The vectorcardiogram with the FRANK system in patients with hypertension, aortic in-sufficiency, mitral stenosis, pulmonary emphy-serna and atrial septal defect are collected and the criteria of left and right ventricular hypertrophy are presented. The criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy are as follows: 1) The magnitude of the main QRS vector in horizontal plane over 2.00 mV, and/or 2) The angle of the maximal T vector in horizontal plane over + 70°. The criteria of right ventricular hypertrophy are as follows: 1) Sx/Rx over 0.4, 2) The clockwise inscription or figure of eight of the horizontal T loop, and 3) The angle of the maximal T vector in horizontal plane less than O°. The specific criterion of atrial septal defect is the anterior convexity of the afferent limb of the left sagittal QRS loop.

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On account of the fact that the position of a U wave between the T and P waves is different in different cases even in the classically normal ECGs, the relation between the QU and the QQ intervals was clinically investigated in actual neurosis, vegetative dystonia, coronary insufficiency and normal control. For example, in actual neurosis pattern the U wave merges into the downstroke of the T wave associated with the concave RS-T elevation in mid- and left precordial leads, whilst in patients with vegetative dystonia the U wave tends to be accentuated and appears late from the end of the T wave.

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We have reported on experimental renal hypertension and its surgical procedure, especially in Reno-portal-shunt. The present paper deals with renal hypertension and its surgical procedure with reference to the disturbance of ATP-ATPase system. We found disturbance of ATP-ATPase in hypertensive dogs in contrast with normotensive and Reno (portal)anastomized dogs.

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Morphological changes of the intrahepatic vascular systems and mechanism of the development of the intralobular porto-hepatic anastomoses in the mouse liver in chronic carbon-tetrachloride intoxication were studied by means of microscopic vital observation and also by a new injection method in living animals with India ink. Existence of arterial sinusoids and their role in development of the intralobular communications were observed. With the advance of hepatic lesions, a decrease in width of the intrahepatic venous branches, which had occurred firstly in the most distal portions, attained gradually to the proximal divisions.

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A design was made of a new simultaneous recording device for three directional ballistocardiograms on the dog's frontal chest using a direct-body system. Physical characteristics of the pick-up device was analysed by a specially de-signed detector. Frequency response showed an accurate operation of the pick-up in a frequency range from I to 350cps. Output linearity of the pick-up was satisfactory within a maximum vibration amplitude of 0.25mm at 100cps. The anesthetized dog's ballistocardiograms obtained by the present pick-up showed a marked resemblance to that obtained from a non-anesthetized normal man except a few findings. The present device may be favorably employed to pursue the composing factors of ballistocardiographic waves on an experimental basis.

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For the elucidation of some characteristics of normal vectorcardiogram, the statistical analysis of instantaneous QRS vectors and analyticogeometrical analysis of vector-cardiogram were carried out in the strictly defined normal subjects, using the FRANK lead system. Results showed that spatial QRS loops were essentially two-dimensional and that the plane representing the spatial QRS loop was given by "plane-345" in the normal vectorcardiogram. Once the planarity of spatial QRS loop was proved, it was possible to think of spatial QRS plane represented by the plane-345. Some characteristics of normal vectorcardiogram were discussed in the light of rotation of spatial QRS plane.

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The pulmonary diffusing capacity (DL) is a value relating to the flow rate of gas across the alveolo-capillary membrane to the pressure gradient. In patients with cardio-pulmonary diseases, an impediment of DL is caused by many factors. The relationship between DL and plumonary hemodynamics or ventilatory functions was studied in order to clarify these f actors. Material and Methods In 14 normal subjects, 20 patients with cardiac valvular disease (mitral valvular disease 13 and aortic valvular disease 7), 15 patients with essential hypertension and 30 patients with chronic pulmonary disease (emphysema 9, asthma 16 and others), the pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) was measured by FILLEY'S steady state method. Right heart catheterization was performed simultaneously. Ventilatory functions were measured by 13.5 L Benedict-Roth respirometer. Results The average value of DLCO for 14 normal subjects was 15cc per minute per mmHg. These DLco values were divided by body surface area (DLco/M²), because DLco Was cor-related with BSA. Normal values for DLco/M² were in a range from 9 to 11cc per minutes per mmHg per squaremeter BSA. A. DLco in patients with various cardiopulmonary diseases 1) Cardiac valvular diseases a) mitral stenosis and mitral insufficiency DLco was slightly decreased in all patients with mitral stenosis and mitral insufficiency (7∼9cc/min/mmHg/M²). b) mitral steno-insufficiency DLco Was markedly decreased in all patients except for one patient (4.3∼5.9cc/min/mm Hg/M²). c) aortic steno-insufficiency DLco was within normal limits in 3 patients and slightly decreased in 4 patients (6.5∼8.5 cc/min/mmHg/M²). 2) Essential hypertension DLco was within normal limits in 6 patients, slightly decreased in 8 patients (6.8∼8.9cc/ min/mmHg/M²) and moderately decreased in one patient (5.7 cc/min/mmHg/M²).

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It has been considered that an altered vascular reactivity to various stimuli might play a role in the increased peripheral resistance in essential hypertension. This experiment was attempted to deter-mine the role of vascular reactivity in the mechanism of experimental renal hypertension. And it was designed to know the inter-relatronship of renal and neural factors in the maintenance mechanisms of chronic renal hypertension. Vascular responses to noradrenaline and angiotensin were compared by the isolated per-fusion of hindquarters preparations of rats in different groups ; acute and chronic experimental hypertensive rats, salt deficient or loaded rats and those given daily injections of angiotensin or noradrenaline. The results were as follows :-1) The response to noradrenaline and angiotensin were significantly increased in the chronic renal hypertensive group. (P<0.01) How-ever, the responses to noradrenaline and angiotensin were not increased in acute renal hypertension. 2) The responses to noradrenaline in DCA-salt hypertension and adrenal regeneration hypertension were in normal range. Responses to angiotensin were also unchanged in adrenal regeneration hypertension or adrenal insufficiency. 3) Noradrenaline responses were decreased in the salt deficient rats, while in the salt loaded group the responses were similar as the controls. 4) The responses to noradrenaline were slightly, though not significantly augmented in the angiotensin injected group. There were no increase in the responses to noradrenaline or angiotensin in the noradrenaline injected group. 5) No differences were found in mean initial pressures between the hypertensive and control rats. Since augmentation of responses to the vasopressor substances were found only in chronic renal hypertension and not in the other types of hypertension of the same duration, it was considered that this potentiation could not be explained merely by hypertrophy or other mechanical properties of the vascular walls produced by high blood pressure itself and peripheral vascular beds of chronic renal hypertension might have been sensitized by some mechanisms originating in renal factors. Furthermore, the responses to noradrenaline were also slightly augmented in rats having daily injections of angiotensin. Therefore, it is concluded that small doses of renin or angiotensin secreted from the ischemic kidney might be related to the hvperreactivity to the sympathetic neurohumoral substance, and thus participating in the maintenance of chronic renal hypertension.

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