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Volume 7, Issue 1
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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EFFECTS OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN UNLIKE MOLECULESYOSHIMASA SASSA, TAKASHI KATAYAMA1974 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHydrogen bondings between alcohol and active solvent are studied by infrared spectroscopy, and the equilibrium constants are evaluated for the sixteen systems. Using these values and self-association constants of alcohols, activity coefficients for alcohol-active solvent systems are calculated by the associated solution theory of Flory type. These calculated activity coefficients are compared with experimental values obtained from vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements.
From the results, it is found that the spectroscopic information is useful for evaluation of contributions to the nonideal behavior of vapor-liquid equilibria for these systems.
Moreover, the correlations between hydrogen-bond shifts and thermodynamic excess functions (GE, HE, VE) for equipmolar mixtures are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1276K) -
HIROSHI SAGARA, YOSHINORI YOKOBORI, SHOZABURO SAITO1974 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 8-13
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe regular solution theory was applied to predict the vapor-liquid equilibria of cryogenic fluids, such as argon, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, ethylene, ethane and propane. When the system temperature is sufficiently below the critical temperature of each component, the vapor-liquid equilibria were well predicted by using the liquid properties at the saturation line of pure component. When the system temperature is close to the critical temperature of light component, good results were obtained by adjusting the liquid volume of the light component only. This liquid volume was determined by fitting calculated vapor-liquid equilibrium relations to the experimental results and was generalized as a smoothed curve. This generalized curve was also useful in estimating the hypothetical liquid volume. Vapor-liquid equilibria involving a supercritical component were predictable by using the hypothetical liquid fugacity and the solubility parameter obtained based on the generalized curve for the adjusted liquid volume.View full abstractDownload PDF (1182K) -
SHIRO MATSUMOTO, KUNIKI SAITO, YOIGHI TAKASHIMA1974 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 13-19
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe change of atomization mechanism at the edge of a rotating disk was studied based on theoretical consideration and various experimental data.
The flow rate at the transition was determined by seeing directly the transition phenomena with a stroboscope. Four kinds of liquids and five kinds of disks were used in this experiment, and the rotational number was varied from 500 to 4000 rpm.
As a result, it was seen that the transition accompanied a kind of hysteresis phenomenon. The flow rate at the transition from direct drop to ligament formation was a little more than that at the reverse transition, as given by Eqs.(27) and (28), respectively. Also, for the transition from ligament to film formation and the reverse transition, a similar hysteresis was obtained. Hinze and Milborn''s equation can be used for liquid of less than a few poises in viscosity for prediction of the flow rate at the transition from ligament to film formation, and the equation by Tanasawa et al. is applicable to more viscous liquids.View full abstractDownload PDF (1499K) -
TSUTOMU HIROSE, YASUNORI MORI, YUJI SATO1974 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 19-24
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMass transfer equations are derived and compared with dissolution experiments of C6H5COOH-H2O and Cu-H2SO4-K2Cr2O7 systems on single spheres (6 different sizes from 3/4" to 3"). In region I (long contact time with smooth laminar film), Sh converges
Sh=1.608 (GaSc/Pe*)1/3 or k=2.01 D√δ
(δ: mean film thickness) and increases with decreasing volumetric flow rate Q. In region II (short contact time with smooth laminar film), Sh converges
Sh=0.716 Pe*1/9(GaSc)2/9
The transition from region I to II occurs around Pe*/(GaSc)1/4≤10. In region III (short contact time with wavy film surface), Sh increases with Pe* to the 1/3 - 1/2 power and is substantially higher than that in region II. A generalized short contact time equation using the measured local film thickness δ
Sh=0.501 Pe*1/3{∫π0(d/δ)sinθdθ}2/3
is valid in this region. Thus, main cause for enhancement in Sh is the reduction in film thickness relevant to the wave formation. The II-III transition is somewhere between wave inception and wave coverage flow rates. In the above, Sh=kd/D, Pe*=Q/dD and Ga=gd3/v2, in which k is based on a log-mean driving force.View full abstractDownload PDF (1409K) -
OSCAR SOSA, JOSÉ C. MERGHUK1974 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 25-30
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn analysis of oxygen absorption and carbon dioxide desorption in a film of blood through a gas-permeable membrane is presented. The mathematical analysis treats blood as a homogeneous, non-Newtonian fluid, in which the system pO2, pCO2 hemoglobin, pH is always in equilibrium due to the reaction rate in the erythrocites.
Influence of flow rate, hematocrit and gas composition on blood saturation are studied, and the possibility of calculating an optimal membrane length is found.View full abstractDownload PDF (977K) -
ELIAS KOGAN, JOSÉ C. MERCHUK1974 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 31-33
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe result of an increase in mean saturation of blood predicted by two mathematical models was verified by means of a series of experiments using cattle blood flowing in a 1.1 mm thick film, with flow rates ranging between 0.6 and 2.5 cc/min.
The use of the equation of O2 transfer without taking into account the coupled CO2 transfer leads to slightly conservative predictions, and experimental data fit the calculated values of saturation within an error of 5%. For very slow flow rates the deviations reach 10%.View full abstractDownload PDF (544K) -
SIMULATION OF GASIFICATIONKUNIO YOSHIDA, DAIZO KUNII1974 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 34-39
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTheoretical equations are derived to simulate the performance of fluidized-bed reactors in which complex reactions take place. As an example of complex reaction gasification is employed, where several simultaneous gas-solid as well as gas-gas reactions are involved. Some previously reported data on gasification are then explained by the proposed method.View full abstractDownload PDF (926K) -
KUNIO KATO, UTARO ITO1974 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 40-44
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate gas-particle mass transfer phenomenon with relation to bubble movement in the bed, gas bubbles were generated continuously from nozzles in two-and three-dimensional fluidized beds. The size of bubbles and the mass transfer rate were measured in the same experimental condition. Gas-particle mass transfer phenomenon was simulated by a suitable two-phase model based on the bubble size in the bed. From the simulation, empirical equations for the ratio of cloud to bubble volume in a two- and three-dimensional fluidized bed are proposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (866K) -
SETSUJI TONE, HIROYASU SEKO, HISAO MARUYAMA, TSUTAO OTAKE1974 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 44-51
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents a simulation model to predict the reaction performance of a fluidized bed from the operating conditions. The simulation model was derived from the observation of bubble behavior, and was developed in a form which can elucidate the conversion and selectivity with catalyst fouling. The model was applied to methylcyclohexane cracking data, and unknown parameters in the model were estimated by a non-linear regression technique. It was confirmed that the model is applicable to the performance of a fiuidized bed reactor.View full abstractDownload PDF (640K) -
OSATO MIYAWAKI, HIROO TSUJIKAWA, YUZO URAGUGHI1974 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 52-56
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTurbulent mixing in this type mixer is experimentally investigated. Probability density distribution function of ''c is measured by using digital counter and proves to be normally distributed. This fact affirms the basis of Toor''s theory. Concentration spectrum has a narrow -5/3 power region, Toor''s theory concerning the relation between concentration fluctuation and conversion of very rapid reaction is experimentally proved. Initial mixing rate is studied on the basis of it. Dependence of the mixing time constant on U, a, dN and Dm are measured. Their effects are generally explained by modified Corrsin''s equation.View full abstractDownload PDF (853K) -
Eizo SADA, SHIGEHARU KITO, YOSHITAKA ITO1974 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 57-59
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (510K) -
ISAMU NAGATA1974 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 59-64
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1177K) -
SHINIGHIRO GONDO, SHOGO ISAYAMA, KOICHIRO KUSUNOKI1974 Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 64-66
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (512K)
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