巻号一覧
42 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1～12を表示しています
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Physical Properties and Physical Chemistry
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Alessandra Lopes de Oliveira, Marcos Nogueira Eberlin, Fernando Antoni ...原稿種別: Research Paper
2009 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 219-230
発行日: 2009/04/20
公開日: 2009/04/20
ジャーナル 認証ありThe solubility data for a mixture of five compounds present in the aromatic fraction of Brazilian roasted coffee (2-methylpyrazine, 2-furfurylalcohol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, γ-butyrolactone and 2-furfurylacetate) in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) were determined at pressures from 250 to 300 bar and temperatures from 40 to 70°C. The solubilities of each of these five pure compounds in SC-CO2 were also determined at 250 bar at the same temperatures. These compounds represent important classes of the coffee aroma (pyrazines, furans and lactones) and the data presented in this work is valuable to assess the solubility behavior of the aromatic fraction of roasted coffee oil in SC-CO2. Data modeling was carried out using the Peng-Robinson equation of state with the classical mixing rule proposed by van der Waals (PR) and the empirical composition mixing rule of Stryjek–Vera (PR–SV) to describe the behaviour of the supercritical fluid phase. These models were used to determine the binary interaction parameters for 2-methylpyrazine(2)–SC-CO2(1), 2-furfurylalcohol(3)–SC-CO2(1), 2,5-dimethylpyrazine(4)–SC-CO2(1), γ-butyrolactone(5)–SC-CO2(1) and 2-furfurylacetate(6)–SC-CO2(1). Maximum solubility was observed for these compounds between 45 and 60°C at both pressures. The experimental solubility data were predicted by the PR and PR–SV models for the binary mixtures but not for the mixture of all five compounds. Experimental data presented in this work contributes to a better understanding of the extractability of roasted coffee oil using SC-CO2.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (570K)
Separation Engineering
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Ehsan Nourafkan, Abdolmohammad Alamdari原稿種別: Research Paper
2009 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 231-240
発行日: 2009/04/20
公開日: 2009/04/20
ジャーナル 認証ありThe present study investigates the crystallization kinetics of bisphenol A-phenol adduct under the influence of impurities present in industrial liquors. Crystallization experiments were carried out in a 2 L stainless-steel jacketed reactor. Impurities in a sample of industrial liquor were analyzed using gas chromatography and the morphology of adduct particles were illustrated using method of scanning electron microscopy. A population balance equation coupled with a mass balance equation was used in model development. These model equations were solved simultaneously using the finite difference method of Crank–Nicolson. Kinetic parameters of the rate equations of growth, nucleation, and agglomeration were estimated by minimizing the difference between the model predictions and the experimental data. The estimation of kinetic parameters revealed that the impurities decrease the mechanisms of growth and nucleation but increase the agglomeration of adduct particles. Therefore, the plant impurities detrimentally affect the quantity and quality of the adduct product.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (908K) -
Mahdi Fathizadeh, Manouchehr Nikazar原稿種別: Research Paper
2009 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 241-247
発行日: 2009/04/20
公開日: 2009/04/20
ジャーナル 認証ありThe adsorption of liquid aromatic/alkane mixtures on NaY (Si/Al 2.43) has been investigated using a batch technique. The adsorption of aromatics (benzene and toluene) from hexane, heptanes and octane was measured at room temperature. Already at low concentrations, the aromatics were selectively adsorbed on NaY from their binary mixture with an alkane. In NaY zeolite, benzene and toluene are preferentially adsorbed over C6, C7 and C8 n-alkanes (benzene/n-C6 and toluene/C6 selectivity as high as 1000), because benzene and toluene have a higher heat of adsorption and pack more efficiently in the NaY super cages. Results for aromatics are consistent with specific interaction of its π electrons with Na atoms on the zeolite surface. These interactions increase the heat of adsorption for aromatics with NaY zeolite. Also, the interaction of n-alkanes with active sites on the surface indicates the heat of adsorption is lower than that for aromatics.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (581K) -
Tatsuhiro Oshita, Kazuho Nakamura, Takuya Kosaka, Yoshie Marutani, Kan ...原稿種別: Research Paper
2009 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 248-254
発行日: 2009/04/20
公開日: 2009/04/20
ジャーナル 認証ありThe transition phenomenon from deep bed filtration to cake filtration, which is generally observed in the filtration of non-woven fabric filters, was studied in order to clarify the controlling factors and the conditions in which the two stage filtration can be observed. The filtration performances of the suspensions with broad particle size distribution, the monodisperse system of uniform particles, and the binary mixture system of uniform particles were observed with a polypropylene non-woven fabric filter. The presence of both the bigger particle which will be completely captured by the filter, and the smaller particles which can pass through the filter, is a necessary factor for the development of the two stage filtration. The filter life, which is an index of the period of the deep bed filtration, depended more on the amount of filtered bigger particles than on the amount of filtered smaller particles. The specific cake resistance of the cake filtration stage of the two stage filtration was dominated by the smaller particles.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1109K)
Thermal Engineering
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Ken-ichiro Tanoue, Masaaki Yoshitomi, Tatsuo Nishimura原稿種別: Short Communication
2009 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 255-258
発行日: 2009/04/20
公開日: 2009/04/20
ジャーナル 認証ありHeat transfer and hydrodynamics at the chemical reaction front have been investigated experimentally using a thermochromic liquid crystal sheet. If the chemical reaction occurs, a band region where the temperature, due to the heat of reaction, is higher than the initial temperature appears at the reaction front. Natural convection due to the temperature difference at the reaction front plays an important role in conveying the higher temperature fluid. For the hydrochloric acid (HCl)–sodium hydroxide (NaOH) system, as the frequency of contact between HCl and NaOH due to convection increases with the concentration of ethanol, the temperature beyond the stagnation point becomes higher than that in other areas. On the other hand, for the acetic acid (CH3COOH)–NaOH system, the heat transfer depends mainly on the heat of reaction, because the rate of CH3COOH dissolution is smaller than that of HCl.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2954K)
Chemical Reaction Engineering
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Hideo Kawachi, Shun Wachi原稿種別: Research Paper
2009 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 259-264
発行日: 2009/04/20
公開日: 2009/04/20
ジャーナル 認証ありIsobutylene is polymerized in a p-dicumylchloride (p-DCC)/titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4)/2-methylpyridine (α-picoline) initiating system and kinetic data for planning and process intensification of an industrial plant is acquired through the measurement of temperature and simple trial-and-error calculation. As a result, the propagation rate decreases with increasing temperature in appearance, and its mechanism should be significantly governed by the dissociation equilibrium of the end of the polymer chain. In addition, the effects of the mixing ratio of solvent, TiCl4 concentration and α-picoline concentration are investigated and discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (432K)
Process Systems Engineering and Safety
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Yoshiaki Shimizu原稿種別: Research Paper
2009 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 265-273
発行日: 2009/04/20
公開日: 2009/04/20
ジャーナル 認証ありTo obtain a near optimal control policy for real world chemical processes, in this paper, we focused our attention on a new meta-heuristic method termed differential evolution (DE). Compared with conventional approaches characterized by variational logic as well as by the inconveniences of simultaneous optimization methods for differential-algebraic equation, we have shown DE’s ability to derive a near optimal solution adaptive to various requirements in practice. Since such a simulation-based search does not need any differential information and additional relations like adjoint equations and disregards complexities, the algorithm is straightforward and flexible to manage various conditions that other conventional approaches could not cope with effectively. These properties present great advantages when we need to cope with high dimensionality and outstanding non-linearity peculiar to chemical process in real world applications. In numerical experiments, we provided three popular reaction processes, applied the proposed method under various meaningful conditions, and validated its adaptability in comparison with other methods.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1180K) -
Kyung Nam Lee, Yeong Koo Yeo原稿種別: Short Communication
2009 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 274-280
発行日: 2009/04/20
公開日: 2009/04/20
ジャーナル 認証ありIn this work, a new predictive proportional-integral-derivative (PID) tuning method is proposed based upon a simplified generalized predictive control (GPC) control law. Values of the tuning parameters of a predictive PID controller are obtained from the simplified GPC control law for the 1st-order and 1st-order plus integrating processes with time delays of integer and non-integer multiples of the sampling time. The internal model technique is employed to compensate for the effect of time delay of the target process. The predictive PID controller is equivalent to the PI controller when the target process is the 1st-order and to the PID controller when the target process is the 1st-order plus integrating process. The performance of the proposed predictive PID controller is almost the same as that of the simplified GPC. The main advantage of the proposed control scheme over other methods is the ease of tuning and operation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1016K)
Biochemical, Food and Medical Engineering
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Makoto Wakayama, Kazuhisa Ohtaguchi原稿種別: Research Paper
2009 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 281-289
発行日: 2009/04/20
公開日: 2009/04/20
ジャーナル 認証ありTo explore high-cell density cultivation of photolithotrophs in the production of high-value compounds, a model cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC6301 was grown in rectangular photobioreactors with light path lengths of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.4 and 5 cm. A mathematical model to correlate cell growth with medium concentration, light transmittance and light path length was formulated. Logarithmic and linear growth phase were prolonged, and linear growth rate was elevated by shortening the light path length and by avoiding monohydrogen phosphate ion depletion. With sufficient monohydrogen phosphate ions, a high cell mass concentration of 24.5 mg·mL–1 was accomplished using a 0.1 cm light path length photobioreactor.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (423K) -
Hironobu Koide, Yayoi Isaji, Mina Okochi, Hiroyuki Honda原稿種別: Research Paper
2009 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 290-297
発行日: 2009/04/20
公開日: 2009/04/20
ジャーナル フリーA cell array has been developed for single cell analysis with magnetic cell labeling method using the unmodified colloidal magnetic nanoparticles (magnetite particle with 10 nm diameter). When the magnetic nanoparticles were dispersed in the medium for cell labeling, these particles aggregate to micrometer order sizes. However, when these particles were dispersed in a sucrose solution, above 80% of these particles maintained their size below 100 nm and their dispersibility was kept for at least two weeks. When mouse pulmonic fibroblasts L929 were exposed to the magnetic nanoparticle suspension of a 0.3 M isotonic sucrose solution for 10 min, it was found that the magnetic nanoparticles were taken into the cells at approximately 1.1 pg-Fe/Cell This method was demonstrated without modifying the magnetic nanoparticles, and a variety of cells could be labeled magnetically. It was found that this magnetic labeling method did not influence the cell response to cytokine, TNF-α. The magnetic induction by means of a pin holder device, which is made from magnetic soft iron and contains more than 6000 pillars on its surface, enabled the arrangement of the magnetically labeled cells in arrays. In addition, the method was used to monitor the time course of the responses of L929 cells to TNF-α in a single cell array. The change in the stages of apoptosis such as phosphatidylserine externalization and propidium iodide uptake was detected using fluorescent microscopy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1047K) -
Screening of Epithelial Cell-Adhesive Peptides from Fibronectin Loop Region and Its Cell SpecificityChiaki Kaga, Shigeyuki Nomura, Mina Okochi, Tomoko Nozu, Tomokazu Naga ...原稿種別: Short Communication
2009 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 298-302
発行日: 2009/04/20
公開日: 2009/04/20
ジャーナル 認証ありUsing a peptide array-based cell system, screening of cell adhesive peptides has been investigated against two epithelial-type cells, such as mouse lung epithelial cell (mLEC) and mouse glomerular epithelial cell (mGEC), and one endothelial cell such as human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). When 63 pentamer peptide sequences of human fibronectin type III domain were synthesized on the cellulose membrane assayed, GSKST (No. 124) and GLKPG (No. 126) showed high adhesion activity against all three type cells. The adhesion pattern of mGEC using the library was different from mLEC. Eight adhesive peptides were found for mGEC as peptides with higher adhesion activity compared with HUVEC. It was found that the adhesion pattern of mLEC was similar to that of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), not HUVEC. The results suggest that a tissue specific adhesion peptides can be designed, which has the potential for the development of a tissue specific molecular tag.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (957K)
Environment
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Md. Helal Uddin, Shin-ichi Hatanaka, Shigeo Hayashi原稿種別: Research Paper
2009 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 303-308
発行日: 2009/04/20
公開日: 2009/04/20
ジャーナル 認証ありSonolysis of bisphenol A (BPA), a representative endocrine disrupting chemical, has been studied at different temperatures ranging from 5 to 70°C in aqueous solutions under various gases at 489 kHz. The degradation rate constant increased significantly with temperature under O2 and air up to 50°C and 30°C, respectively. In this temperature range, the rate constants for O2 and air were significantly higher than those for Ar and N2, under which they hardly changed with temperature. The degradation rate constants decreased in the order O2 > air > Ar > N2. These results are in contrast with the thermal theory of sonochemistry. By adding tert-butanol as an OH radical scavenger, the degradation rate decreased significantly, revealing that OH radical reactions are responsible for the temperature effects on BPA sonolysis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (421K)
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