On continuing the previous studies (This Journal, 1934, 42, 399; 1935, 43, 719), the present authors carried on the studies on the relation between chemical compositions and water solubility or resistibility of common soda-lime glass by replacing some parts of silica with other acid anhydride components, boric acid B₂O₃, titanic acid TiO₂, or phosphoric acid P₂O₅. The main points of the present communication are briefly abstracted from the original Japanese paper, as following:
Table 1-Analyses of Chemical composition of Prepared Glass Samples
(1) Standard compositions of common soda-lime glass of sheet glass, plate glass, bottle glass, etc., i.e., SiO₂: 72%, CaO: 13% and Na₂O: 15%, were changed in the amount of SiO₂, replacing by B₂O₃, TiO₂ or P₂O₅ from 1-2% to 7-8%, and fixed the other two components CaO and Na₂O nearly constant. These desired glass samples were prepared, by mixing the pure chemical CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, Na₂B₄O₇⋅10H₂O, TiO₂, Na₂HPO₄⋅12H₂O and pure silica sand, and melting the batches in chamotte crucible at 1400-1450°C of gas furnace. These glass samples were analysed and the following results were obtained, as shown in the table 1.
(2) These glass samples were crushed and sieved to grains of dia. 0.75-0.49mm, i.e., passing through 64 meshes/cm²-sieve and remaining on 144 meshes/cm²-sieve. These grains were throughly washed by absolute alcohol and completely dried in desiccator. The solubility of glass in water was treated in the following two ways:
(A) The first method is to heat 5g of the above prepared glass grains in silver gauze suspended in silver beaker with 200cc of distilled water for 2 hours on water bath under atmospheric pressure
(B) The second is the autoclave method, i.e., 5g of the glass grains were taken in silver gauze suspended crucible with 40cc distilled water and heated for 2 hours in an autoclave under pressures of live steam of (a) 5 atm. and ca. 150-152°C or (b) 10 atm. and ca. 180-181°C.
After these treatments of both methods, the water was decanted and washed, and then titrated by N/50-H₂SO₄ solution to determine the amounts of dissolved alkaline, and the glass grains in silver gauze were weighed to obtain the decrease of dissolved part. The (A) method is nearly equal to those of the Shefield method of English origin and the D. G. G. method of German origin (W. E. S. Turner, Bull. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 1935, 14, 168) The results were fully compared in the following tables 2 and 3.
Table 2-Comparison of Solubilities of Various Glass Samples in Water by the Powder Method under Atmospheric Pressure
From these results, it is seen that the order of resistibility of glasses by the acid component is B₂O₃>TiO₂>P₂O₅ in the case of replacing to SiO₂ in the small amount of 2-8%.
Table 3-Comparison of Solubilities of Various Glass Samples in Water by the Powder Method Heated at Higher Steam Pressure 5 or 10 Atm. in Autoclave
It is seen from these results, that the order of resistibility to water at the higher pressure is quite equal to that at the atmospheric pressure in the table 2. But the solubilities of the glasses containing 3-8% of phosphoric acid SCN-PI, SCN-PII and SCN-PIII are remarkably increased, which is perhaps owing to the formation and separation of insoluble Ca₃ (PO₄)₂ to the opaque glass in the presence of large amount of CaO and P₂O₅. The glasses SCN-Bα, SCN-Bβ and SCN-BI, containing small amounts of B₂O₃ 0.9-2.5%, are not so good water-resistible.

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The following are studies made with influences of arsenious oxide added into glass batches.
(1) The color variation, the state of oxidation of iron oxide, and the transmission curves have been studied of soda-lime-iron oxide-silica glass by taking up several batches of said glass whose iron oxide content is about 2%, increasing therein gradually the amount of arsenious oxide ranging from 0.5% to 6%
(2) It has been observed that as the centent of arsenious oxide in the batches increases the color of the glass slightly intensifies its yellowish tone, and as to the oxidation of the iron oxide in the glasses it shows no variation as is seen from the following table: -
(3) Judged from the ratio of FeO/FeO+Fe₂O₃ contained in the glasses it is understood that arsenious oxide is more powerful oxidizing agent than sodium nitrate.
(4) The transmission curves of these glasses have been investigated by taking up specimens of said glasses having thickness of about 1mm.
These curves intersect each other substantially at 500-510mμ.
(5) Next, it is known that the shortest wavelength that transmits the glass moves toward longer wave lengthes as the content of arsenious oxide increases, and at the same time the transmission at 700mμ. becomes higher.

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(1) 某社製燒塊粉末及び之に石膏2.5%を混和したセメントを用ゐ, 軟練モルタルの耐壓力に與ふる添加物の影響を求めた。但し水セメント比は0.60, セメント砂比は1:3, 供試體の大さは直徑5cm, 高さ10cm, 添加量は多くは1-5%である。添加物は硫酸鹽12種, 硝酸鹽6種, 鹽化物12種, 臭化物5種並に酸化鐵, 水酸化鐵, 水酸化バリウム, 珪弗化ソーダ, 安息香酸, 醋酸ソーダ, 炭酸アンモニア, 燐酸鐵である。材齡は3-28日だが稀にオートクレーブ加熱後の強度を測定した。
尚ほ燒塊粉末及びセメントにも10種の鹽類を多くは1-5%添加し, 之に10倍の水を加へ30℃の恒温に於て15分乃至5時間振盪した後に石灰溶出量を測定した。
(2) 燒塊粉末に於ては硫酸銅, 硫酸マンガン, 鹽化銅, 安息香酸, 珪弗化ソーダ等を除き大多數の化合物が早期強度を増加した。
(3) 石膏の入つたセメントでは鹽化鐵が著しく早期強度を増加し, 鹽化鉛, 鹽化銅以外の鹽化物は總て有效であつた。此他臭化石灰, 炭酸アンモニア及び硫酸鐵も強度を増加したが, 多數の硫酸鹽類, 硝酸鹽類, 酸化鐵, 水酸化鐵, 燐酸鐵等は強度を害した。即ち石膏入セメントの場合に在ては大多數の化合物が強度を害した又有效な化合物でも強度増加率が低かつた。
(4) 添加化合物の陽イオン及び陰イオンと其強度に對する影響との間には明かな規則性が見られない。
(5) 以上の結果を國吉五六氏がセメント規格の方法で試驗せられた結果と比較すると著しい矛盾又は差異を認める。即ち水量に依て此影響が變はることが判かる。
(6) 石灰溶出量と強度との關係は十分明かでない。
本研究は財團法人手島工業教育資金團から研究費の補助を受けた。著者等は該財團に對して衷心感謝するものである。

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