Phenylalanine and proline in this order were liberated more predominantly at pH 5.0 during short incubation periods by rat kidney lysosomal fraction, followed by slight releasing of histidine, valine or isoleucine. It was observed that the amino acids released were limited to four successive ones from COOH-terminal during short incubation up to 15 minutes in degradation of angiotensin II. Therefore, the possibility of endopeptidasic (chymotrypsin-like) and exopeptidasic actions was suggested in the present investigation.

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Hemodynamics of the hepatic circulation in shock or marked hypotension due to bleeding and acetylcholine were studied using adult dogs. The portal flow and portal hepatic arterial flow ratio were measured with the electric conduction method using the salt solution as the indicatior. The arterial, portal venous and hepatic venous pressure were measured by catheterization. The experiments have shown that the hepatic circulatory change due to bleeding consists of two phases i.e. compensatory and incompensatory phase. In the former, hepatic flow decreases without any change of arterial blood pressure with the increases mesenteric capillary resistance. In the latter blood pressure decreases with the increases intrahepatic portal resistance with the resultant pooling of the blood in the portal region. The shock due to acetylcholine was shown to be hemodynamically similar to incompensatory phase of bleeding. Hemodynamic adjustment by the relative increase of hepatic arterial flow, compared with the portal, in shock or hypotension was also stressed.

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ECG characteristics of well-trained endurance athletes who are in state of training vagotonia were investigated in comparison with male and female controls of the same age group. The effects of sympathicotonia on these ECG characteristics of training vagotonia were also investigated by recording ECG immediately after 100 meter dash in endurance athletes. Thus, ECG charcteristics of endurance athletes could be divided into 2 groups, an cute and a chronic effect of maximal exercise. On the basis of these observations and inferences the athletic heart was clssified into 5 stages, and their probable ECG manifestations were reasoned.

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An on-line system to analyze cardiac arrhythmias was developed by the use of a small scale digital computer. In this system, the electrocardiographic signals were fed into the computer, being adjusted within the input range by a buffer amplifier. The analog signals of each electrocardiogram were converted to the digital form at the rate of 1, 000 per second for 20 seconds by the analog-to-digital converter insatlled in the computer. Thus, the digitized electrocardiogram was processed by the diagnostic program. The computation time for the parameter measurements and the interpretation of an electrocardiogram by this system was about 15 seconds. The automated systems of this type would serve as a diagnostic aid for physicians in the routine electrocardiographic interpretation and the mass screening of heart diseases.

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This is a report of a case of coronary and cerebral embolism occurred in a patient with mitral steno-insufficiency. Clinical diagnosis of coronary and cerebral embolism was made by evidences of left hemiplegia and myocardial infarction shown by electrocardiogram. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy and postmortem coronary angiography disclosed the location of the coronary embolus.

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There have been many experimental reports of metabolic and physiological changes in the heart muscle under various ischemic conditions, however, very few studies are available on ammonia metabolism in the ischemic myocardium. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the myocardial metabolism in the ischemic heart with special reference to ammonia and its related substances. Method : Twenty four adult mongrel dogs were used Myocardial ischemia was produced by inserting fluoroscopically a Cournand catheter into the left coronary artery through the left carotid artery. By means of the special coronary sinus catheterization technique, the coronary A-V differences were measured on the concentrations of ammonia, urea, glutamine, amino acids, lactate, pyruvate and α-ceketoglutarate. Oxygen content and pH in coronary arterial and sinus blood were also measured. Coronary blood flow, systemic blood pressure and ECG were recorded with simultaneous blood sampling at three points: before the ischemic condition (control), 5 minutes after the insertion of a catheter into the coronary artery (during ischemia) and 10 minutes after the withdrawal of the catheter (recovery). Myocardial contents of high energy phosphates (ATP, ADP and AMP), inorganic phosphorus, and ammonia were also estimated 5 minutes after the insertion of the catheter. Result and Discussion Hemodynamic and ECG changes occurred immediately after the coronary artery catheterization. Decreases in arterial systolic pressure, coronary flow and pulse rate were observed during ischemia. ST-T changes were variable. After the withdrawal of the catheter coronary flow and pulse rate recovered and even increased, though blood pressure and ST-T changes had no significant recovery. Myocardial external work showed a significant decrease during ischemia. In some cases cardiac arrest was observed. Under the rschemic condition, myocardial (apical portion) ammonia content increased significantly. Coronary A-V differences of ammonia and glutamine inclined to release during ischemia. A significant correlation between the changes in the coronary A-V differences of ammonia and glutamine was found (γ=-0.754). There were little changes in urea and arginine content of arterial or coronary sinus blood. Coronary A-V differences of glutamic acid and alanine inclined to take-up during ischemia.

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The intracellular oxydation reduction reaction is summed up to binding of hydrogen and oxygen into water through the electron transport system. ATP which is a key member of energy supplying agents is produced mainly by this electron transport system. From these facts it may be considered that significant changes of cardiac function will be induced by myocardial ischemia. The electron spin resonance (ESR) study has been used as a medical and biological technique which has been able to give us clues for clarifying the biochemical reaction mechanisms. The purpose of this paper is to examine the usefullness of ESR as an index of myocardial hypoxia. Method Twenty four adult mongrel dogs were used. The methods of production of myocardial ischemia and blood sampling study were almost same as described in Part I. Coronary artery and sinus blood were centrifuged (3000/min, 5 min) to separate plasma which was soon frozen by dipping the container into aceton dryice. Heart muscle was thrown into liquid nitrogen soon after cutting off. The frozen muscle was then powdered with liquid nitrogen in a mortar. The frozen powdered plasma or muscle was dried by the freezing desiccator. Suction period was about 1.5 hours in cases of the plasma sample, and 3 hours in cases of the muscle sample. The dried materials were packed into the special glass tube for ESR spectrometry, then weighed, and stored in a refrigerator at -20°C. JES-3BS-X type ESR spectrometer was used to obtain the ESR signal which was a differential curve of a free radical concentration curve. In this paper ESR intensity was calculated as follows : ESR intensity = the hight of signal from a material / the hight of signal from a standard substance. MnCl₂ was used as a standard substance. Result and Discussion The intensity of ESR signal may be influenced by many factors, such as hemolysis, leaving period of materials at room temperature, suction duration of vacuum pump, and condition of ESR equipment. ESR signals in this experiment were stable within 0.2% of hemolytic percentage, within 60 minutes of leaving at room temperature, within 28 days of storage at -20°C. There were about 10% standard error of ESR intensities which were obtained from 6 samples of the same material and about 6 % standard error of ESR intensities which were obtained from 6 time estimation of the same sample. In normal condition coronary A-V difference of ESR intensity showed no significant tendency. ESR intensities of normal heart muscle (mean 1.011) were greater than that of normal plasma (mean 0.349). During ischemic condition coronary A-V difference of ESR intensity tended to release from the myocardium. From these data it is suggested that free radical concentration increases in the ischemic myocardium where there may be disturbance in the electron transport system. Although free radicals can appear in many biochemical reactions in the living cells, free radicals in this experiment can originate from the intramitochondrial electron transport system, especially from flavin enzymes, taking the bibliographical data into consideration. Some medica-ments were administered intravenously 30 minutes after the onset of ischemia. Coronary A-V difference of ESR intensity tended to increase of release after epirenamine hydrochloride injection, whereas it tended to decrease of release after dipyridamole or theophylline ethylenediamine injection. All these medicaments increase the coronary flow in some ways. It may be considered that ESR signals reflect mainly the relative smoothness of oxygenation of the myocardium. Summary 1, ESR intensities of normal heart muscle were greater than that of normal plasma. Greater ESR intensities were found in the ischemic muscle and plasma than that in normal muscle and plasma. [the rest omitted]

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1 It is important to secure the mathematical model of indicator dilution curves for the theoretical investigation of the dilution method. [numerical formula] Formula (1) reported by E. V. Newman in 1951, give us a clear explanation for the formation of dye dilution curves. But due to the insufficiency of its experimental proof in human subjects and the difficulty of the treatment of exponential equations, this formula has not been so available. For the purpose of the experimental proof of Newman's theory, we tried to decide the values of constants in formula (1), and to compose the dilution curve from the formula. In experiments, we used 1-2cc of 2% Coomasie blue solution, and after the injection into the Basilic vein, added the flashing by physiological NaCl solution. The dilution curves were recorded by ear-piece method. For Newman's theory, the assumption of instantaneous injection is the most important premise. When this assumption is satisfied, the author named such dilution curves the simple dilution curves. As we set the injection site on the Basilic vein, that condition was only approximately satisfied. And in such cases, adequate values of V₁, V₂, v₃ can not be found. Hence, the dilution curve required to be corrected at analysis. From Newman's formula, following simultaneous equations (2), (3), (4) have been led. [numerical formula] From these simultaneous equations, we may find easily the following relations with geometrical considerations on λ-μ plane. Suppose tanα=C^^-_p/A^^, the equations mean that λ₁, λ₂, λ₃ are the λ-ordinates of three intersections of the curve μ=e^-tap/λ with a straight line, which makes an angle α with λ-axis. Simultaneously, three points on the curve μ=e^-ti/λ of which λ-ordinates are λ-₁, λ₂, λ₃, stand on a straight line. Having known the values of C^^-1, A^^-, t_gt t_i by the clinical experiment, we may obtain the values of λ₁, λ₂, λ₃ with graphical method, using the above-mentioned relations.

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The present paper is concerned with qualitative and quantitative analysis of changes in vectorcardiogram (VCG) characteristic of the systolic and diastolic overloading of the left ventricle, which may, be more markedly manifested in essential hypertension and aortic regurgitation respectively. The results obtained are as follows : Materials and Methods 120 patients with essential hypertension (EH group) and 24 patients with aortic regurgitation (AI group), and 73 normal adults (control group) were subjected to this investigation. Spatial VCG with the Frank system in three planar projections were simultaneously photo-graphed, and three scalar ECG as well as conventional ECG of 12 leads were also coincidentally recorded. For precise analysis of the time factor, vector loops enlarged 15 times through a photographic projector were traced on a paper. Based upon these documents, X, Y and Z components in each instantaneous QRS vector, spatial maximum QRS and T vector were measured. The variables thus obtained were analyticogeometrically analyzed by means of the digital computer "OKITAC 5090 H", managed at the Computation Center of Kyushu University. Results and Discussions 2. 1. Directions of the initlal and terminal QRS vector (Table I). As shown in Table I, the initial QRS vector are frequently directed anterosuperiorly to the right, comprising 60 per cent of the EH and 58 per cent of the AI group. Only one case among the AI group showed the left and posterosuperior direction. The terminal QRS vector is mostly directed to the right posteriorly in the control group (85%). The left and posterosuperior direction in the terminal QRS vector was seen in 13.3 per cent of the control group, whereas in 26.6 and 50 per cent of the EH and AI groups respectively. 2. 2. Rotating directions (Table II). Counterclockwise rotation (CCW) of the frontal QRS loop was observed in 21.7 per cnt of the EH, showing a tendency similar to the control group (20.5%). On the other hand, the incidence of clockwise rotation (CW) was significantly smaller among the EH group (8.3%). CCW rotation of the frontal QRS loop was observed in 66.7 per cnt of the AI group. CW rotation of the horizontal QRS loop was observed in 16.7 per cnt of the AI group, while any sign of CW rotation is not observable in the EH and control groups. CW rotation of the horizontal and sagittal T loop was observed in 80 per cnt of the EH and AI groups.

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Hypertension is noted for its very slow but long clinical course. It is important to predict the case prior to the development of organic changes in the cardiovascular system. The prognosis of hypertension is considered poor when the case is complicated with cardiac disturbances. It is well known that hypertension frequently causes left ventricular hypertrophy as a result of hemodynamic overloading. Many reports have been made on the electrocardiographic findings in left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensives. However, it is one of the most difficult diagnostic procedures to predict left ventricular hypertrophy on the basis of electrocardiogram. It seems that many criteria proposed for left ventricular hypertrophy so far reported have failed to reach any agreement. The present study was made on possible relationship between vectorcardiographic findings and severity in hypertensives. Material and Method One-hundred and thirty-six cases with essential hypertension were studied. Forty cases without cardiovascular disorders were studied a controls. The subjects studied were divided into 4 groups, from I to IV, according to their severity. The chest was X rayed; the conventional twelve lead electrocardiogram and the vectorcardiogram on Frank's system were recorded at the same time. On the vectorcardiogram, the pattern of QRS loop in horizontal plane, direction and magnitude of maximal QRS vector and maximal T vector, leftward, rightward, anterior, posterior, superior and inferior diameter of QRS loop, width / length ratio of T loop, QRS-T angle and magnitude of maximal T vector/magnitude of maximal QRS vector ratio, etc. were discussed in reference to the grade of severity of hypertension. Result Regarding the pattern of QRS loop in horizontal plane and the grade of severity, Normal type was more frequently found in mild cases (Grade I), than other groups (Grade II to IV), and Left ventricular Hypertrophic type was frequently found in more advanced cases (Grade III to IV). There was no Normal type in severe and progressive cases (Grade III and IV). The magnitude of maximal QRS vector both in frontal and horizontal planes was correlated with the grade of severity and was greater in severe cases.

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