巻号一覧
28 巻 (1995)
- 6 号 p. 651-
- 5 号 p. 501-
- 4 号 p. 361-
- 3 号 p. 245-
- 2 号 p. 137-
- 1 号 p. 1-
28 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の19件中1～19を表示しています
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Original Papers
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Adsorption Equilibria of Benzene on Activated Carbon in the Presence of Supercritical Carbon DioxideHideki Shojibara, Yoshiyuki Sato, Shigeki Takishima, Hirokatsu Masuoka1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 245-249
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーThe adsorption equilibrium loadings of benzene on Toyo Calgon’s BPL activated carbon in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide were measured by time integration of the breakthrough curves at temperatures of 313.2 and 333.2 K and pressures from 0.99 to 11.87MPa. The benzene loadings were observed to decrease with increasing pressure, even at low pressures far below the critical point, implying the effect of carbon dioxide adsorption over the amount of adsorbed benzene and solvent power of carbon dioxide. The equilibrium data were correlated by the Dubinin-Astakhov equation. Inclusion of pressure dependence in two parameters was found to be necessary in order to apply the pure component Dubinin-Astakhov equation to the studied system.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (638K) -
Akihiro Matsuura, Hajime Nakamura, Setsuro Hiraoka, Yutaka Tada, Yoshi ...1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 250-256
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーGas-liquid turbulent two phase flow along a vertical flat plate with gas evolution was numerically simulated with a two-fluid model and Plandtl’s mixing length theory using the SIMPLER method. The calculation domain was assumed to be two-dimensional and gas bubbles to be evolved uniformly from the plate surface. The computed velocity profiles were affected by void fraction on the wall and the bubble diameters, but not by the bubble departure velocity from the plate surface. Both the gas and liquid velocity profiles and the computed wall shear stress with the present model were qualitatively and quantitatively coincident with those measured using LDV for the vertical flat plate electrode with H2 or O2 gas evolution.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (950K) -
Tae-Dong Kim, Naohiro Shiragami, Hajime Unno1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 257-262
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーThe virus removal process from the liquid phase in an activated sludge basin possibly consists of physicochemical processes, such as adsorption onto sludge flocs, biological processes such as microbial predation and inactivation by virucidal components excreted by microbes. To describe properly the virus behavior in an activated sludge basin, a simple model is proposed based on the experimental data obtained using a poliovirus type I. A three-compartments model, which includes the virus in the liquid phase and in the peripheral and inner regions of sludge flocs is employed. By using the model, the virus removal process was successfully simulated to highlight the implication of its distribution in the activated sludge basin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2776K) -
Hiroyuki Tanaka, Masahiro Kato1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 263-266
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーAn experimental apparatus equipped with three density meters was newly developed for measuring vapor-liquid-liquid phase separation properties at high pressures. Coexisting phase composition and saturated density of each phase can be measured by means of the present apparatus with a maximum temperature of 400 K and pressure of 20 MPa. The phase compositions of carbon dioxide + ethanol mixture and their densities at high pressures were measured at 308.15 K with the apparatus. The sensitivity and absolute reliability of the equilibrium compositions appear to be 0.0001 and 0.001 mole fractions, respectively. The accuracy of saturated densities is 0.1 kg/m3. The equilibrium compositions obtained in the present study were correlated with the pseudocubic equation of state previously proposed by the authors and the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state. Saturated densities obtained in the present study were further evaluated by the equations of state with the interaction parameters determined from vapor-liquid equilibrium data.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (567K) -
Takao Kokugan, Kaseno, Tetsuya Takada, Masaru Shimizu1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 267-273
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーWe proposed a new measuring method of the binding constant KB, by proving that the inclusion degree α in a host-guest reaction is equal to the rise ratio of rejection η in ultrafiltration. The KB for nitrophenol (NP) and cyclodextrin (CD) system was measured. The data were compared with those of other investigators. The KB measured by the proposed method decreased with increase in operating pressure, but a constant value of KB was obtained below a certain pressure. The pressure was nearly 1 MPa for the NP-CD system. The constant value was the equilibrium binding constant KB. With an increase in pH, the KB became large because guest molecules were charged and the anion and hydrogen bonds between host and guest molecules became strong. With a decrease in the concentration ratio ε of guest molecules to host molecules, the inclusion degree α became large, but the binding constant KB remained almost constant. After checking the validity of the new method by NP-CD system, the KB value for optical isomers of amino acids, threonine and phenylalanine, were measured to investigate whether the optically selective inclusion of guest molecules by CD was possible or not. CD, which is an optically active D-form molecule, tended to include optical L-acid rather than D-acid under the present conditions. The optimum conditions were referred to resolute optical isomers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (907K) -
Ruey-Shin Juang, Wen-Taur Huang1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 274-281
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーIn this paper, the rates of the extraction of citric acid from aqueous solutions with tri-n-octylamine dissolved in xylene were measured using a stirred membrane-based cell in the 298–328 K temperarature range. It was found that, under the conditions studied, both forward extraction and back-extraction processes were mainly controlled by chemical reactions occurring at the interface on the organic side. The intrinsic rate constants for the formation and dissociation of the acid complexes were determined and a possible reaction mechanism was proposed. The effect of temperature on the reaction kinetics was also investigated and the activation energies were thus obtained.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1066K) -
Satoru Watano, Yoshinobu Sato, Kei Miyanami1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 282-287
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーApplication of fuzzy logic to control of moisture content during fluidized bed granulation is described. To avoid overshoot and to maintain control stability, a linguistic algorithm employing IF-THEN rules, with process lag element taken into consideration, was constructed using moisture content and its changing rate as input variables. Good response and stability without overshoot, which had been impossible to attain with conventional techniques, were achieved by adopting the developed systems. This system also maintained stability by favorable response to rapid increase in fluidization air velocity during operation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4089K) -
Jun Sawai, Hideo Igarashi, Atsushi Hashimoto, Takao Kokugan, Masaru Sh ...1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 288-293
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーThe growth inhibitory effect of 26 ceramic powder slurries on bacteria was evaluated by measurement of the conductance change of the growth medium caused by bacterial metabolism (conductance method). Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were used as test bacteria. It was found that the growth of the test bacteria was inhibited by 10 ceramic powders. Magnesium oxide (MgO) and calcium oxide (CaO) powder slurries had a growth inhibitory effect on all test bacteria. In the cases of MgO, and CaO powder slurries, there was no difference in sensitivities among the test bacteria. These powder slurries exhibited bactericidal action on the test bacteria. On the other hand, the zinc oxide (ZnO) powder slurry inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria stronger than Gram-negative bacteria. The effect was bacteriostatic action. The conductance method could provide quantitative and simple evaluation of the growth inhibitory effect of ceramic powder slurries on bacteria, and was more applicable than the conventional methods, such as the halo test.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2605K) -
Jun Sawai, Koji Sagara, Hideo Igarashi, Atsushi Hashimoto, Takao Kokug ...1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 294-299
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーInjury in Escherichia coli irradiated by far-infrared radiation (FIR) was examined. We used penicillin G (PCG), chloramphenicol (CP), rifampicin (RFP) and nalidixic acid (NA) as selective reagents, and tried to evaluate the injury in bacteria irradiated by FIR on the basis of the changes in the sensitivity to selective reagents. The validity of this method was examined using UV pasteurization. E. coli irradiated by UV became more sensitive to CP and NA, which indicated that UV irradiation damaged nueleic acid in E. coli. This result agrees with those demonstrated by many researchers and suggests this method is applicable to useful evaluation of the damaged part in bacteria induced by stresses. E. coli irradiated by FIR became more sensitive to RFP and CP, which suggests that FIR irradiation damages RNA polymerase and ribosome in E. coli. Though similar changes in the sensitivity were obtained in the case of thermal conductive heating, the pasteurization effect of FIR irradiation was much greater than that of conductive heating.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (866K) -
Toshiyuki Yokota, Shinji Suzuki1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 300-305
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーA radiation model has been developed to estimate light energy absorbed in a photoreactor with multiple lamps. In this study a diffused line source emission model is adopted and a light path length distribution is used for computing the light absorption rate. The results of computation were confirmed to be adequate by chemical actinometric experiments.
The optimum lamp location in a photoreactor with n lamps in symmetry is determined to attain the maximum average light intensity. As a rule of thumb, the optimum ratio of the distance between the lamp center and the reactor center to the reactor radius is 1/3 for n = 2, 2/5 for n = 3, and 1/2 for n = 4.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4375K) -
Fumihide Shiraishi, Takahiro Hasegawa, Hiroyuki Nagasue1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 306-315
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーA novel numerical method, based on the combined Taylor series method with a technique for rapidly selecting suitable step sizes, is given for solving two-point boundary value problems. The differential equation for an immobilized enzyme reaction is considered as a model system. Comparisons between numerical and exact solutions for the first-order reaction show that the proposed method promises superhigh-order accuracy that is almost the same as machine accuracy over wide ranges of relevant parameters. The final value of the increment or decrement used to obtain a new estimate in the Newton-Raphson iterative scheme is found to be approximately the same as the relative error of the calculated value, which means that this final value is useful to predict the accuracy of a numerical solution of the differential equation that does not provide an analytical solution. Moreover, it is shown that the selected stepsizes are suitable values that cause little loss-of-significance errors.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1350K) -
Fumihide Shiraishi, Takahiro Hasegawa, Hiroyuki Nagasue1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 316-323
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーAccuracies of the numerical solution of a two-point boundary value problem by the orthogonal collocation method are examined. The collocation constants for first and second derivatives are calculated by the matrix operation method (Method 1) and the method based on Lagrange’s interpolation formula (Method 2). Comparison of the calculated results shows that Method 1 produces marked loss-of-significance errors with increasing number of collocation points, N. These values are used to solve the two-point boundary value problem concerning an immobilized enzyme reaction, and then to calculate the effectiveness factor. These numerical solutions are compared with those of the previously proposed method that provides a numerical solution whose accuracy is almost the same as machine accuracy. It is found that Method 1 provides a numerical solution of significantly low accuracy under the condition of steep concentration gradient and this is never improved, even if N is increased, while Method 2 gives highly accurate values by simply increasing N. These tendencies are shown to depend strongly on the accuracies of the collocation constants.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1044K) -
Hajime Tamon, Kenji Takase, Hidenori Tanaka, Hiroki Miura, Morio Okaza ...1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 324-328
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーIt is important to understand the structure formation during drying of coating layers of magnetic particulate from the viewpoint of design of dryers and better quality of magnetic recording media. Drying characteristics of coating layers containing cyclohexanone and toluene were measured, and the change of intensity of reflected light at the layer surface was determined during drying. Then, surface and inside characteristics of dry layers were evaluated by gloss measurement and nitrogen adsorption. If the initial mass fraction of toluene was less than 50 wt% in the solvent mixture, toluene shortened the drying time and did not influence the gloss and the pore volume of dry layers. The influence of drying conditions on surface and inside characteristics of dry layers was qualitatively explained based on the model previously proposed by the authors.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3064K) -
Shinya Ishigaki, Shigeo Goto1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 329-333
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーA laboratory scale flow-type reactor—a coiled tubular flow reactor (CTFR)—was designed to obtain kinetic data of three-phase reaction, at high gas and liquid velocities with long liquid contact time, as is fond in commercial reactors. Kinetic measurements with CTFR were compared to those with an improved stirred basket-type batch reactor (BTBR) to examine the presence of the external effects in CTFR such as interphase mass and heat transfer resistances, and axial dispersion. Hydrodesulfurization of straight-run light gas oil and hydrogenation of 1-methylnaphthalene were performed for the comparison. It was verified that the reaction rates without external effects can be determined using CTFR under reaction conditions where the volatility of liquid-phase components is low, because kinetic data with CTFR and BTBR closely agreed with each other in such conditions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2509K) -
Abdul Azis, Hideto Matsuyama, Masaaki Teramoto1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 334-339
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーIn relation to the separation of rare earth metal ions (M3+) by solvent extraction in the presence of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) in an aqueous phase, the rate of dissociation of rare earth metal-DTPA complex, i.e., MDTPA2– + 2H+ ↔ M3+ + H2DTPA3–, was determined by the analysis of the rate of exchange reaction between MDTPA2– and Eu3+, which is described by MDTPA2– + EU3+ ↔ EuDTPA2– + M3+ (MDTPA2–; DyDTPA2–, HoDTPA2–, TmDTPA2–). The exchange rate could be expressed by the following equation and the parameters α, β and γ in the equation were determined.
Rate = α[MDTPA2–][H+]2 + β[MDTPA2–] [EU3+] + γ[MDTPA2–][H+][EU3+]
A method for estimating approximate values of α, that is, the rate constants of proton-catalyzed dissociation of MDTPA2– for various rare earth metals was proposed. Based on the dissociation rate constants of DTPA complexes obtained, selectivities in solvent extraction in the presence of DTPA were estimated for various cases.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (864K) -
Edmond M. Hido, Yoshiyuki Bando, Makoto Nishimura1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 340-345
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーA solar air heater with a built-in net was proposed and the collection characteristics were experimentally investigated. Eight kinds of metallic nets, which had different transmissivity and opening fraction, were configured parallel in the space between the transparent cover plate and absorber. The temperature distribution within the air layer and pressure drop were measured, and the effects of the net transmissivity and opening fraction on the temperature distribution, collection efficiency and pressure drop were examined.
When the metallic net was inserted in the solar air heater, the temperature distribution within the air layer was quite different and the collection efficiency became 16 to 35% higher than those of conventional solar air heaters and solar air heaters without a net. The collection efficiency had a maximum against the net transmissivity. By changing the net setting position, the pattern of temperature distribution was much affected while the collection efficiency was hardly affected. The pressure drop in the present solar air heater was higher than those in the conventional solar air heater and the solar air heater without a net, and had a maximum against the net transmissivity, i.e. the net opening fraction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (981K)
Short Communications
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Abdulla A. Shaikh, Shareefdeen M. Zarook1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 346-348
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (464K) -
Masamichi Akimoto, Tetsuya Ohara, Kazuhisa Ohtaguchi, Kozo Koide1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 349-352
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (5582K) -
Jun Sawai, Ikue Saito, Fumio Kanou, Hideo Igarashi, Atsushi Hashimoto, ...1995 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 352-354
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2005/03/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (363K)
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