A cooperative population study of a heavily endemic village of schistosomiasis japonica was proceeded in January, 1968. The total population of the village was 764 and 513 individuals (67%) were surveyed. Electrocardiograms of 317 adults were analysed by Minnesota Code. The skin test by Schistosome antigen and its threshold value for positive response revealed that the relatively older males over forty years of age had been severely infected. Statistical analysis showed the higher incidence of electrocardiographic abnormalities in the positive skin test group than the negative group in the older males. The result suggested the possibility of cardiac injuries in schistosomiasis japonica.

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Using a hemagglutination technique, streptococcal type-specific antibody was studied in sera of patients with various types of nephritis. The close relation-ship between streptococcal infections and Ellis' Type I nephritis is presented.

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The characteristics of the aortic baroreceptor reflex activities in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) were studied by electrophysiological approach-es. After systemic blood pressure was reduced by hyperventilation to a sufficiently low level (50 to 60mmHg), mixture solution of noradrenaline and angiotensin was infused intravenously so that a variety of systemic blood pressure levels which caused a full range of the. aortic baroreceptor firing could be obtained. The aortic baroreceptor activities were. recorded simultaneously with systemic blood pressure, and the firing rates of the former were. plotted against the various levels of the latter. These experimental procedures were carried out both on SHR and control rats, and the results were compared between the two groups. The results could be summarized as follows. 1. The mean blood pressure-firing rate curve in SHR showed a shift to the higher blood pressure level. 2. The range of blood pressure within which the aortic baroreceptors showed a response was significantly expanded in SHR in comparison with controls. 3. Natural blood pressure in SHR was above the value which was postulated to represent the greatest reflex producing point of the mean blood pressure-firing rate curve, while in controls their normal blood pressure was below or around the point. These findings indicate that the aortic baroreceptor function in SHR was reset to the higher blood pressure. Besides, it is suggested that SHR will not be favoured with so effective a buffer action of baroreceptors as in controls against an abnormal blood pressure-raising disturbance such as stress.

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Two cases of bilateral bundle branch block (BBBB) with atrioventricular (A-V) block were reported, and their mechanisms were discussed. Case 1, a 29-year-old unmarried police sergeant. On the day of admission, the electrocardiogram showed BBBB with 6 : 1 to 3 : 1 second degree A-V block. Transitions between LBBB and RBBB and the reverse were mostly prompt, and a QRS complex of an intermediate configuration rarely appeared. In general, the faster the atrial rate was, the severer was A-V block. The sinus rhythm was resumed on the 3rd hospital day with RBBB. The stabilized anteroseptal infarction pattern which had been present for 3 years before admission was disappeared as a result of this permanent RBBB. The Valsalva maneuver, hyperventilation and pressure on the eyeballs disclosed hypersensitivity of the autonomic nervous system, especially of the cardiac vagus. It should be emphasized that there were neither clinical symptoms nor laboratory findings of myocardial infarction, inflammation, metabolic disorders and drug intoxications. Outstanding features were that BBBB occurred after long-standing mental tension and bodily exhaustion due to daily preparation for a pass examination far into the night and frequent interruption of his short sleep by traffic accidents in the district of his jurisdiction. Case 2, a 68-year-old widow. She had been visiting the out-patient clinic, and her electrocardiogram had shown complete RBBB with regular sinus rhythm. The electrocardiogram on admission showed complete A-V block with complete LBBB and 2 : 1 A-V block with complete RBBB. The transitions between the 2 were gradual. During the transitions, there occurred a QRS complex of normal conduction, accelerated conduction, incomplete LBBB and incomplete RBBB. Also in this case, the faster the atrial rate was, the severer was A-V block. Before the normalization of A-V conduction, the PR interval was once prolonged as long as 0.46 second in 1 : 1 A-V conduction and shortened to 0.16 second in 2 : 1 A-V conduction. Occasionally, the PR interval was progressively pro-longed and then progressively shortened and vice versa. LBBB with complete A-V block disappeared on the 21st hospital day, but RBBB was left unaltered with regular sinus rhythm. Also in this case, there were neither clinical symptoms nor laboratory findings of myocardial infarction, in-flammation, metabolic disorders and drug in-toxications. It should be stressed that the patient was shocked when she saw her daughter's husband drunken throw her grandson down on the ground before the onset of BBBB with A-V block. Her daughter was a business woman, and she had to take care of her grandson. Moreover, she and her daughter's husband were always on bad terms, and her sleep was frequently interrupted by violence of her daughter's husband returning home drunken late at night.

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The effects of the massive administration of dexamethasone on renal function during and after extracorporeal circulation have been studied clinically on sixty patients undergoing open heart surgery and experimentally on ten mongrel dogs undergoing total body perfusion, and the following results have been obtained: 1. Dexamethasone, given in massive doses, in-creases the urinary output during and after total body perfusion. The increased urinary volume is not due to water diuresis, but is due to solute diuresis. 2. One mg/kg of dexamethasone, given before perfusion, may be an adequate dose, but its effects on renal function might differ between children and adults. 3. Glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow may be satisfactorily maintained during and after perfusion due to the decreased renal vascular resistance brought on by a massive administration of dexamethasone, although no significant difference could be clinically demonstrated. 4. Dexamethasone may act on the distal renal tubules, but, judging from the alterations of excreted electrolytes and osmolality in cases of massive administration, it may also effect the proximal renal tubules. 5. Dexamethasone may have no effect on the plasma antidiuretic hormone.

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Strophanthin-G toxicity was tested in isolated guinea-pig atria, in vitro. The toxicity was figured out by measuring the time required to arrest spontaneous atrial contraction in a medium in which concentrations of inorganic ions were modified and by estimating the potassium and sodium contents in atria having suffered a toxic dose of strophanthin-G. The toxicity was markedly lessened by a medium containing a low concentration of sodium chloride or by the presence of trimetazidine. The action of trimetazidine on strophanthin-G in atria has been discussed.

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A study has been made of serial fibrinolytic activity during hemodialysis in 8 patients under-going chronic hemodialysis with Kiil type dialyser. Whole plasmin level tended to increase after the beginning of the hemodialysis within normal range. Eugloblin clot lysis time was significantly decreased. Streptokinase activated eugloblin fraction lysis area on standard plate was increased shortly after the beginning of the hemodialysis and returned to the level of before. Streptokinase activated eugloblin fraction lysis area on heated plate resulted in no appreciable changes. Anti-plasmin activity elevated slightly in 10 minutes after the beginning of hemodialysis. Fibrinogen concentration was significantly increased compared with normal level and the serial value was significantly decreased during hemodialysis. Namely lowered fibrinogen levels and slightly increased fibrinolytic activity was found in this series, although these tendency was revealed within normal range.

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