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Volume 42, Issue 7
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Editorial Note
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Hitoshi Kosuge, Naoto OhmuraArticle type: Editorial Note
2009 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages 457-458
Published: July 20, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOutstanding Paper Award Subcommittee of Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan has assessed the 163 papers published in volume 41 into 2008, and the editorial board finally selected the five papers for JCEJ Paper Award of 2008; those are the papers on “Fault Detection in Chemical Processes Using Discriminant Analysis and Control Chart,” “Mechanism of Mutual Incorporation of Branched Chain Amino Acids and Isomorphic Amino Acids in Batch Crystallization,” “A New Approach for the Prediction of Gas Holdup in Bubble Columns Operated under Various Pressures in the Homogeneous Regime,” “Activity Modeling for Integrating Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Consideration as a New Element in Industrial Chemical Process Design,” and “Classification and Diagnostic Output Prediction of Cancer Using Gene Expression Profiling and Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms.”View full abstractDownload PDF (47K)
Transport Phenomena and Fluid Engineering
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Alatengtuya , Nami Nishioka, Takafumi Horie, Mohamed N. Noui-Mehidi, N ...Article type: Research Paper
2009 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages 459-463
Published: July 20, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSParticle motions within isolated mixing regions (IMRs) were experimentally investigated at low Reynolds numbers. The trajectories of resin particles (density: 1377–1663 kg/m3; diameter: 5 mm) were analyzed using image processing techniques. The effect of particle motion on mixing was also investigated by the decolorization of fluorescent green dye by acid-base neutralization. After a particle was captured within an IMR, it moved along various torus orbits within the IMR. The radius of secondary circulation of the particle varied between 6–17.3 mm. It is speculated that this change in the radius enhances the exchange of material between an IMR and the surrounding active mixing region.View full abstractDownload PDF (903K)
Separation Engineering
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Toshimichi Kamei, Kazuhiro Hasegawa, Masaaki Yokota, Norihito Doki, Ke ...Article type: Research Paper
2009 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages 464-470
Published: July 20, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe blocking of step motion on (100) and (001) faces of an L-isoleucine (L-Ile) crystal caused by the addition of an aqueous solution of L-norleucine (L-Nle) to the L-Ile solution was investigated using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The step motion was blocked in the presence of L-Nle. Crystal growth of L-Ile was inhibited along the a-, b-, and c-axes in the presence of L-Nle. Also, the blocking of step motion on the L-Ile (001) face of an L-Ile seed crystal was observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1710K) -
Jae-Kwan Kim, Hyun-Dong LeeArticle type: Research Paper
2009 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages 471-477
Published: July 20, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSA pilot scale beneficiation system for removing unburned carbon from coal fly ash was developed and has tested using a continuous triboelectrostatic separator composed of two vertical electrodes and an ejector tribocharger. Tests were conducted to evaluate the charge density and the separation efficiency at various operating conditions. With a stainless steel tribocharger, the optimum conditions for achieving maximum charge density were as follows: air flow rate, 3.4 m3/min; feed rate, <300 kg/h; relative humidity, <30%. Under these optimum conditions, clean ash with an LOI (loss on ignition) of less than 4.5% could be recovered (yield: >70%). The electrostatic separator was operated under the following conditions: width of the diffuser slit, 4 mm; air velocity at the diffuser outlet, 16.7 m/s; distance between the diffuser slit and the splitter, 15 cm. The optimum feed rate was found to be 830 kg/h per square meters of the electrode surface area, which can be used as the scale-up factor for the electroseparator.View full abstractDownload PDF (468K)
Thermal Engineering
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Ahmet Ekmekyapar, Canan Akmil Basar, Mehmet YuceerArticle type: Research Paper
2009 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages 478-484
Published: July 20, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSIn the present study, the thermal decomposition kinetics of tincalconite was investigated by using thermo gravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) data. The modified form of asymptotic expansion of the temperature integral ∫x∞(e–x/x2)dx, which is employed in a wide range of x = E/RT ratios, was used to perform the kinetic analysis. An empirical model was suggested for calculation of activation energy for non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of solids. The calculation of activation energy of tincalconite was carried out by means of different methods. It was determined that the process takes place in two steps and fits a first order reaction kinetic model. The results obtained from five methods were generally in good agreement.View full abstractDownload PDF (380K) -
Tamilarasan Rengasamy, Anand Prabu Arun, Raajenthiren Muniswamy, Dharm ...Article type: Short Communication
2009 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages 485-489
Published: July 20, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThis communication presents the effect of five dissolved inorganic salts (sodium chloride, NaCl; calcium chloride, CaCl2; zinc chloride, ZnCl2; cadmium chloride, CdCl2; ammonium chloride, NH4Cl) on the enthalpy of mixing (HE) of ethyl acetate/benzene binary system at 303.15 K; enthalpy measurements were performed using an isothermal displacement calorimeter with vapor space. The excess enthalpy of mixing of this system is significantly reduced in the presence of NH4Cl and NaCl; however, changes in the excess enthalpy of mixing were insignificant in the presence of CaCl2, ZnCl2, and CdCl2. The experimental values of HE were fitted into the Redlich–Kister equation, and deviations from the ideal value and binary parameters were calculated. The importance of solute–solvent interactions was demonstrated from the decrease in the excess enthalpy of mixing in the negative direction with an increase in the NaCl concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (71K)
Chemical Reaction Engineering
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Reiji Noda, Tomoyuki Ito, Nao Tanaka, Masayuki HorioArticle type: Research Paper
2009 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages 490-501
Published: July 20, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSPotential of biomass steam gasification with porous clay-derived materials that holds tar inside the reactor to enhance gas production was investigated. Tar capturing ability was compared for commercial FCC particles, commercial activated clay, lightly acidified bentonite, raw bentonite, porous silica particles and silica sand by using a laboratory scale fluidized bed reactor. FCC particles and all clay materials, even raw bentonite, were found to reduce heavy tar and water-soluble species emissions, and to increased carbonaceous materials deposited on the bed materials. The activated clay held two or more times the amounts of carbonaceous materials than porous silica did, although the specific surface areas were almost the same. Carbonaceous materials deposited on FCC particle in 923 K were easily gasified at temperatures greater than 973 K. Following up on these results, wood biomass gasification experiments were carried out at 923–1023 K for 90 min in activated clay or silica sand beds. Activated clay showed significantly high energy conversion to gas by gasification of captured carbonaceous materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (662K) -
Yoshinori Hama, Masakazu Itamochi, Toshihide Horikawa, Masahiro Katoh, ...Article type: Research Paper
2009 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages 502-507
Published: July 20, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSA bench-scale annular-type packed-bed photocatalytic reactor with TiO2-coated glass beads as the photocatalyst was designed; the performance of the reactor was evaluated by using it for the photocatalytic decomposition of indigo carmine (IC) dissolved in water. The reactor was operated in a recirculation batch mode, and the dye solution in the reservoir was recirculated through the photocatalyst bed in the annular space of the reactor. The concentration of the dye in the reservoir decreased gradually with an increase in the operation time. The time course of the change in the IC concentration was calculated numerically by assuming first-order kinetics, and the overall rate constant of photocatalytic decomposition was determined by fitting the calculated time course to the experimental value obtained for various treatment times. The overall decomposition rate constants decreased with an increase in the initial concentration of the IC solution. The rate-controlling step in the photocatalytic decomposition was the mass transfer of IC from the bulk of the solution to the catalyst surface when the flow rate was less than 1 dm3/min; however, when the flow rate exceeded the transition flow rate, the reaction occurring at the catalyst surface was the rate-controlling step.View full abstractDownload PDF (777K)
Biochemical, Food and Medical Engineering
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Tomoyuki Toyoda, Kazuhisa OhtaguchiArticle type: Short Communication
2009 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages 508-511
Published: July 20, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSOsmophilic yeast Kluyveromyces strains that represent lactose-utilization ability were screened for D-arabitol production. Fifteen strains were tested. D-Arabitol was found in the culture of K. lactis GG 799, NRRL 8279, NBRC 1903, NBRC 0433, CBS 4627, NRRL 1564, CBS 2619 and NRRL 4087. Null or negligible trace amount of D-glucose or D-galactose was observed in the culture of K. lactis on lactose. Glycerol and ethanol were formed as main byproducts of D-arabitol from lactose.View full abstractDownload PDF (43K)
Micro and Nano Systems
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Shigenori Togashi, Tetsuro Miyamoto, Yukako Asano, Yoshishige EndoArticle type: Research Paper
2009 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages 512-519
Published: July 20, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe yields of the main products obtained in three consecutive reactions when a conventional batch reactor was used were compared with the yields obtained when a microreactor was used. It was found that the yield of the main product in a bromination reaction increased up to 21.1% when the microreactor was uesd. Next, a pilot plant involving the numbering-up of 20 microreactors was developed. The 20 microreactor units were stacked in four sets, each containing five microreactor units arranged vertically, similar to a computer blade server. The maximum flow rate when 20 microreactors were used was 1 × 104 mm3/s, which corresponds to 72 t/year. Evaluation of the chemical performance of the pilot plant was conducted using a nitration reaction. The pilot plant was found to capable of increasing the production scale without decreasing the yield of the products.View full abstractDownload PDF (1833K) -
Masato Kukizaki, Masahiro GotoArticle type: Research Paper
2009 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages 520-530
Published: July 20, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSMembrane emulsification using Shirasu porous glass (SPG) membranes is a promising technique for preparing uniformly sized emulsion droplets and has potential applications in many fields. In this study, to gain further insight into droplet formation behavior from SPG membranes in the absence of continuous-phase flow, a comparative investigation of droplet formation behavior with and without water phase flow was carried out in an oil-in-water emulsion system consisting of soybean oil and 1 wt/v % polyoxyethylene(20)sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) aqueous solution. In the absence of water phase flow, uniformly sized oil droplets with a mean diameter of 9.88 μm and a diameter distribution span of 0.62 were spontaneously formed from the pore openings of an SPG membrane with a mean pore diameter of 3.04 μm. Under these conditions, the various forces acting on a droplet formed at a pore opening were estimated from the dimensionless numbers (Bond, Capillary and Weber numbers). The estimation results indicated that oil-water interfacial tension is the dominating force for the spontaneous droplet detachment, due to the fact that the oil phase distorted by the tortuous pores is transformed into spherical droplets by the interfacial tension. In the presence of water phase flow, uniform oil droplets with a mean diameter of 8.63 μm and a diameter distribution span of 0.43 were detached from the same membrane by the shear force caused by the water phase flow before growing enough at the pore openings. The absence of water phase flow resulted in an increase in the proportion of active pores, compared to the presence of water phase flow. This is because, in the latter case, the oil droplets at the pore openings are deformed by the water phase flow, and thus the effect of steric hindrance between the neighboring droplets becomes greater.View full abstractDownload PDF (436K)
Materials Engineering and Interfacial Phenomena
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Yuri Nakano, Yoshimi Seida, Yoshio NakanoArticle type: Research Paper
2009 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages 531-537
Published: July 20, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe viscoelastic behavior of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) microgel was investigated as a function of the preparation temperature Tprep using a 5 MHz quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The viscoelastic behavior was determined on the basis of the resonant frequency F and resistance R of the QCM by means of impedance analysis of the QCM. The viscoelastic behavior was found to vary as a function of Tprep and/or the network and hydration structures of the gels. Large changes were induced in the viscoelasticity in response to thermal stimuli in the gels prepared below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPA. The changes were due to the homogeneous network structure of the gels with a large amount of hydrated water. Changes in the viscoelasticity of the gels prepared above the LCST were much smaller due to the porous network of the gels with a small amount of hydrated water. The use of QCM enabled the precise observation of network and hydration structures of the gels during the stimuli-responsive process from the viewpoint of the viscoelasticity.View full abstractDownload PDF (528K)
Environment
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Eden Mariquit, Chris Salim, Hirofumi HinodeArticle type: Short Communication
2009 Volume 42 Issue 7 Pages 538-543
Published: July 20, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2009
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSThe effect of calcium ion concentration on the photocatalytic oxidation of humic acid (HA) solution at pH range 7.5–8.5 was investigated. The experiments were conducted using different concentrations of commercially available titanium dioxide (Aeroxide® TiO2 P25, Nippon Aerosil Co. Ltd.). Initially, a study conducted in the dark was done to determine the adsorption of HA onto the titanium dioxide (TiO2). After that, the effect of UV irradiation in humic acid and the photodegradation of HA in the presence of UV irradiation as a function of calcium ion concentration and titanium dioxide were investigated.
Results indicated that pH 8.0 ± 0.5, there is insignificant adsorption of HA onto the surface of TiO2. But upon addition of calcium ions, adsorption of HA was facilitated. The experiment established the effect of calcium ions and catalyst concentration on the adsorption of HA onto TiO2. During photolysis, results showed that irradiation of the water sample with UV light (λ = 360 nm) affected only the color of the solution. In the photocatalytic experiment, the degradation of HA is reported in terms of its absorbance at 254 nm and 436 nm, corresponding to the aromatic compound content and the color of the solution respectively. The results showed that adding calcium ions increased the rate of photocatalytic oxidation of humic acids at pH 8.0 ± 0.5.View full abstractDownload PDF (399K)
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