巻号一覧
34 巻, 8 号
選択された号の論文の19件中1～19を表示しています
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Thermodynamics, Physical Properties and Molecular Simulation
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SOFÍA BLANCO, INMACULADA VELASCO, EVELYNE RAUZY, SANTOS OT&Iacu ...2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 971-978
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありExperimental measurements of dew points for ternary propane + water + methanol were carried out between 0.99 × 105 Pa and 5.43 × 105 Pa and the temperature range from 254.2 K to 282.7 K. An EOS-CR method (equation of state-chemical reticular) reproduces the experimental dew temperature data within average absolute deviation (AAD) from 0.8 to 3.2 K.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (314K)
Transport Phenomena, Fluid Mechanics and Mixing
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IZUMI TANIGUCHI, JUNICHI NAKAMURA2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 1056-1060
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありNumerical analyses for mass transfer from a binary solution drop with surface mass ejection or suction are made by using a finite difference method for diagonal Schmidt number ScAA = 1−3, ScBB = 1−2, Reynolds number Rep = 10−100 and surface mass ejection or suction ratios φ = −0.23−0.21 at nondiagonal Schmidt number ScAB = 5, ScBA = 5 and driving force ratios ΔωB/ΔωA = 5. The average diffusion fluxes of a binary solution drop after due consideration of the effect of interaction between diffusion fluxes are affected by Rep, ScAA and φ. A new correlation for the average diffusion fluxes of a binary solution drop with surface mass ejection or suction is proposed in terms of multicomponent transfer numbers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (298K)
Catalysis, Kinetics and Reactor Design
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HIDETOSHI SEKIGUCHI, YOSHIHIRO SAITA2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 1045-1048
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありSonolysis is one of the techniques to destroy various organic contaminants in dilute aqueous solutions. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of alumina particles on the enhancement of sonolysis. Chlorobenzene was chosen as the model organic compound and batch experiments were carried out with 20 kHz ultrasound source. The results showed the acceleration of the decomposition rate was observed and the rate was proportional to the surface area increased by the introduction of the particles. The possible mechanisms for the enhancement were discussed including the increase in the cavitation bubbles which were produced by sonication and the decomposition took place in.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (125K)
Materials and Devices
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YUN-SUNG KIM, SHUNG-IK LEE, JUN-HEOK LIM, HAI-SOO CHUN2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 979-984
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありGrain growth of high-density material, such as metal, during sintering was generally retarded by the pinning effect of the second phase particles which were included between the matrix metal grains. Grain size of the high-density material was inversely proportional to the 0.31-1.0th order with respect to the volume fraction of the second phase particles, and the grain was maintained at a relatively smaller size than that sintered without the second phase particles.
It was investigated that the nickel grain size in the porous Ni/Ni3Al anode material for MCFC sintered for 1 hr at 900°C was inversely proportional to the 0.7th order with respect to the volume fraction of the Ni3Al intermetallics, and that the pore network in the anode was more stable than that in the pure Ni anode material by controlling the subsequent sintering process.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (971K)
Separations
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HATHAICHANOK DURIYABUNLENG, JITTIWUT PETMUNEE, CHIRAKARN MUANGNAPOH2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 985-989
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありIn the present research, microfiltration performance was remarkably improved by ultrasonic irradiation. It has been found that ultrasonically induced cavitation is effective for loosening and detaching the cake deposited on the surface of the membrane. Cross-flow microfiltration in a plate and frame module with Nylon 66 membrane was investigated using a model suspension containing baker's yeast. The factors affecting the steady-state permeate fluxes, i.e. the ultrasonic power, the transmembrane pressure, the feed velocity and the feed concentration, have been studied.The experimental results obviously showed that the suitable application of ultrasonic wave could enhance the flux up to 3 times that without ultrasonic wave. An optimum operating transmembrane pressure and the optimum ultrasonic intensity were found. In addition, the ultrasonic effect was more pronounced at a lower feed velocity and a lower feed concentration. It was confirmed that an increase of the steady-state flux was caused by a major reduction of the cake resistance.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (339K) -
GUOQING GUAN, KATSUKI KUSAKABE, SHIGEHARU MOROOKA2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 990-997
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありThe development of nitrogen-selective membranes is essential to realize a membrane process for the production of oxygen-enriched air. Zeolite membranes have potential for this purpose, while polymeric and carbon membranes are largely oxygen-selective. In this study, FAU-type zeolite membranes containing Na cations were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis on a porous α-alumina support tube. Permeation measurements for unary and binary systems for N2 and O2 were performed at 310 K. The membranes showed high permeation rates and high N2/O2 ideal separation factors for unary N2 and O2 gases. However, the separation factor was decreased when an N2-O2 mixture was fed. In order to further examine the permeation mechanism of the membranes, permeation rates were also determined for single-components of H2, CO2, CH4, n-C4H10, i-C4H10 and SF6, as well as for N2-H2, N2-CO2, and N2-n-C4H10 mixtures. The permeation properties can be classified based on competitive adsorptivity and diffusivity in the zeolitic pores. Ion-exchange and impregnation with Li cations were not greatly effective in increasing the N2/O2 separation factor of the membrane.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (871K) -
HAJIME TAMON, YOSHIHITO SUEOKA, NORIAKI SANO, WIWUT TANTHAPANICHAKOON, ...2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 1006-1011
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありTrimethylamine, one component of malodorous gases from crematory emission, was removed by a corona-discharge reactor to apply the reactor to purification of crematory emission gas. The effects of discharge current and coexisting oxygen or water vapor on the removal efficiency of trimethylamine were investigated. Although trimethylamine was not effectively removed from nitrogen by corona discharge, the removal efficiency was improved greatly by mixing oxygen or water vapor. The amounts of reaction by-products generated were extremely large at high discharge current in the removal from a nitrogen-oxygen mixture. On the other hand, the by-products were greatly suppressed by mixing water vapor. The deposit on the anode of the reactor was analyzed by a thermogravimetry. As a result, trimethylamine was found on the anode surface as the deposit of carbon compounds which have high boiling point.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (240K) -
KUO-JEN HWANG, JIN-CHUAN PERNG, WEI-MING LU2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 1017-1025
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありThe mechanism of microfiltration of deformable submicron particles is studied. Experiments of “dead-end” cake filtration were carried out using pseudomonas suspensions. The effects of operating conditions on the filtration performance are discussed. The results show that the filtration rates increase with increasing filtration pressure, while decrease with the increase of suspension concentration. A model for cake formation is developed based on force analysis. The flux of particle deposition and the packing porosity of the formed cake can then be obtained using the proposed model. Based on the continuity equation of compression and Kozeny equation, a numerical program is established for simulating the local porosity, specific filtration resistance, and solid compressive pressure in a filter cake. The simulated values of average porosity and average specific filtration resistance of cake agree with the experimental data. It can be found that a skin layer controlling the filtration rate will form next to the membrane surface in a microfiltration of deformable submicron particles. Although the thickness of skin layer is only 10%, its filtration resistance is about 90% of the whole cake. Most compression of cake occurs at the beginning of filtration. Increasing the suspension concentration increases the particle flux of back diffusion; therefore, a thinner and more compact cake will construct under a given filtration pressure抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (376K) -
LEI RONG, SHINOBU KODA, HIROYASU NOMURA2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 1040-1044
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありDegradation of chlorobenzene in aqueous solution using a recycle ultrasonic reactor was investigated. The degradation rate constant increased with increasing volumetric flow rates, reactor volumes and frequencies with electric power kept constant. Effective ultrasonic intensity was measured by a simple chemical dosimetry based on observation of the fading-time of alkaline phenolphthalein solution. The rate constant of the degradation reaction of chlorobenzene was proportional to the ultrasonic intensity Dult [J/g], that is, a measure of the sonochemical effects. These results indicate that sonochemical effects can be interpreted in terms of the ultrasonic intensity or the ultrasonic energy consumed in the reactor.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (407K) -
AZIS TRIANTO, WANG LIN QIAO, TAKAO KOKUGAN2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 1065-1068
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありIsopropanol (IPA) dehydrogenation was carried out at 388-423 K in Vycor glass-based modified porous membrane reactor (MPMR) to confirm the result previously obtained for cyclohexane dehydrogenation. The result reveals that the phenomenon of organic product concentrating in MPMR's sweep side as observed on cyclohexane dehydrogenation also occurs in IPA dehydrogenation. In addition, the overall IPA conversion in MPMR also lay between Local Fixed Bed Reactor (LFBR) and Global Fixed Bed Reactor (GFBR). However, at lower temperatures, the difference of conversion in GFBR and MPMR is almost negligible. This is due to the effect of surface diffusion and the characteristics of IPA dehydrogenation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (218K) -
SHUHONG DUAN, AKIRA ITO, AKIRA OHKAWA2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 1069-1073
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありThree processes, aeration, pervaporation and vacuum membrane distillation were experimentally and theoretically compared for the removal of dissolved trichloroethylene (TCE) at a concentration of 25 ppm from water. The membranes used for pervaporation and membrane distillation were a silicone rubber dense membrane and a hydrophobic microporous membrane, respectively. The TCE removal rate was high for the aeration, moderate for the membrane distillation and low for the pervaporation. The model calculations based on the same Henry's constant and vapor-phase driving force model predicted these results well.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (130K)
Process Systems Engineering
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NATTHAPHONE SHOWCHAIYA, MANABU KANO, SHINJI HASEBE, IORI HASHIMOTO2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 1026-1032
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありFor on-line control of product compositions in a multicomponent distillation column, several inferential control schemes have been proposed. In this paper, inferential models, not for estimating the current product compositions but for predicting future product compositions, are developed with Partial Least Squares (PLS). Then, the predicted compositions are used as controlled variables. This control scheme is termed “predictive inferential control.” Disturbances can be compensated before they affect the product compositions, and control performance can be improved, by controlling the future product compositions instead of the current product compositions. The detailed dynamic simulation results show that the proposed predictive inferential control scheme works much better than the conventional inferential control scheme as well as the tray temperature control scheme. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that control performance as well as estimation accuracy can be improved by the use of cascade control and an iterative modeling technique.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (161K)
Safety, Environment and Energy
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EIJI NAGAMORI, HIROYUKI HONDA, TAIZO HANAI, KATSUYUKI NAKANISHI, NAOTS ...2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 998-1005
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありPrediction model for red tide occurrence by Heterocapsa circularisquama in Ago Bay (Mie Prefecture) was constructed by means of fuzzy neural network (FNN) or multiple regression analysis (MRA). Six-year-data sets on the occurrence of H. circularisquama in the observation point, Tategami-ura, and the hydrographic parameters of seawater and the wind condition of the bay area were used. Based on the collected data, 24 kinds of available variables were prepared for modeling by parameter increasing method (PIM). The constructed FNN model could predict the occurrence in each year, while prediction by MRA never succeeded; the recognition index for the threshold value of 0.5 was 70% and 0% in the FNN and MRA models, respectively. When the three variables, the maximum strength of south wind in the last week, the 2 weeks ago salinity, and the 2 weeks ago temperature difference between at the surface and at the 5-m depth of seawater, were selected, the occurrence of red tide could be predicted more correctly, and the recognition index of the FNN model increased to 80%. When the threshold value decreased to 0.1, 100% recognition index was obtained in both models. However, 38 false-positive answers were obtained in the MRA model, whereas that of FNN model was only 5. From the constructed FNN model, IF-THEN rules were extracted linguistically as follows; if the big south wind flowed when the salinity was high and poor mixing in vertical direction occurred, the red tide will occur with high risk. The IF-THEN rule corresponded well to the empirical knowledge.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (164K) -
LIWEI HUANG, TAKAAKI HARI, KATSUHIKO NAKAJYO, SHOJI OZAWA, HITOKI MATS ...2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 1012-1016
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありReduction of NO by CO in N2 was experimentally investigated in a wire-in-tube pulsed corona reactor combined with CuO catalyst. The pulsed corona was produced by applying a positive pulsed high voltage (peak voltage 16-22 kV, pulse frequency 50 pps) to the wire electrode and the catalyst was coated on the surface of the aluminum film, the grounding electrode attached to the inner surface of the tube. It was demonstrated that NO could be effectively reduced to N2 under nonthermal plasma produced by pulsed corona discharge, and the NO2 yield was significantly suppressed with the existence of CO in the gas stream. For the pulsed corona reactor combined with CuO catalyst, the reduction of NO was 10-20% higher and NO2 production was 50% lower than that of without catalyst in the reactor at room temperature, showing that CuO catalyst works effectively for the reduction of NO under pulsed corona discharge. A complete reduction of 500 ppm NO in a gas stream containing 1% CO was achieved at about 473 K with a pulse voltage of 18 kV in the reactor combined with CuO catalyst.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (175K) -
HIROKI YOSHIKAWA, TAIZO HANAI, SHUTA TOMIDA, HIROYUKI HONDA, TAKESHI K ...2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 1033-1039
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありIn order to realize control of activated sludge process, a simulation model for effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) was constructed using the time series data of three months. Here, the recursive fuzzy neural network (RFNN) was applied for the simulation. The simulation model could estimate effluent COD value with relatively high accuracy (average error: 0.68 mg/l). Next, to control effluent COD value to the desirable level, the search system for the values of the control variables, dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) and mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS), was constructed using the genetic algorithm (GA) and GA with the reliability index (RI), called as RIGA. In search for DO and MLSS values, accuracy of GA search system was high (average error: 0.16 mg/l for DO and 214 mg/l for MLSS) and accuracy of RIGA search system was higher than GA (average error: 0.11 mg/l for DO and 144 mg/l for MLSS). Then, the search using RIGA was further extended for one-year data to check the ability of this system. As a result, the constructed system could search DO and MLSS values with the average errors of 0.10 mg/l and 162 mg/l, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (295K) -
WEI-JIE HOU, SATOSHI TSUNEDA, AKIRA HIRATA2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 1049-1051
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証あり2,4,5-Trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP) is one of the most toxic chlorophenols (CPs) and is very difficult to be biodegraded. The establishment of an appropriate treatment which is friendly to the earth environment for 2,4,5-TCP is an urgent matter to be solved. Total organic carbon (TOC) removal of the synthetic wastewater which contains 2,4,5-TCP at TOC of 405 g/m3 has been carried out by using hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet irradiation (H2O2/UV). Experiments were carried out in a batch reactor with a low pressure UV lamp (500 W) irradiating ultraviolet at 254 nm and at 185 nm (5%). The chemical compounds included in the synthetic wastewater have been completely removed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. It was found that the optimum concentration of hydrogen peroxide, which was added initially, exists.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (101K) -
BYUNG-DAE LEE, MASAAKI HOSOMI2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 1061-1064
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありAs a method to remove benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] from soil, we employed a process in which B(a)P-contaminated field soil under ethanol washing with distillation. A multistage cascade washing process was applied. Initial B(a)P concentration was 65.3 mg·kg-1 in soil and washing conditions were 30°C using a 1:3 ratio of ethanol to soil. After five washings, the amount of B(a)P in each soil was concentrated in ethanol by the distillation process such that the resultant level was <5 mg-B(a)P·kg-1 in soil, which is the Netherlands soil standard for maximum tolerable risk.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (245K) -
KAZUAKI YAMAGIWA, HIROYUKI SHIMIZU, KATSUMI TAKAHASHI, MASANORI YOSHID ...2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 1074-1077
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありThe disinfection kinetics of Legionella pneumophila by hydrogen peroxide is investigated. The change in viable cell concentration with time can be well described with first-order reaction kinetics with lag time. The first-order disinfection rate constant increases with increasing hydrogen peroxide concentration and temperature. The lag time decreases with increasing hydrogen peroxide concentration and temperature. The empirical equations are presented to estimate the disinfection kinetic parameters. The results obtained in the present study are expected to be helpful for practical operation of water system such as therapeutic spa and hot-tub for disinfection of Legionella pneumophila by hydrogen peroxide抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (154K)
General Research
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ASHOK A. MHASKE, PURUSHOTTAM M. DHADKE2001 年 34 巻 8 号 p. 1052-1055
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2002/05/31
ジャーナル 認証ありThe equilibrium distribution of platinum (IV) between hydrochloric acid and the neutral phosphine oxide extractants Cyanex 921 as well as Cyanex 925 in toluene are examined. From the concentration dependencies of the distribution ratio, it was determined that Pt(IV) is extracted as (H+·2R)2PtCl62- via ion-pair mechanism with both the extractants. The temperature dependence of the extraction equilibriums are examined by temperature variation method to estimate apparent thermodynamic function ΔH.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (120K)
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