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Volume 8 (1975)
- Issue 6 Pages 435-
- Issue 5 Pages 347-
- Issue 4 Pages 261-
- Issue 3 Pages 175-
- Issue 2 Pages 89-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 8, Issue 4
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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ISAMU NAGATA, MASATAKA NAGASHIMA, KENJI KAZUMA, MIYUKI NAKAGAWA1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 261-265
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeat of mixing data for 12 binary systems are obtained using a calorimeter designed previously by Nagata, et al. (1972). Experimental data are well correlated by a modification of Guggenheim''s equation derived for a system of triplets. The proposed equation is applied for a simultaneous fit of the excess Gibbs free energy and heat of mixing data for three binary systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (779K) -
KUNIO KATAOKA, TERUYOSHI KAWABATA, KUNIO MIKI1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 266-271
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe start-up response of pipe flow to a step input of constant flow rate given by an automatic solenoid valve has been studied experimentally by the use of electrochemical technique. The variation of velocity distribution and velocity gradient at the pipe wall with the passage of time has been measured far downstream from the inlet section, where flow becomes fully developed in the steady state. The velocity profiles of the start-up flow development show a trend essentially different from those of steady-state flow development at different distances in the entrance region of a circular pipe: they show a minimum at the axis and a maximum in the intermediate region between the axis and the wall as the result of non-uniformity of acceleration in the central core (annular jet effect). The development of the laminar boundary layer with time could be regarded as that of the constant-stress layer near the wall. Still, the velocity profiles in the laminar boundary layer at different times are similar to each other.View full abstractDownload PDF (997K) -
KUNIO KATAOKA1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 271-276
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe characteristics of heat transfer affected by Taylor vortex motion were investigated experimentally by the use of electrochemical method and theoretically with the aid of the nonlinear theory suggested by J. T. Stuart. The present non-linear theory, which considers the effect of the fundamentals of disturbances on heat transfer, especially in the wide gap problem, is also applicable to the heat-transfer problem in the range of 1<Re/Recr<2 for fluid with Pr=1. The local Nusselt numbers (Sherwood numbers) measured by means of electrochemical technique show a remarkable sinusoidal periodicity in the axial direction due to Taylor vortex motion, except for their cycloidal periodicity in a very short supercritical range of Reynolds number.
The values of skin friction and heat-transfer coefficient calculated by the semiempirical modification of the equilibrium amplitude of supercritical disturbances agree quite well with measurements over an unexpectedly wide range of Reynolds number (2<Re/Recr<20) where higher-order disturbances should be taken into account.View full abstractDownload PDF (983K) -
RYOZO TOEI, MORIO OKAZAKI, MASASHI ASAEDA1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 277-281
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSublimation rate of ice into rarefied gases is studied experimentally between two concentric spheres in the range of sublimating surface temperature of - 50°C- - 30°C, and the range of stagnant gas pressure at the condensing surface of 0-1 mmHg.
The results are compared with the analytical results obtained with the two-sided Maxwellian distribution functions. Applying the theoretical results to mass transfer through the gaseous phase, a sublimation coefficient of ice of about 0.3 is obtained near -30°C and 0.7 near -50°C. The effect of the partial pressure of stagnant gas on experimental measurements of the sublimation coefficients is also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (945K) -
THE STABILITY OF PLANE SUBLIMATION AND A MODEL OF ZONE SUBLIMATION IN FREEZE-DRYING OF POROUS BODIESRYOZO TOEI, MORIO OKAZAKI, MASASHI ASAEDA1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 282-288
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFreeze-drying of porous bodies (void is initially saturated with ice) by conductive heat transfer is carried out under pressures of 0.4-1.5mmHg. It is found from the experimental results that under some conditions plane sublimation becomes unstable and breaks into zone sublimation.
The criterion of stability of plane sublimation is analysed and is found to depend on the physical properties of the porous bodies and on the drying conditions. By considering the instability of plane sublimation a model of freeze-drying is proposed. The numerical results by this model are in relatively good accord with experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1188K) -
HAKUAI INOUE, TOSHIRO KATO1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 289-293
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments of mass and heat transfer from a sphere to flowing gas were carried out under several moderate pressures. The process was analyzed and proved to be a combination of natural and forced-convection transfer. The effect of natural convection becomes dominant with increasing pressure. Based on the experimental results (vaporization of benzene and water from a porous sphere) empirical correlations for the combined process are proposed.
The oxidation of methanol with a platinum catalyst of the same size was carried out. The transfer rates for the reaction were measured and comparison of the data with the correlations proved that the rates were well estimated by the proposed correlations.View full abstractDownload PDF (793K) -
ATSUSHI IKARI, REIKO KUBO1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 294-299
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEquilibrium ratios of 29 impurities in aqueous solution of ethanol are expressed as functions of the concentration of ethanol. The constants of these functions have been determined by use of the vapor-liquid equilibrium data in the literature.
A mathematical model of a pot-still is presented, in which open-steam heating, partial condensation and the passing of live steam are taken into consideration.
The simultaneous differential equations are solved numerically and the distillation curves of the impurities are obtained. It is shown that the curves have characteristic shapes according to the type of minor component and are affected mostly by the concentration of ethanol in the charge.
The calculated distillation curves are compared with the observed ones, which were obtained from papers on the production of distilled spirit.View full abstractDownload PDF (922K) -
YOSHIHARU MIURA, KAZUHISA MIYAMOTO, TOSHINORI KANAMORI, MARIKO TERAMOT ...1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 300-304
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOxygen transfer to and within fungal pellet is discussed on the assumption that oxygen is supplied to the pellet interior by simple molecular diffusion. The assumption was found to be invalid under some operational conditions; the oxygen uptake rate for pellets of Aspergillus niger, measured in an agitated vessel, depended on operating conditions. Diffusional resistance around the pellet was negligible and the mass transfer rate within the pellet under ordinary agitation was enhanced from the rate by molecular diffusion. Estimated values of effective diffusivity within the pellet were more than twice the molecular diffusivity of oxygen. The oxygen uptake rate could be correlated with pellet diameter, agitation speed, impeller diameter and liquid viscosity.View full abstractDownload PDF (888K) -
SHUNTA TANAKA, YASUHIKO ARAI, SHOZABURO SAITO1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 305-309
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of cracking experiments on 2-methylbutane (isopentane), 2-methylpentane, 2-methylhexane, and 2-methylheptane were carried out using a conventional flow type apparatus at 700°C and atmospheric pressure. Branched alkanes were highly diluted with nitrogen by about 10 times and the extent of decomposition ranged from 5.5 to 15 mole %.
The initial product distributions obtained were compared with those simulated on the basis of the free-radical chain mechanism proposed by Rice and Kossiakoff. It was found, from comparison of experiment with calculation, that the radical isomerization through intramolecular 1-4 transfer of H-atom in addition to generally accepted 1-5 transfer should be taken into account. In the present study, the rate of 1-4 transfer isomerization was assumed to be equal to that of β-scission of radicals because there is strain energy in 5-membered ring formation.View full abstractDownload PDF (802K) -
HIROSHI KOMIYAMA, HAKUAI INOUE1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 310-316
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe catalytic behavior of a porous particle containing a liquid-phase catalyst in its pores is investigated by the catalytic oxidation of ethylene (the Wacker-Höchst process). The activity of the catalyst is proved to be dependent upon the properties of the carrier materials, their sizes and the operating conditions. The experimental results are analyzed on the basis of measurement of the intrinsic kinetics and the effective diffusivity in the liquid-filled pores, and from these results the effectiveness factors of the catalysts are derived. A new technique to create a highly-dispersed state of catalyst solution inside the carrier materials and to eliminate the diffusion resistances is successfully established.View full abstractDownload PDF (1146K) -
TETSUO YOSHIDA, KIKUO OKUYAMA, YASUO KOUSAKA, YOSHINORI KIDA1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 317-322
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe time-dependent change in particle size distributions of highly concentrated polydisperse aerosols undergoing Brownian coagulation was studied by numerically solving the basic equation of coagulation for various size distributions initially having log-normal form. The results were plotted in the forms of the change with time in cumulative size distributions and the changes in nominal geometric mean radius, as well as standard deviation for various initial distributions of aerosols. These figures showed that size distributions approached certain asymptotic ones, which might correspond to SPDF (self-preserving distribution function), almost independently of initial distributions as coagulation proceeded. The process of the approach to asymptotic distributions was also made clear by the graphs. Some of these results were verified by experimental results obtained by the ultramicroscopic size analysis previously developed by the authors.View full abstractDownload PDF (1056K) -
SETSURO HIRAOKA, RYUZO ITO1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 323-326
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBased on the flow pattern in impeller region and on the angular momentum balance over the potential flow region, a relationship between impeller jet flow rate and power input is derived in which the impeller jet flow rate is proportional to the root of power input. The correlation equations based on this result are well in agreement with the experimental results for baffled and non-baffled agitated vessels with different type impellers.View full abstractDownload PDF (656K) -
JUNJI TOKUNAGA, MAKOTO KAWAI1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 326-327
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
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TATSUO KANKI, SATORU IUCHI1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 328-330
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
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SHIGERU MATSUMOTO, SHUNDO HARADA, SHOZABURO SAITO, SIRO MAEDA1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 331-333
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
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FUKUJI YAMASHITA, HAKUAI INOUE1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 334-336
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
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TADASHI SHIROTSUKA, YOSHINORI KAWASE1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 336-338
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
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DEHYDROGENATION OF n-BUTANE OVER CHROMIA-ALUMINA CATALYSTRYOZO TOEI, KAZUHIRO NAKANISHI, MORIO OKAZAKI1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 338-340
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
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G. B. WALLIS1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 341a
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
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TERUO TAKAHASHI, YASUHARU AKAGI1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 341b-342
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
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HAKARU MITSUTAKE1975 Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 342-343
Published: August 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
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