1. Plasma angiotensinase activity was significantly increased in patients with various kinds of liver diseases. The patterns of angiotensinase activity in plasma from normal subjects and patients with liver diseases were compared by horizontal starch block electrophoresis. Angiotensinase activity in normal plasma was found only in the albumin zone, while in plasma from patients with liver diseases it was found not only in the albumin zone but also in the γ-globulin zone. On recovery of the patient, angiotensinase activity in the γ-globulin zone was not demonstrated. This angiotensinase, which was demonstrated electrophoretically in the γ-globulin zone, was named angiotensinase G. 2. On experimental liver damage in rabbits, the findings obtained in human beings were confirmed. 3. Angiotensinase G inactivated both α-asp¹-val⁵-angiotensin II and (α-asp¹(NH₂)-val⁵-angiotensin II, but did not inactivate β-asp¹ val⁵-angiotensin II. The optimal pH of the enzyme was between 6.8 and 7.1. The activity of the enzyme was completely inactivated by ethylenediaminetetraacetate treatment and the full activity was restored by addition of manganese. Its activity was inhibited by trasylol as well as diisopropylfluorophosphate. 4. Angiotensinase G could not be detected either in liver extract from normal rabbits or from rabbits with experimental liver damage. When normal rabbit plasma was incubated together with liver extract, angiotensinase G was demonstrated electrophoretically in the incubation mixture. In vitro experiments indicated that γ- or β-globulin fraction of plasma and a heat unstable and non-dialyzable substance in microsome fraction of liver cells were essential for the formation of angiotensinase G. 5. The appearance of angiotensinase G seemed to be one of the factors of an increase of plasma angiotensinase activity in liver diseases. The possible role of an increase of plasma angiotensinase activity on the contribution to the blood pressure reduction in liver diseases was discussed.

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In three cases, one with angina pectoris, two with mitral stenosis, we have had an opportunity of observing the systolic musical murmurs which were newly developed during the left heart catheterization. The possible genesises of this musical murmurs were discussed in this paper.

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The renin-angiotensin system in various forms of hypertension in younger adults, refractory edema and normal controls was studied by measurement of serum renin, of serum angiotensinase and angiotensin infusion test. The attitudes of the renin-angiotensin system in renovascular hypertension, malignant hypertension and primary aldosteronism were significantly different from that in normal controls. The renin-angiotensin system in refractory edema without hypertension was similar to that in renovascular hypertension. In hypertension with unknown cause, subjects with hypertensive disposition showed increased pressor response to angiotensin infusion in spite of normal levels of serum renin. The studies on the renin-angiotensin system by these examinations are useful for differentiation of various forms of hypertension.

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The P_V^^co2, was determined graphically by the rate of rise in CO₂ concentration while rebreathing pure oxygen. The reproducibility of consecutively determined P_V^^co2 was fairly well and it correlated significantly with the Pa_CO2= directly measured from arterial blood. To make the procedure determining the cardiac output strictly non-bloody, Pa_CO2 was also determined indirectly by the end-tidal gas analysis. The CO₂ output was measured conventionally. The P_V^^co2 and Pa_CO2 were converted to their con-tent with CO₂ dissociation curve for fully oxygenated blood, then the cardiac output was calculated applying these values to the Fick's formula. The range of the cardiac output determined consecutively during an hour was considered small enough to be included within the physiological fluctuation, and the cardiac output thus determined correlated significantly with that by direct Fick method. The cardiac output was significantly different between one another in three groups (healthy, ischemic heart disease and ischemic heart failure). The result agreed with that made by the dye dilution method and apexcardiogram. Having fairly good reproducibility and showing good accordance with the results by the other techniques, it was proved that this indirect Fick method is of great clinical use. Besides, the procedure does not give almost any mental or physical load to subjects.

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The authors have proved that "Assisted Circulation", which provides mechanical sup-port to failed cardiopulmonary function by the use of a pump-oxygenator or a pump alone, is highly effective for medically incurable acute or chronic cardiac failure. A number of clinical application of assisted circulation have been successfully made by the authors. As a rule, the organ subjected to any surgical intervention should be kept in a rest post-operatively and it is desirable that the function-al load to the organ should be lightened as much as possible. However, so far as cardiac surgery is concerned, this rule can not be applied to a postoperative patient and none of any powerful measures has seemingly been taken. Thus, it any powerful measures for supporting cardiopulmonary function is established, it must be greatly beneficial not only to a patient in cardiac surgery, but also to a poor risk patient with myocardial damage in general surgery, since it must provide expansion of surgical indication, increase of successful cases and improvement of prognosis. The author has made attempts to apply a type of assisted circulation, veno-arterial pumping, to a postoperative patient. Veno-arterial pumping is a method to assist a failed heart by sucking a part of venous blood from a vena cava or the right atrium and resending the blood into the aorta without oxygenation, using a pump alone. Veno-arterial pumping applied to a postoperative patient may necessarily be carried out for many hours and has a number of problems concerning the apparatus, perfusion technique, monitoring the patient, and, especially its effect on the organs in the lower half of the body which is perfused with venous blood. Therefore, the author has experimentally investigated the effect of prolonged veno-arterial pumping on the abdominal organs such as the liver, spleen, pancreas, small intestine and greater omentum.

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Kidney plays an important role to regulate, so-called "milieu interne" In the body. The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of electrolyte metabolism and renal circulation in state of respiratory acidosis induced by carbon dioxide inhalation. Material and Method Thirteen subjects with renal disease, the subjects with essential hypertension and six hospitalized normal subjects were observed for the study. Renal vein catheterization was performed. Arterial blood and renal venous blood were obtained from brachial artery and renal vein, before and during inhalation of 5% CO₂ for 30 minutes. And plasma sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate concentrations were determined respectively. Renal vascular resistance (RVR), renal vein pressure (RVP), renal plasma flow (RPF), renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and filtration fraction (FF) were measured before and during CO₂ inhalation. Results Carbon dioxide partial pressure (P_CO2) was increased and pH was decreased by 5% CO₂ inhalation both in arterial blood and renal venous blood in all subjects. Concentration of sodium, potassium and chloride of arterial blood and renal venous blood remained almost unchanged during CO₂ inhalation in all subjects. On the other hand bicarbonate concentration increased in both arterial and venous blood. Renal arterio-venous concentration difference of sodium (a-v Na-diff.) was decreased by CO₂ inhalation in the subjects with renal disease. A-v differences of potassium concentration (a-v K-diff.) and chloride (a-v Cl-diff.) had a tendency to decrease by CO₂ inhalation in the subjects with advanced renal disease. A-v difference of bicarbonate concenration (a-v HCO^-₃-diff.) had a tendency to increase by CO₂ inhalation in the subjects with advanced renal disease.

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Possibility was shown in the previous experiment that a relatively small amount of a certain derivative of Benzoylcarbinol (B.C.T.) when administered into rats with profound hypertension produced by renal ischemia, would display a suppressive effects on the development of widespread arterial lesions. The present experiment was carried out to obtain the further knowledge of useful dose of the drug to make such a effect. Daily administration of 10mg of B.C.T., as well as 25mg, der Kg of body weights into the renal hypertensive rats was more effective than that of 5mg or 100mg. Significant increase in number of the hypertensive rats without vascular lesions was found in group of either 10mg or 25mg of B.C.T. but not in group of Anginin (Antibradykinin). And also the severity and extent of damaged arteries seen in the splanchnic organs and the heart tended to be decreased in group of the same dose of B.C.T.

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Doubtlessly there are a number of factors participating in the pathogenesis of arterio-sclerosis, and it has been immunologically and dietetically established through experiments on animals that lipemia and a chronological factor, above all, are playing important roles. As the origin of the lipid deposited on the sclerotic lesion opinions are diversified ; some attributing it to blood, others to the synthesis in the arterial wall and so forth, but at present the former seems to have gained general acceptance. Any lipid in a living body exists in the form of lipoprotein, therefore, if the lipid in the sclerotic lesion is to have been derived from blood, the process may have been accomplished through lipoprotein. There have been so far a few reports concerning the influx of lipid into the aortic endothelium studied with radioactive cholesterol as a tracer. In the present investigation, the influx of lipid in the form of lipoprotein was studied both in vitro and in vivo, and the following results were obtained : (Table I) Results A) In vitro 1) Determination of radioactivity of the various component of lipids in serum low and high density lipoproteins were made three hours after the administration of cholesterol-4-C¹⁴ to the rabbit. Both with low and high density lipoproteins, most of the radioactivity was seen concentrated on free cholesterol. 2) Using the above mentioned low and high density lipoproteins, the aortic wall of the rabbit was incubated for three hours within the Warburg aparatus confiming the survival of the tissue. As a result, it was found that the influx in the normal aortic endothelium was higher than that in the plaque area. The value was also higher for the normal aortic endothelium plus mesothelium than that for the plaques. It appeared that radioactivity was reduced in the aortic wall denatured by 30 minutes boiling, compared with that the living one.

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