Electric conduction and dielectric properties of the bismuth borate glasses were determined over the entire region of homogeneous glass formation (31-80 Bi
2O
3mol%). The electric conduction is affected by water in the glass. The glasses containing the least amount of water could be obtained when reagent grade chemicals of Bi
2O
3 and B
2O
3 were melted in the vacuum furnace.
The results on the electric conduction are summarized as follows:
1) The temperature dependence of conduction was given by
ε=ε
0exp(-
ΔHdc/
kT)
in which ε is conductivity,
ΔHdc activation energy of conduction,
T absolute temperature,
k Boltzman's constant and ε
0 constant. The activation energies increased from 1.12eV (80Bi
2O
3mol%) to 1.59eV (31mol%). The values of ε
0 were about 10
3ohm
-1cm
-1.
2) The dielectric rlaxations with very long relaxation time were observed and the relaxation frequency was given by
fm=
fm0exp(-
ΔHac/
kT)
in which
ΔHac is activation energy of relaxation and
fm0 constant. The values of
fm0 were about 10
13Hz. The following correlations were obtained between the conduction and the dielectric relaxation,
ΔHdc≅
ΔHacε≅2πε
0Δε
fmin which ε
0 is dielectric constant of free space and
Δε magnitude of the dielectric dispersion.
3) The conductivity decreased as the pressure increased and the frequency of dielectric relaxation was shifted to lower frequency side.
The obtained values of
ΔHdc, ε
0,
ΔHac and
fm0 were compared with those of the glasses of three different types (alkali oxide glasses, transition metal-containing oxide glasses and chalcogenide glasses). And it was found that those values of bismuth borate glasses were agreed very well with those of the alkali oxide glasses. As described in 3), the conductivity decreased as the pressure increased. The investigations on the pressure dependence of conduction show that the conductivity of alkali oxide glasses decreases by applying pressure, while that of electronic conducting glasses increases. From the facts described above, we concluded that the conduction mechanism of bismuth borate glasses is ionic. From the composition dependence of conductivity and the calculated values of carrier concentration from
Δε, the conduction mechanism was ascribed to Bi
3+ ion migration and not to proton or a trace of alkali ion migration.
On the basis of the experimental results on dielectric properties the following problems were discussed, 1) polarization mechanism, 2) electronic polarizability of Bi
3+ ion and 3) the temperature dependence of dielectric constant.
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