely one desorption curve and one pulse response curve, are required.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (855K) -
Mikio Takemoto, Tomonori Terasawa, Yasuhisa Hayashi1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 778-783
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーAn advanced monitoring and inversion processing system of elastic waves was applied to elucidate the microkinetics of hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) of low alloy steel. The developed system enables the source waves to be obtained by the de-convolution integral of detected surface displacement by the theoretical second kind Green’s function. Absolute calibration of displacement-type sensor, the radiation pattern of P-wave and the waveform distortion by the reflected waves were carefully examined. It was found that about sixty percent of the detected waves during HAC test were produced by a pure Mode-I cracking, and could be inversion processed in time domain. The obtained source waves suggested that the transgranular cracks with diameter of a few ten micrometers were generated within a few micro-seconds. The growth rate of brittle micro-cracks in segregated MnS band sandwitched by dimple fracture, in front of advancing macro-scopic crack where the highest hydrostatic pressure exists, was estimated to be 30 m/sec at the maximum.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1224K) -
Hiroyuki Kurata, Minoru Seki, Shintaro Furusaki, Tsutomu Furuya1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 783-788
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of light on caffeine production by Coffea arabica cells was investigated using chemical actinometry for the purpose of industrial application of plant cell cultures. Caffeine production by the Coffea arabica cells was greatly increased by light. About a six-day irradiation period was required to increase the caffeine production in a batch culture. Caffeine production significantly increased at a low light irradiation rate of 0.11 J/L/s. Meanwhile, cell growth was suppressed by increasing the irradiation rate. Maximum production was achieved at a moderate irradiation rate of 0.70 J/L/s in a 20-day batch culture. It was shown there was a light irradiation rate that optimized production. Since long-term continuous light greatly suppressed cell growth, the culture was divided into two stages: the production period in the light and the growth period in the dark. The high production and good growth were maintained for 65 days.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (785K) -
Kohei Ogawa, Shiro Yoshikawa, Jun Sug Lee1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 788-793
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーAn electrochemical method is applied for estimating and characterizing the velocity gradient and the mass transfer rate in a packed bed. The bed is a simple regular packing arrangement of spheres, surrounded with randomly packed spheres. The objects of study are four types of regular arrangement of spheres. The Reynolds number based on superficial velocity and particle diameter is varied in 30–200. The probe sphere is one of the regularly arranged spheres. It has five small polarized circular electrodes which are flush with the probe sphere surface. Local velocity gradient on the surface of the probe sphere is measured and is represented by a form of contour-line map. Based on this map, the effects of packing arrangement and Reynolds number on the fluid behavior and the mass transfer coefficient are made clear.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (936K)
Short Communications
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Yoshihiro Iida, Kentarou Tsutsui, Reiko Ishii, Yoshiaki Yamada1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 794-796
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (416K) -
Takahiro Suzuki, Kazuhisa Ohtaguchi, Kozo Koide1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 797-798
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (266K) -
Takehiko Gotoh, Hiroyuki Honda, Naohiro Shiragami, Hajime Unno1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 799-801
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (375K) -
Yoshio Iwai, Takashi Shimizu, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Yasuhiko Arai1991 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 801-804
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/03/20
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (374K)
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