The effect of the human ventricular electromotive force (E. M. F.) upon the formation of the QRS pattern in the precordial lead ECG was investigated with the special reference to the transfer impedance measured within the finite volume conductor of the human torso model. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the newly-devised method and bio-medical simulation technique to construct the QRS pattern of the precordial lead ECG, on the theoretical basis of the "multiple dipole concept". The electrical potential on the precordial lead point was obtained, at every time stage of ventricular depolarization process, by summing up all scalar products of individual unit vector of ventricular E. M. F. and its relevant transfer impedance vector (V=Σ^^n__i=1H^^→^t_i·Z^^→^t_i)· The QRS waves hus constructed are quite similar in configuration with those of clinical ECG actually recorded. The multiple dipole concept was discussed for the explanation of the genesis of the precordial QRS pattern, and furthermore the nature of "proximity effect" or "non-single fixed location dipolar component" was elucidated by the technique actually measuring transfer impedance vector.

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1) Urinary urea/nonurea ratio is closely related to urinary concentrating ability and indices indicating renal water economy in patients with renal diseases. 2) Two different responses between urinary concentrating ability or renal water economy to urinary urea/nonurea ratio in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis were observed. 3) Urea plays the role on urinary concentration and renal water economy under an optimal co-existence of nonurea solute. Urea itself was not effective enough to save water. 4) Clinical availability of the use of indices indicating renal water economy was demonstrated. 5) Urea transport in the renal medulla could not be explained by a passive diffusion.

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The mathematical treatment of the renal medulla was described. We took all functions into consideration; Henle's loops, the collecting ducts and vasa recta as functional units, sodium and urea as solutes and the movement of water. Since the function of the renal medulla is based upon the integrity of these factors, the model must include all these functions in order to be complete. The computation of this model was performed by analog computers. The results revealed that the osmolality and sodium concentration in the inner medulla can rise towards the tip of the medulla without an active sodium pump in the ascending thin limb of Henle's loops and the collecting ducts.

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Changes in the regulatory mechanism of the autonomic nervous system affect almost all organs including the cardiovascular system. The changes in the autonomic nervous system can be caused by an extremely abnormal mode of daily life such as a severely muscular (especially in athlets) or mentallytense daily life on one hand and a recumbent, sedentary or mentally-relaxed daily life on the other hand. Previously, the author indicated the possibility of electrocardiographic dif-ferentiation of an overload (abuse) and an overprotection (disuse) of the autonomic nervous systeml. This paper deals with electrocardiographic manifestations of these two extremes of vegetative cardiovascular disturbances.

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The vectorcardiogram has been generally used not only for clinical diagnosis of heart disease but also for understanding of electrical activity of the heart. The informations sup-plied from various parameters as to the spatial vectors were contained sufficiently in vector-cardiogram projected to three planes consisted of frontal, horizontal, and left sagittal planes, whereas the informations as to the time parameters may not be sufficiently contained in these planes. Therefore, in addition to the analysis of vector loop itself, quantitative analysis of X, Y and Z leads scalar electro-cardiogram is also desirable in order to provide the informations of time parameters. The main problem of quantitative study in vectorcardiogram has been focussed to analysis of QRS SE^^^ and T SE^^^ loops. However, vector-cardiographic study of P SE Ioop has been re-ported only a few. Moreover, those reports were almost limited to the study by the cube system. Provided the informations obtained from analysing various pararneters upon P SE loop are added to those from QRS SE and T SE Ioops diagnosis of heart disease by vector-cardiogram will be made more accurately. In this paper, P SE lopofvectorcardiogram and P wave of scalar electrocardiogram by Frank lead system were recorded from normal adults and were analysed. The material was divided into two groups consisting of the nor-mal young adults and the normal aged adults and the age trend was discussed. Materials and Methods Eighty-nine normal young male adults ranged from 17 to 36 years (mean 26.4 years) and 33 normal aged male adults ranged from 40 to 70 years (mean 52.9 years) were selected, totaling 122 cases. Young adults were arbitrarily selected from the office personnel of Nagoya University Hospital who had had roentogenographic and physical examinations and were presumed free from pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Aged adults were select-ed from the subjects who had had thorough examinations containing roentogenographic and physical examinations and were presumed free from not only pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases but central nervous system disorders, metabolic and deficiency diseases. Those who had displayed abnormalities of QRS complex, ST-T changes, supraventricular arrhythmia, bradycardia less than 60/min and tachycardia more than 90/min in standard 12 lead ECG were excluded from the both groups.

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Purpose and method Since KlNMONTH presented the paper reporting the original method for lymphangiography in 1952, the roentgenologic visualization by intralymphatic injection has been widely popularized. Morphologic observation of malignant metastasis of lymphtic nodes, primary malignant lymphomas and lymphedema have been done by this method. However, the study on the lymphatics itself following arterial or venous obstruction was seldom carried out. This paper airns to dissolve lymphangiographic aberration of maligant lymphatic tumor and arterial or venous disorder. This study has been continued between April 1963 and June 1967, 244 cases being underwent lymphangiography in our Surgical Department. Result I) Lymphangiographic findings following circulatory diseases. a) In the ischemic disease such as arteriosclerosis, thromboangiotitis obliterans or arterial embolism, etc., the femoral lymphatics are usually reduced the caliber and number of tributaries into the femoral glands. It will means that reduction of the arterial blood flow induce the decrease of lymphatic flow as well as the decrease of venous flow. b) The lymphangiographic findings in the venous stagnant diseases such as phlebothrombosis, thrombophlebitis or varicose vein showed individually different findings of lymphatics in the stage of the each disease. In the stage of the phlebothrombosis, the subcutaneous edema and discoloration of skin were appeared, and lymphatics were not always increased the number. In the stage of acute thrombophlebitis, lymphatics showed special findings so that dilatation, kinking, spindlar form and decrease number of lymphatics. Furthermore, in the chronic stage, Iymphedema was clinically demonstrated and very fine network of the lymphatics was illustrated by lymphangiography. However, when collateral veins were finally increased, edema was disappeared clinically and only partial varicose network was lymphangiographically remained. Consequently it seems to us that the lymphatics take place while the venous return is disturbed. However in the thrombophlebitis, subcutaneous edema was no longer disappeared and then shifted to lym phedema.

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The decisive role played by hypertension in the production of vascular lesions is well known. There is much argument as to whether endogenous pressor substances are able to produce vascular lesions. In our laboratory it has been clarified that a vascular permeability factor besides pressor factors is present in extracts of kidney cortex and might play an important role in the development of experimental cerebral hemorrhages in hypertensive rabbits caused by GOLD-BLATT technique. Thus the present studies were undertaken to investigate the biological and chemical properties of the vascular permeability factor obtained from human kidney cortex and its role in the pathogenesis of human vascular lesions, especially of cerebral hemorrhages. Materials and methods 1. Isolation of CPF in kidny tissue. Human kidneys obtained at autopsies were extensively perfused through a polyethylene tube inserted in the renal artery. The perfusion fluid was 10: 1 of saline added heparin. After the last traces of blood had been washed out medullar layer was removed and cortical layer cutted into small pieces which were washed with cold saline to eliminate the haemoglobin. The tissue was weighed and suspended in 2 vol. of the distilled water and then homogenized. The homogenates were kept over night in a cold room, and then centrifuged at 40000 × g for 30 minutes and the supernatant recentrifuged at 100000 g for 60 minutes. Sephadex G 100 and 1/50 M tris buffer were used for the gel filtration. 2. Preparation of antisera. The microsomal fraction isolated from human kidney cortex was treated with 0.5 per cent deoxycholate and was centrifuged at 105000 X g for 90 minutes. The supernatant thus obtained was separated into three sub-fractions by means of the fractional precipitation with ammonium sulphate. Sub-fraction 45 was dissolved with water and dialyzed against it. The antisere were obtained in rabbit using adjuvant technique.

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