日本作物学会紀事
Online ISSN : 1349-0990
Print ISSN : 0011-1848
ISSN-L : 0011-1848
27 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の51件中1~50を表示しています
  • 岡本 嘉
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 1-2
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The absorption and the translocation of N, P2O5 and K2O in the paddy rice plant of Non-Si plot in comparison with that of Si plot were analysed. Results obtained are shown in Fig. 1∼6. The quantities of the absorbed and translocated elements in the rice plant of Non-Si plot were smaller than these of Si plot. Especially, translocation of N and P2O5 to panicle from the other organs of the plant of Non-Si plot were little in quantitiy.
  • 戸刈 義次, 柏倉 康光
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 3-5
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Paddy rice plants, variety Norin No. 29, cultured under various light intensities and levels of nitrogen were examined for sterility. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The occurrence of sterility increased, associated with an increase in the level of nitrogen and a decrease in the light intensity during a month prior to heading. 2) A negative correlation was consistently observed between the occurrence of sterility and number of pollens on a stigma counted about 1.5 hours after flowering. 3) It was observed that the sterility under high levels of nitrogen and low light intensities was caused by inhibition of pollination resulted from incomplete dehiscing of anthers and abnormal behaviour of filament at the time of flowering.
  • 松島 省三, 和田 源七
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 6-8
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1) Two further experiments have been carried out to confirm the hypothesis, derived from the previous experiments (XLI, Vol. XXVI. No. 1.), that the gradient of sugar concentration in a rice plant is one of the most influential factors in determining the rate of translocation. From the experiments following facts have newly been made clear, as can be seen in Table 1: (1) the rate of translocation is markedly disturbed even in a midday by shading the rice plants, and (2) sugar concentration in a rice plant gradients in the order of leaf-blade>sheath>culm>panicle, and the gradient between a leaf-blade and a panicle is the larger at the time when the translocation is the more active. 2) Entire plants being subjected to different temperatures for 20 days after heading, the relation of the rate of translocation to the temperature has also been experimented. From the experiment it has been elucidated that the rate of translocation increases with the temperature up to about 25°C, but it seems to keep almost constant in higher temperatures than 25°C, as can be seen in Fig. 1 and 2. 3) Enabling the rice plant to favour its photosynthetic activity, the nitrogenous top-dressing at the time just after heading has been proved to play an important roll in increasing the percentage of ripened grains on many cases where rice plants have less contents than 1.25% in total nitrogen at heading time, as seen in Table 2.
  • 村田 吉男, 猪山 純一郎
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 9-11
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Photosynthesis and dry-matter-production were investigated with the rice plants grown on the field under heavy manured and dense planted conditions, and the following results were obtained: 1) The experimental formulae which the authors postulated (1957) on the composition of the field photosynthetic ability of rice plants and on the light curves of their field photosynthesis, can also be applied to those plants grown under the above-mentioned conditions. 2) While the rates of dry-matter-production in dense planted, heavy manured plots are higher than the normal spaced, normal manured control plot, under abundant solar radiation, the relation is reversed when the solar radiation is scarce. This was explained from the balance between photosynthesis and respiration by introducing an idea of 'limiting intensity of solar radiation' for dry-matter-production. 3) The rate of dry-matter-accumulation in ears under scanty solar radiation is mainly deter-mined by the two factors ; the amount of total dry matter accumulated by the heading stage, and the rate of respiration, of the community.
  • 村田 吉男, 長田 明夫
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 12-14
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Photosynthetic characteristics of nine varieties and their relation to dry-matter-production were investigated under two levels of manuring on the field, the results being as follows : 1) Different features were found with different varieties in their photosynthetic ability both on field area basis and on leaf area basis, their total leaf area, their light-receiving-coefficients, and their relations between photosynthetic activity and respiration of unit leaf area. 2) The authors' experimental formulae expressing the composision of the field photosynthetic ability or the light curves of field photosynthesis, were shown to be applicable to different varieties as well. 3) The dry-matter-production of varieties at their later stages is determined mainly by the difference in their photosynthetic ability on unit field area so long as the solar radiation is abundant, while it is governed mainly by the difference in their respiration when the solar radiation is scarce.
  • 八柳 三郎, 高橋 鴻七郎, 村上 利男, 酒井 英
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 15-16
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    It has been already made clear by the authors and other investigators that the rooting ability of upland nursery seedlings of rice plants was higher than that of lowland ones, particularly under low-temperature. We obtained the following results by the further study on this aspect. The water content of upland seedlings after transplanting decreased little in comparison with that of lowland ones. Moreover the ratio of protein N/total N, trichloroacetic acid soluble organic P/total P, the Starch content and the activity of ascorbic acid oxidase were higher in upland seedlings than in lowland ones, especially in the base parts of the seedling. It seemed that there is some correlation between the rooting ability and the activity of ascorbic acid oxidase in the base parts of seedling. From these results it was considered that the rooting ability of nursery seedlings seems to be more responsible for the contents in fhe base parts than the upper parts of the seedling and under low-temperature to be more responsible for the activity to transform those contents to energy than the quantity of contents itself.
  • 渋谷 紀起
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 17-20
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Cortical lacunas in older regions of rice roots are formed by the radial unification of intercellular spaces which enlarge as the reflection of radial contractions of cortical cells. This means that no lacuna is lysigenous. The degree of contraction of cortical cells in rice roots is variable in accordance with the nutrient employed for the culture of rice seedlings : Potassium and pure water accelerate the contraction, but inorganic nitrogenous nutrient, especially NH4-N, inhibits it. According to paper electrophoresis, older regions of roots have always less proteins per fresh weight than younger regions. These results show that the less the cytoplasmic proteins in older cortical cells, the longer the distal young parts of the roots, and that the decrease of cytoplasm in cortical cells is one of the promotive factors for the histogenesis of lacunas. The elongation of distal part of the root is associated with the increase of root length and mostly with the branching in the root. Elongation and branching are as well accelerated by the sugars in the top or in the medium as potassium absorbed in seedlings, but inhibited by ammonious nitrogen. Excretion of soluble nitrogenous substances from cortical cells induced by IAA is an assumable cause of the formation of lacunas.
  • 相見 霊三, 藤巻 和子
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 21-24
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    根の"活力"というものを何等かの方法で端的に表示できないものであろうか. それには先ず根の中における物質と酵素の種類・強さ及び分布をしらべそれを基にして元気のある若い根と衰えた古い根とで比較したら, その差から何か活力を示すに足る特性をつかみ出せはしないだろうかという観点からこの実験を行つた. その結果, (1) 根の分裂帯では蛋白態カリ, 有機態鉄, 燐酸, 遊離SH, 蛋白態SH, アルギニン, 酸性及びアルカリフオスファターゼ, 脱水素酵素等の如く物質の合成や分解等の代謝に特に関係のあると思われる物質や酵素が多量に分布していることが分る. これに反し, エネルギー源となるような澱粉や還元糖の炭水化物は分裂帯には殆んど見出すことが出来ない. これは分裂帯に於て非常に活溌な代謝が行われている為, これら炭水化物は強く消費されているためと思われる. 従つて根が正常な機能を営むためには地上部からの栄養が絶えず送られていることが必要で, 地上部と根との間に非常に密接な生理的関係が成り立つていることがこの事からも想像される. (2) 脱水素酵素は若い根に於ては分裂帯は勿論, 根全体に強い活性をもち, 古い根に於ても分裂帯は強い活性をもつている. この酵素の活性は, 根の古くなるに従つて弱くなつていき, 老化した根や死んだ根では遂に検出されなくなる. 従つてテトラゾリウムによる脱水素酵素の反応は根の活力を診断する一方法として用いられるものと思われる. (3) 根冠は酵素及び物質の分布からみて, 根のその他の組織と異る特徴を示しているように思われる. 即ち澱粉, フオスフオリラーゼ等, 他の部分では非常に弱くしか検出されないものが強く分布し, 一方パーオキシダーゼ, フオスファターゼ, 燐酸, 蛋白態カリのような根の他の組織にも強く分布するような物質も又根冠に見出される. このようなことから根冠は根の先端器官としての機能を司るのに何か特別の構成をもつているように思われる.
  • 山口 邦夫, 斎藤 正一, 伊藤 俊一
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 25-27
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the early planting culture of rice at the northern parts in Japan, total number of spikelets per hill is increased, but sometimes percentage of fertile grains is lowered as compared with the standard culture. In the early planting culture, the air-dry weight of straws per hill was found heavier than that of standard culture during the initial stage of ripening and the weight decreased rapidly with the progress of ripening ; thus showing that the larger amount of reserve substances is stored in the straw and is translocated into the ears. This must be very favorable to the ripening. But when we consider the straw weight in proportion to the total spikelets, the value is always smaller during the whole process of ripening than that of standard culture. This fact may be one reason of lowered percentage of fertile grain. However, degree of decreasing of fertile grain % is smaller than degree of decrase in air-dry weight of straw per unit number of spikelets in comparison with standard culture. And, moreover, weight of 1000 hulled grains is heavier in early culture. Then, we can assume that in the early culture photosynthesis and translocation are going more actively than the standard culture during the ripening of grains, and this assumption is supported by the fact that the plants of early culture contain higher percentage of water during the period of ripening.
  • 太田 保夫, 山田 登
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 28-30
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    水稲農林8号を水苗代及び畑苗代で育苗し, 7月1日ポットに移植し, その後30日間に亘つて第1図に示すごとき室温の硝子室内で生育せしめた. 畑苗の生育は低温区に於て特に水苗より勝り, 体内炭水化物含量について興味ある特長を示す (第4図). すなわち畑苗は澱粉及び全糖の含量が高く, 全炭水化物中でこれら成分の占める割合が高い. 水苗, 畑苗を問わず低温区では全炭水化物中で澱粉及び全糖の占める割合が高く, 温度によるこの差異は寒地と暖地に生育する水稲の炭水化物成分含量にちがいのあることを示している. 実験期間中に水稲体によつて吸収された二, 三無機成分の量を第1表に示すが, それによれば畑苗は水苗に較べて甚だ多量の吸収を行つている. もとより乾物重の増加が畑苗に於て著しく大であるから, このことは当然であると考えられるが, しかしマンガン, 窒素, 燐酸, 加里, 鉄は低温区に於て水苗に対する畑苗の乾物重の割合よりさらに著しく高い割合で吸収されており, 畑苗は低温下に於てこれら成分の吸収力が高いことを示している. 高温区では水苗に対する畑苗のこれら成分の吸収量の比率と, 乾物重の比率との間に大きな差異がないが, しかしこの場合にも加里及びマンガンの吸収量の比率は乾物重の比率より高く, 高温に於ても畑苗はこれら成分の吸収が水苗より高いことを示す. 畑苗のこの性質は寒地に於ける早植栽培に役立つているが, 初期生育の不良になり勝ちな湿田に於ても有効であろうと考えられる.
  • 香山 俊秋, 宮坂 昭, 武舎 武保, 伊藤 栄治
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 31-34
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the previous meetings we reported that the root system of rice plant as well as the growth, yield and chemical composition of the top were influenced by surface-draining in the in-drained paddy field. Considering that the increase of Top/Root ratio by surface-draining treatment was due to the increase of the roots function, we began the morphological and anatomical investigations on the rice roots, with referrence to water management, as a preliminary step of physiological investigations. We cultured rice plants in the paddy field in 1956, and young plants in Wagner's-pots in 1957. We divided the growth stage into two parts-the earlier stage and the latter stage, combining draining treatment with them respectively, and obtained four plots-the irrigation-irrigation plot, irrigation-drainage plot (irrigated in the earlier stage, but, drained in the latter stage), drainage-irrigation plot, and drainage-drainage plot. We divided rice roots into four classes-A·B·C·D-chiefly by their colour, and found that the ratio of lightly colored roots (A·B) were increased, but the ratio of heavily colored roots (C·D) were decreased by surface-drainage. For the anatomical study, we made permanent preparations by the paraffin method, and classified lignificating grades by the intensity of safranin staining. The remaining rates of epidermal cells, exodermal cells, parenchymatous cells of the cortex tended to decrease, but the thickness of cell wall, and lignification degrees of sclerenchyma and endodermis in the cortex, metaxylem and fundamental thick-walled parenchyma in the stele tended to increase, in proportion to the intensity of the outside colour, and with the lapse of time. As to the influence of the water management, the remaining rates of epidermal cells, exodermal cells, and parenchymatous cells of cortex, the thickness of cell walls, and lignification grades of sclerenchyma, endodermis in the cortex, metaxylem and fundamental thick-walled parenchyma in the stele, tended to increase by surface-draining treatment.
  • 白鳥 孝治, 山口 尚夫, 松本 直治
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 35-36
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to suppress "Akagare" disease, we tried a foliar spray of urea, potassium and manganese. The results show that spraying of urea-potassium and urea-manganese was the most effective. The plant that suppressed "Akagare" contained more amount of carbohydrate, developed many fresh root and less blackened root. Therefore we suppose that the suppression of "Akagare" by the foliar spray depends on the increase of carbohydrate content and promotion of the activity of the root.
  • 泉 清一, 中江 克己, 姫田 正美
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 37-39
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    For the purpose of studing the effect of the roughness of ploughing and harrowing, upon the growth of the paddy rice a series of experiments were performed. The results were as follows : 1) The early growth of the rice plants, planted on roughly ploughed and harrowed paddy field, was worse than the growth of the plant growing on intensively ploughed and harrowed field. But at a later stage, the growth of the plant on the both fields becomes nearly equal. 2) The soil of the roughly ploughed field contained less NH3-N than the intensively ploughed field. Probably, this is the cause of the difference in the growth of the both fields. 3) The difference in growth of both fields can be controlled a little by the method of manuaring.
  • 森谷 睦夫, 佐藤 昭介
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 40-42
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. Rice seedlings were grown under various levels of phosphate fertilizing in upland seed-bed. One of the important characters of upland seedlings, high level of starch accumulation at transplanting time, was strengthened by an adequate assimilation of phosphate. Such seedlings, when transplanted in the field, surpassed the others in rooting, growing, and incidentally, yielding abilities. For the adaptation to such bad environments as low temperature or less light intensity, seedlings were needed to reserve a little higher phosphate level. 2. Rice seeds were soaked in phosphate solution of various concentration, and also ionized phosphate solution made by electro-osmosis. Positive effects were obtained on the growth of seedlings, especially, root development by the both treatments. As the former, 0.1∼0.05 molar solutions were most effectual. As the latter, there were no significant differences between ionic values of phosphate of sodium salts ionized, and co-existence with such anions as silicate or molybdate did not increase the effect of phosphate ion. Agar coating of seed with phosphate also promoted the rooting ability of young seedlings.
  • 森脇 勉
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 43-44
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    To clarify the occurrence of sterility in rice plants and its varietal differences in rice plants grown under the condition of cold water irrigation, investigations were conducted by using four varieties which have different resistabilities against cold water irrigation. Having established plots of four different water temperatures, ranging from low to nearly optimum, the author examined the number of pollens adhered on the stigma and pollen germination on it. In addition to this, he observed both developments of anthers and pollens involved in them during the period of flower development. Main results were as follows : 1) Low water temperatures give rise to less pollens adhering on the stigmas. Resistabilities of varieties against cold water irrigation were correlated positively with numbers of pollens on the stigma. 2) It is inferable that there might be less significant difference in pollen germination between both warm and cold plots. 3) Damaged plants due to cold water irrigation bore anthers of smaller size as compared with those of non-damaged.
  • 渡部 忠世, 梅景 修, 早司 昌弘
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 45-46
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In glutinous grains of some cereals, it is observed that glassy ton of grain colour changes into the milky white as the desiccating proceeds. This phenomenon has been called the "Ryokka". In this experiment, the authors examined how the phenomenon was affected by different desiccating conditions which consisted of twenty series combining both different temperatures and relative humidities as shown in Table I. The glutinous rice variety named Taisyo-moti was used. Main results were as follows : 1) The higher desiccating temperatures reduced water contents of grains more rapidly to the lower equilibrium of it than the lower temperature did, when the relative humidity was kept constant. On the other hand, in the case of constant temperature, lower humidities showed more rapid decrease of water contents than higher ones, being followed by the lower equilibrium as well as in the former case. 2) Under a certain definite temperature condition, it depends merely upon the grade of relative humidity whether the Ryokka phenomenon happens in glutinous grains or not. In other words, the higher the desiccating temperature was, the higher humidity made the milky white appearance in grains. At the lowered temperatures, the lower humidity must be necessary for the phenomenon. The limits of humidity corresponding to the temperature were as those : 70°C.……85%, 50°C. ……82%, 30°C. ……71.5%, 10°C. ……25% 3) The higher desiccating temperatures made water contents of grains lower at the time the Ryokka happened, in contrasts to the comparatively higher water contents at the lower temperatures (Table 2). That is, at higher temperatures glutinous grains need the greater extent of drying for the phenomenon and vice versa. This fact is very interesting, but the reason remains to be solved.
  • 植田 宰輔, 太田 勇
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 47-48
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present studies were carried out to observe anatomical difference in the structure of the starch cell layer among normal, trash and white-core kernels of rice. The starch cells in normal grain might be divided into three different types in sharp and are able to be diagramed as Fig. 1. The structure of the starch cell layer developed in a trash grain was different from that in a normal kernel, especially, there existed remarkable differences among green, brasted and notchedbelly kernel. On the sections of a white-core kernel of rice, it was observed that in rectangular cell layer of starch cells there were two peculiar structures. One of them was a small crack and the other a slender line along the dorso-ventral diameter of the kernel. But the reason why they were turned out, was quite dark in this observation.
  • 長戸 一雄, 江幡 守衛
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 49-51
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    White-core rice kernel which has an opaque part in the center of grain, has long been appreciated by brewers in Japan. In order to find out the mechanism of white-core occurrence authors have made some experiments over two years with two rice varieties Hyogo-Omachi (1956, 57) and Hattan-Jugo (1957). White-core grain percent was high in the grains of vigorous position on the ear. And the grain weight of the kernels with white core was bigger than normal kernels of the same position. Results of an investigation on grain size revealed that white-core grains were significantly longer and wider than normal grains, indicating a vigorousity in primary seed growth. Partial cutting of panicle in early stages of seed development markedly increased the percentages of white-core grain. Five-day shading treatments around heading time resulted in considerable decreases of white core percent. Nitrogen dressing around the same period was revealed to be contributive to increased percentage of white-core grains. The results of these experiments led to a conclusion that favorable conditions to the primary seed growth accelerated white core forming in the grains resulting in the delaying of secondary growth of kernels and in the consequent insufficiency of starch filling in a flatish tissue around the center of young kernel. An once-ill-filled tissue seemed to remain opaque and inactive in the course of maturity in disregard of the progress of transparency in the outer tissues.
  • 野田 愛三, 林 甚太郎
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 52-54
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Experiments were performed to investigate the nature of coleorhiza of seeds and following results were obtained. 1) The part of embryo that appears first out of seed at the germination differs with the kind of plants. However, in husked grain coleorhiza breaks seed coat first in all cases at the germination. 2) The coleorhiza tissue was consisted of parenchyma cells and contained no vascular bandle. The boundary between coleorhiza and scutellum, or epiblast became distinct at the germination. 3) The growth of the 1st., the 2nd and the 3rd seminal roots of seedlings with coleorhiza removed was inferior to that of untreated ones. 4) The depression of freezing point of coleorhiza tissue of white dent corn was similar with that of seminal root tissue. The pretty high osmotic pressure in the coleorhiza seems to serve the active suction of water by the tissue. 5) P32 painted on the coleorhiza was translocated into various parts of wheat seedling in 24 hours after treatment. Results were shown in Table 3 and autoradiography was shown in Fig 4. By these results, P32 painted on coleorhiza was shown to be translocated to plimule and radicle.
  • 小倉 忠治
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 55-57
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The auther has studied on bleeding and guttation of seedlings of upland rice varieties in comparison with lowland rice. The main results were as follows : 1) When both rice seedlings were cultured in upland and lowland conditions, bleeding of upland rice seedling was always inferior to that lowland rice till third leaf stage, but the superiority of bleeding of upland rice seedling over that of lowland rice seedling was recognized after fourth leaf stage. 2) The auther recognized that these inclination are mainly due to increase of root pressure in seedling of upland condition and of water absorptive surface of root in seedling of lowland condition. 3) It is remarkable point that these stages of rice plants fall on turning-point of absorption of nutrition.
  • 山田 一郎
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 58-60
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The movement of the protoplasm in pollen tube is generally streaming accompanied with rotation. The movement was able to be observed at first when pollen tube reached 30YAMADA∼35μ in length for 5 minutes after setting of pollen on the media. The rate of protoplasmic streaming (μ/sec.) was measured under microscope from that time. It was found that the initial rate of streaming (5∼10 minutes after pollen setting) was very high in Japanese varieties, but it became low as the time went on. In foreign varieties, on the contrary, the rate was very low during the whole course. These results are shown in Figure 1. The results obtained under various temperature conditions are given in Figure 2. According to those, the rate of streaming increased as the temperature rose to some extent. The maximum streaming rate was recognized only at 30°C among all plots for 5∼10 minutes after pollen setting. The rotating movement of the protoplasm ceased at 40°∼45°C, and the streaming also at nearly 10°C. Changes of the streaming rate with time under different temperature conditions were examined by using two Japanese varieties (Figure 3). At 30°C the initial rate of streaming was very high, but it was then slowed down and ceased. Under 15°and 20°C conditions, the rate were always low during the whole period of the experiment. However when the temperature rose to 38°C, the rate fell between those of 30°and 15°C. In the case of 25°C condition, the intermediate values between 30°and 38°C were obtained.
  • 朝隈 純隆
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 61-66
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1) Both in the early (from late March to middle of August) and the late cropping (from middle of July to late October), the "number of days from seeding to heading (D. H.)" of the seedlings detained in the nursery bed including the early and late varieties were same with the thin or dense seeding despite of the delay of the speed of leaf appearing or the diminishing of the numbers of leaves in the dense seeding. On the other hand the so-called short-day varieties differentiated the young ears under the comparatively long day-length (13∼14 hours) both in the early and late croppings. From these results it is conceivable that the (D. H.) of rice under the natural day-length is mainly affected by temperature and that when the effects of temperature are amounted to some definites the heading is taken place, so that the "accumulated temperature (A. T.)" is concerned. 2) The (A. T.) from seeding to heading was larger in the early cropping than in the late cropping in all varieties. From this ahd the results of above, the ideas of the "uneffective temperature (x)" and the "quantity of the effective temperature (y)" are notable. From these ideas the author calculated (x) and (y) as follows. (D. H)=y/Average temperature of everyday-x………(1) y={(A. T.) in the early cropping}-{(D. H.) in the early cropping}×(x)…………(2) y={A. T.) in the late cropping}-{(D. H.) in the late cropping}×(x)…………(3) The data from these calculations reveal that the (x) is smaller in the early varieties than the late varieties and the (y) is varied according to the varieties. 3) Moreover the existence of the supra-maximum temperature was conceivable from other results.
  • 藤井 義典
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 67-70
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The author has been studied on the growth of the roots in connection with growth of the above-ground parts in rice and wheat plants. Thus, the author found that the close relationship exists between growth of the roots and growth of the above-ground parts by external morphological and partial physiological studies. In this experiment with rice plants, the author observed the connection and development of the vascular bundles in the leaves and the roots, especially the correlation between the vascular bundles which down to the node from the leaf and arrangement of the roots. 1) The vascular bundles in the internode run longitudinally with parallel in each other. And the author found that the nodal plexus developed exceedingly at the node and connected across with vascular bundles which down to the node from the leaf. Thus, we can assume that the node is fitted to controll the movement of water and nutrients. 2) The roots always developed from the outermost peripheral bundles. When the internode didn't elongate, the outermost peripheral bundles developed both in the internode and in the node. Therefors the roots emergenced from these two parts. 3) However when the internode elongated, the roots do not emergence from the internode but only the node. In that case, judging from the fact that the vascular bundles, which run to the leaf, and the roots in the same node branched at the same time, we recognized the fact that the number of the vascular bundles and the roots primordia were almost equally. 4) Considering from these results, the author found that not only the number of vascular bundles which run to the leaf and the roots at the successive node showed the Whigh correlation, but also they have close relationship in their growth.
  • 藤井 定吉, 吉田 鎮雄
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 71-74
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In 1957 two varieties of rice plant (Rikuu No. 132 and Norin No. 8) were grown under the condition of long day until they were treated with ten cycles of short photoperiod at the age of eight main-stem leaves or later at the age of ten or twelve ones. Before or after the treatment of short day ammonium sulfate was applied. The plants were exposed again to the long day after the treatment. For comparison, plants were grown continuously under the long day. For the condition of long day the natural daylight was supplemented by the illumination of 40 lux or so for three hours in the midnight. In the relatively insensitive variety to the short day "Rikuu No. 132", there was no difference in the floral initiation and the time of heading between the plant of high nitrogen level given ten photoinductive cycles in the younger age and the plant under the long day. On the other hand the plant of low nitrogen level was induced photoperiodically to the extent as the floral initiation was accelerated and the time of heading was seven days earlier compared with that of high nitrogen level. In the relatively sensitive variety to the short day "Norin No. 8", the floral initiation and the time of heading of the plant of high nitrogen level during the treatment of short day in the younger age were delayed also, compared with those of the plant of low nitrogen, but were earlier than those of the plant under the long day. In the plants of high nitrogen level some main stems could not bring about heading and some others produced deformed ears. Moreover, most of these plants formed a few misshapen leaves in tillers. Such a deformity was the same as the one found by YOSHIDA, one of the authors, in his studies on the photoperiodic after-effect in the rice plant exposed to the long day after insufficient treatment of only several photoinductive cycles. Therefore, it is certain that in these plants the inhibition of photoperiodic induction was brought about. Inhibition of photoperiodic induction in the plant of high nitrogen level during the treatment of short day in the older age was decreased in the variety Rikuu No. 132 and it was uncertain in the variety Norin No. 8.
  • 関谷 福司
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 75-76
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1) This investigation was undertaken to determine the developmental process of the tillering primordium and tillering bud in rice seedlings. 2) Rice seedlings used in this study were nursed in sand culture from the sowing to the stages of the third foliage leaf, and after then in water culture. Harvested samples were fiked in mixtured fluid of Formalin, Acetic-acid and Alcohol, and microscopic examinations were carried out whether the samples were made of paraffin sections or were anatomized by hand. 3) The results of this investigation are summarized as follows. a) The differentiation of the tillering primordium and tillering bud in rice plant, except the axil of the coleoptile, were seen at the axils of all the foliage leaves. b) The differentiation of the first tillering primordium is seen about 0.5∼1.0cm in length of plumule, and in this stage the differentiation of the 4 th main leaf is observed. The differentiation of the second -(8 th tillering primordia) are seen about the stage of the first∼7 th main leaves. And ih these stages, respectively the differentiation of the 5 th∼11 th main leaves are observed. c) The shape of the early differentiating stage of the tillering primordium is semi-spherical form, and in this stage the central core of tillering primordium is surrounded by the rudimentary dermatogen of a layer (Fig. 1). According to the development of the tillering primordium, the prophyll differentiation of tillering appears at the circuit of their upper parts, and the prophyll grows like surrounding the growing point of the tillering primordium, (Fig. 2) and at last it forms the tillering bud of peach shape. d) The developmental process of the tillering primordia and tillering buds were shown in Table 1.
  • 岩城 鹿十郎, 川合 通資, 池本 節雄
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 77-79
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The rice variety "Kyoto-Asahi" was grown in pots by sand-culture with the saline solution of various concentrations of from 0.1% to 0.6%. The amounts of chloride, nitrogen and carbohydrate accumulated in plants were titrated at approximately 10 day intervals from July 30 to Oct. 3. In plots of lower concentrations such as 0.1%-0.2% of salt, no significant difference was found from the control plot, or non-saline sclution, for the amount of each component. In the higher salt-concentration plots, particularly in 0.5-0.6%, the salt content in plants was much greater than that in control plot. The C1 percentage increased with the growth of plant to Aug. 21 (about young ear formation period), and then decreased with the progress of the generative growth. Thus the seasonal variation of C1 content is found, which may be probably connected with the pattern of the physiological activities of plant such as transpiration, absorption of water and nutriment etc. By the treatment of salt of higher concentration the amount of carbohydrate tended to decrease, and that of nitrogen increased at the former stage of growth. While the differences of the nitrogen content between the 0.3-0.4% treatment plots and the control were reduced so that no significance was found in the later stage after heading, the content of nitrogen in the 0.5-0.6% plots was obviously greater than that of plant in control plot until end of the stage. The differences of the carbohydrate content between treatment and control were greater with the progress of growth, and the accumulations in panicles of plants in treated plots were delayed and more scarce than in control plot, resulting the decline of yields. The injuries of growth and the damages of yield in rice plant caused by salt may be due to the physiological disturbance induced by the over-accumulation of nitrogen and the decrease of carbohydrate production.
  • 大泉 久一, 桂 勇
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 80-82
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1) System of foliar emergence in soybean plants, Ou-No. 13, was observed during 1955-57 in relation to the plant density, the manuring and the sowing time. 2) Foliar emergence of main stem had one or two turning points and was linear before and after this point and interval of each foliar emergence after this point was shorter than before. Interval of foliar development was markedly affected by the sowing time and it was fastened at the late planting than earlier. 3) Branches developed normally from downward node to upper node and the interval of foliar emergence of each branches was 3 or 4 days. Same as the main stem, the sowing time effected most upon this interval and it was fastened in the late sowing plot. 4) Simultaneous foliar emergence between main stem and branches was observed at the distance of 4 and 5 sections and these numbers of sections were varied a little according to the growth stage.
  • 笹村 静夫
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 83-86
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Experimental results obtained may be summarized as follows : 1) There is a critical photoperiod between 15 and 16 hours for the flowering of Oshoku-Aki soybean. (Fig. 2, 3). 2) The time of flower primordia formation of Oshoku-Aki soybean plant is not determined only by the gradual change of photoperiod such as the succession of seasons. (Fig. 2). 3) The time of expansion of leaves on the main stem is not affected by the photoperiod within the limits of 10-16 hours. (Fig. 3). 4) The time of flower primordia formation and flowering and the expansion of leaves on the main stem is more hastened by high temperatures (26°-30°C) than by low temperatures (14°-26°C). But, these are hastened no longer by temperature higher than 30°C. (Fig. 4, 5, 6, 7). 5) The rate of hastening time of flower primordia formation and flowering caused by high temperature is nearly equal to that of expansion of leaves on the main stem. (Fig. 4, 5, 7).
  • 永田 忠男
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 87-90
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    前報までに, 播種期による収量変化ともつとも関係のある着花の良否, とくに開花期間の長短, 日当開花数の多少には, 栽植密度, 摘心, 移植, 2, 3, 5-T撒布, 施肥等の栽培的処置が著しい影響を及ぼさないことを報告した. 本実験では, 秋大豆型赤莢白大豆を用い, 4~5月の早期に播種し, 開花前17日, 同7日 (1954), 開花前5日, 開花始, 開花後10日 (1955) より9時間の短日に移し, 次の結果を得た. (1) 花芽分化後の短日は開花期間を著しく短縮し, 日当開花数を増加する. (2) その効果は, 開花前7日~開花始に処理を開始したものに顕著であるが, 処理開始の早晩いずれに過ぎるも減少する. この結果と第2報の播種期試験の結果を比較すると, 標準区及び開花後10日よりの処理区は4~5月の早期播種に, 開花前17日よりの処埋区は7月以降の晩期播種に相当し, 開花前10日~開花始処理区は6月の適期播種に近似する. このことは大豆, とくに秋大豆型品種の播種適期を左右する要因として, 従来述べられてきた花芽分化期及び開花期に及ぼす日長の影響よりも, むしろ開花始後の開花期間及び日当開花数に及ぼす日長, すなわち花芽分化期後の日長の影響が重視されなばならぬことを示すものと言えよう. 従つて, 秋大豆型を早期播種した場合, 開花遅延に伴う茎葉過繁茂を抑制するために上記栽培的処置を行うことは, 減収防止上大きな効果を期待することができない. 秋大豆型大豆には適期播種がもつとも肝要であることを確認すべきである.
  • 田川 隆, 西山 保直
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 91-92
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present investigation was undertaken in order to obtain some information on the dormancy of the potato tubers from the view points of certain enzyme activities. To do this, the effects of some enzyme inhibitors, such as, KCN and diethyldithiocarbamate (Dieca), on the O2 uptake by the potato disks were studied. The results obtained may be summarized as follows : 1. The inhibition of O2 uptake by potato disks in the presence of Dieca was more pronounced during the rest period than that during the sprouting period of the tubers. 2. Although the O2 uptake by the potato disks was inhibited by the application of KCN during the rest period, as well as during the sprouting period, such inhibitioh was much significant during the sprouting period of the tubers. 3. With regard to the O2 uptake by the potato disks of which tubers were treated with Bervitan K to inhibit their sprouting, similar results were obtained as shown in 1 and 2. 4. The activity of tyrosinase in the homogenate which was obtained from the apical part of and cortex of the tubers was higher during the rest period as compared to that obtained after the rest period. 5. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) seems to be inactivated by potato tyrosinase in the presence of catechol and air. 6. It seems quite probable to assume that the copper enzyme, presumably tyrosinase in association with IAA may play some physiological role on the dormancy of the potato tubers.
  • 岡沢 養三
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 93-94
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    This investigation was undertaken to study the influence of 2.4-D on the tuber formation of the excised sprout tips of potato cultured on the nutrient medium in vitro. According to the results obtained, a remarkable increase of tuber formation of the potato due to the application of 2.4-D was recognized. At the same time, the accumulation of starch in the sprout tips cultured in the presence of 2.4-D increases distinctly keeping pace with the decrease of reducing sugar content. While the sprout treated with 2.4-D showed no significant variation in auxin level of the sprout, in spite of a slight loss of free auxin content. The experimental data mentioned above may be correlated with the onset of the tuberization. Further explanation on this phase of the decrease in free auxin content remains to be investigated.
  • 中 潤三郎, 玉置 秩
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 95-96
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Although numbers of studies on the growth and development of sweet potato roots have been reported by many investigators, few data concerning the physiological factors, especially on the accmulation of carbohydrates, are available. In the present paper, in extending the work on the physiological differences between the root tubers of varied developmental stages of sweet potatoes, particular attention was paid to make clear the interrelation between the activities of phosphorylase, phosphatase and amylase, together with the ascorbic acid and carbohydrate contents in the fibrous, pencil-like and tuberous roots. The variety "Okinawa No. 100" was used as material. The experimental results obtained at the later stage of its growth, are as follows : 1. The phosphorylase and phosphatase activities in the fibrous roots were least, while those in the tuberous roots were most pronounced and those in the pencil-like roots stand between them. It is interesting to note that these enzymes in the tuberous roots showed tendencies to increase their activities with increases of the growth in thickness of the root tubers. 2. Concerning amylase, the lowest activity was observed in the fibrous root, and the highest in the pencil-like root, and that in the tuberous root stands the middle of the two. In this case a negative correlation was recognized between the amylase activity and the degree of the growth in thickness of the root tuber. 3. The total and the reduced form of ascorbic acid contents were lowest in the fibrous, middle in the pencil-like, and highest in the tuberous roots. In the latter case a tendency to increase the ascorbic acid content with the growth in thickness of the root tuber was ascertained. On the other hand, the contents of oxidized form of ascorbic acid were lowest in the fibrous roots, highest in the pencil-like roots, and that in the tuberous roots stand between the two. And a tendency to decrease in its contents with the growth in thickness of the root tuber was observed. 4. The total sugar and starch contents were lowest in the fibrous, middle in the pencil-like, highest in the tuberous roots. In these cases the contents of total sugar decreased and these of starch increased with the growth in thickness of the root tubers.
  • 王置 秩, 中 潤三郎
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 97-98
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present investigation was undertaken to obtain some informations concerning the relations between the variations of carbohydrate and nitrogen contents in the tops and roots of broad bean plants during the entire growing period, using the variety "Sanuki-Nagasaya" as material. The results obtained may be summarized as follows : 1. In winter, the top growth was not remarkable and the root growth was considerably vigorous. But in spring, the former which was accompanied with flowering surpassed the latter, moreover, the root nodules began to collapse at the flowering stage. 2. In the tops, the carbohydrate and nitrogen contents was high at the early stage of growth, then decreased as the growth advanced, finally increased at the maturing stage. 3. In the roots, high sugar contents at the early stage related to the subsequent growth of the tops, roots and root nodules, besides, high starch contents at the maturing stage owed to the assimilates of the tops. On the other hand, high nitrogen contents especially high protein-N contents at almost all of the growing period related to the action of bacteroid and the collapse of the root nodules.
  • 浦野 啓司, 長瀬 嘉迪, 小口 忠彦
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 99-102
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The difference of growth, flowering, pod-setting, fruiting, exudation and water requirement of soybean as affected by changed of soil moisture content was investigated by pot culture, in 1956 and 1957. (1) In DW, Wet condition of soil (75% of maximum water capacity) in seedling period decreased dry weight of roots, amount and nitrogen content of exudation-sap in the period of flowering to fruiting, and then decreased the percentage of pod-setting and yield of grain. (2) Wet condition of soii (DW and WD) in previous period of flowering did not affected the yield df grain. (3) In DW and WD, wet condition of soil in flowering period increased dry weight of roots and efficiency of exudation, amount and nitrogen content of exudaton-sap, number of flowers, and then increased the percentage of pod-setting, number of pods and grain, and yield of grain. (4) Wet condition of soil (DW and WD) in fruiting period increased amount and nitrogen content of exudation-sap in late growing period, and then increased weight of 100 grains. In the only case of DW, the treatment increased yield of grain. (5) Abundant soil moisture content in culture of soybean increased water requirement. In this study, the effects of deficient soil moisture content (45% of maximum water capacity) are contrary to the effects of abundant soil moisture content and the result in the former was abbreviated.
  • 浦野 啓司, 坂口 進, 田中 悌
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 103-105
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    とうもろこしの着雌穂高は倒伏性と密接な関係にあるので着雌穂位置の低いことは育種上並に栽培上重要なことである. 着雌穂高は移植, 低温, 遮光処理等によつて変ることを知つたがその中で最も顕著な影響を示すのは日長処理であつた. 日長処理と着雌穂節位の関係を究明するため本実験では処理期間が着雌穂節位に及ぼす影響について実験を行なつた. 処理を明期8時間暗期16時間とした場合yucatan No. 16では処理を生育の後期に行う程着雌穂節位は上昇し日照と深い関係がある. 又処理を播種後20日目頃から40日間続けることにより最も早期に雌穂が分化した. たとえこれより早期に処理しても効果のないことから考えて花芽の分化の為めには処理前に植物体がある大きさに達していることが必要である. 雄穂が分化すると共に側芽の節位的分化は抑えられそのときの最上側芽が雌穂となり, 雄穂と雌穂の分化との間にある連関のあることを示す. 処理時期の如何に拘わらず全節数と着雌穂節位の比はほぼ3/4である.
  • 川原 治之助
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 106-108
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The differentiation of vascular elements in Zea mays roots proceeds centrifugally from late metaxylem, to early metaxylem, metaphloem, protophloem and protoxylem, but its maturation proceeds centripetally from protophloem to late metaxylem. The completion of vascular elements aparts 24-25 cm from root apex. The distances from root apex to the differentiation of vascular elements are shortened with root elongation, and Clowes'es generative centre does also. It depends upon the decrease of cell divisions in generative centre and differentiating zone.
  • 関塚 清蔵, 吉山 武敏
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 109-110
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    At every month from April to August, we have sownd 12 wild Tsurumame strains (Glicine gracilis) which were gathered from various districts in Japan and were selected and bred for 4 years at the field of Nasu Experiment Station. Some characteristics of them were investigated. 1) All these strains show autumn growing habit but have pretty different grades among strains. Because these stems grow till late autumn, they are considered usefull as Forage crop. 2) They are distributed every-where from Tohoku district to Kyushu district, especially the flowering-habits of some strains in Kyushu are more delayed than the others. 3) As a soiling crop they have practically extended sowing period from April to June.
  • 星野 正生, 守屋 直助, 池田 十五, 松本 フミエ
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 111-114
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The authors have been studying since 1955 the effects of environmental factors upon seed germination and seedling growth of grasses and Iegumes to furnish some basic data in the hope of contributing to the establishment and management of grassland. In this report the results dealing with light intensity on the growth of seedlings are presented. 1) The light intensity in a vegetation is roughly proportional to the height from the ground, and that near the surface is markedly reduced, showing the importance of light for the growth of seedling. 2) In shading experiments, it was found that the morphological characters of the seedlings could be classified into two types : (1) Characters diminishing with the diminuation of light intensity (A Group), and (2) Characters increasing with the decrease of light intensity while shading was slight and decreasing responding reversely to the advanced degree of shading (B Group). Majority of the characters belonged to B Group. In the response to shading, generally speaking, underground organs responded more remarkably than top organs. Among the species, the seedlings of gramineae were affected more strongly than those of legumes. 3) The seed size had large influence on the length of the period of exhaustion of stored nutrients, amount of growth living on stored nutrients, and the growth of seedling under shading.
  • 佐藤 久三
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 115-117
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The pod of kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.), when matured, contains usually only one seed. But the ovary at its young stage involves several ovules, ranging 2-4. In this experiment, some embryological observations were carried out, using two-ovuled ovaries, to know the causes concerned about formation of one-seeded pod. The results obtained are summarised as follows : 1) When classified by the ovule number in ovary, 81.5% of 363 ovaries examined were two-ovuled ovaries as shown in Fig. 1. 2) When the ovaries are classified by numbers of fertilized ovules involved, 17.4% of them contained only one fertilized ovule as shown in Fig. 2. Out of them, 8.7% contained one normal but non-fertilized ovule, the remained 8.7% contained one abnormal ovule in which the embryosac was not normally formed. Those ovaries should grow into one-seeded pods. 3) Meanwhile, 77.3% were the ovaries containing two fertilized ovules. In this case, however, the two fertilized ovules never develop evenly, but one of them was arrested in its growth and degenerated without exception. The degeneration of fertilized ovule began from about 4th day after pollination, and one-seeded pods were confirmed on about 7 th day. 4) As to the position of normal seeds in the pods, so far as this experiment is concerned, the seed-setting was found more highly at the apical (stylar) position of the ovary than at the basal as shown in Fig. 3. 5) As to the one-seeded pod formation in 3- and 4- ovuled ovaries, the main cause was the degeneration of fertilized ovules as in the case of two-ovuled ovaries.
  • 仁木 巖雄, 牛山 正昭
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 118-120
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The object of this experiment is to study the ecological effects of altitude on the annual herbage crops of Gramineae. Six locations were selected (Table 1), which were different in altitude but resembled each other in other conditions. Experimental plots were enclosed with wooden flames of 90cm square, and were filled with the soil which was taken from the same field. Oats (Avena sativa), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and Sudangrass (Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense) were planted in the same way at the each different location. The growth behaviour of the plants was observed and the chemical composition of the plant herbage was examined. Results obtained are shown in Table 2, 3 and 4. The response to the altitude varies according to the kind of crops. The cool weather growing annual plant which has the short growing period such as oats shows comparatively slight response to the altitude. And as a rule the higher the elevation gives the better effects to the growth and the quality of the plant. However the cool weather plant of long growing period such as Italian ryegrass shows a remarkable response to the altitude. At low altitude warm temperature retards the growth and the quality of the herbage, and at high altitude the growth is restricted by the lack of growing period. And at the intermediate altitude it can grow vigorously, because both temperature and rainfall are optimum to the plant. The warm weather annual plant such as Sudangrass cannot grow vigorously at high altitude. And with the increase of elevation, the percentage content of soluble nitrogen free extract increased, and crude protein and crude fiber diminished.
  • 山田 豊一, 坂倉 好
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 121-122
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Influence of drought was studied upon stolonation, node formation and rooting on an individual basis, using two strains of 8 x ladino clover, polyphyllous and large leaf type (A) and oligophyllous and small leaf type (B), grown under wet and dry soil conditions. From the results, as shown in Fig. 1 and Table 1, drought affects harmfully on the plant spread, especially clearly on stolon number and number of rooting nodes. As heigh foliage yield of ladino clover is mainly determined by these characteristics, soil water content is considered to be one of the most important factors to elevate its productivity.
  • 三浦 〓玖楼, 金木 良三
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 123-124
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    We carried out the experiment concerning the effect of Fe and Mn chelate compounds on the growth and yields of barley plant at both Tokorozawa dity in Saitama and Mobara city in Chiba prefecture. The metals stated above were supplied in water solution as such concentration as 10 p. p. m. to the 10 thousands kg. of surface soil per 1-tanbu, i. e. the concentration is 110 p. p. m. The seeding were practiced at October 31st, 1956 and the mature plants were harvested at June 1957. The results of experiment are as follows. 1) The growth habit of young plant was different between the Saitama characterized by lower temperature and the Chiba by higher temperature, i. e. the creeping habit at the former and the erect at the latter place. 2) At both places, however, it has been observed that the primary growth of barley in the treated plots were somewhat better than that of the control plots and the effect of the metals can be distinguished longer in the tillering than in the top hight. 3) And also the ratio of ear-bearing tillers to the total tillers was high in treated plot than control plots. 4) The yields of grains at the plots with the metals were increased at both places with significance at 95% level.
  • 木根渕 旨光, 斎藤 武雄, 戸谷 清美
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 125-126
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The authors reported in the previous paper that sterility in the top and lower parts of spikelets of barley is caused by nutritious impedements at the stage of flag-leaf emergence, and top-dressing of nitrogen fertilizers at that stage has good effects upon preventing from sterility. In this paper the effect of nitrogen fertilizer is studied in detail. 1. Development of spikelets, as indicated by the growth of palea and lemma, length of anther, length and wide of ovary, in top and lower parts of ears is later than the mid-ear spikelets capable of ripening: and even at the time of heading the floral organs do not attain the normal stage of growth and consequently impossible to seminating. Whereas, top-dressing of nitrogen at the stage of flag-leaf emergence accelerates growth of spikelets, and those spikelets that are likely to be degenerated can grow at the heading time in the same way as the normal spikelets, so that ripening is assured. 2. Any spikelet capable of ripening has a palea grown more than 8 mm at the heading time. A pistile and stamen of any spikelets having a palea of more than 8 mm, are ovserved to have seminiferous ability. Meanwhile in those spikelets with a palea of less than 8 mm, some abnormalities are seen such as looking of pollen in the anther, underdeveloped pollen, or underdeveloped stigma of pistile. 3. Growth of palea in length corresponds to growth of floral organs. Palea of normal spikelets is more than 8 mm at the heading time, and it was more than 5 mm at the stage of flag-leaf emergence. However Top-dressing of nitrogen at the flag-leaf emergence is effective to accelerated the growth, of underdeveloped spikelets having palea of about 5 mm and the length of palea can reach more than 8 mm when the heading time.
  • 富田 豊雄
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 127-128
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    To get a brief picture of Diffusate-component, paper-chromatographic and paper-electrophoretic analysis were done in this experiment. In the fomer analysis natural auxins and free amino acids in Diffusate were detected, in the latter analysis several nucleotide-like substances were skimmed. It is clear that there are two kinds of auxin, and both are neither IAA nor NAA judging from their Rf values and absorption spectra. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine and (phenylalanine) were the free amino acids found in Diffusate. Among these amino acids, however, aspartic acid and alanine may be dominating in quantity. Each substance fractionated by paper-electrophoresis has a curve of absorption spectrum of which max. is between 250 and 260 millimicrons.
  • 荒井 正雄, 片岡 孝義, 千坂 英雄
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 129-132
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    As a fundamental investigation of controlling Alopeculus aequalis, one of the dominant weeds in winter cropping on drained paddy fields, seed production and seed dissemination were studied. The results are as follows : 1. Continuous shading started half a month before or soon after heading time of the weed affected on the growth of the weed, viability of seeds at various stages of maturity and seed production (fig. 1-3). 50% shading of sunlight was less influential, except causing only slight decrease in the seed viability when shading was started half a month before heading. By 80% shading of sunlight which was much more influential on growth and seed production, number of viable seeds was decreased distinctly at various stages of maturity. It was caused by decreased number and low-ered viability of seeds as a result of decreased ear numbers and retarded ripenning respectively. 2. It was found that seeds of the weed lose easily their viability by storage in compost-high temperature treatment (fig. 4). Because the seeds were rapidly destroyed during fermentation process of the compost, the compost can not be the carrier for seed dissemination. It was also found that seed dissemination in fields takes place mainly with seeds shattered from weeds growing in field, and generally speaking, the following seeds are not so important (fig. 6): seeds produced last year which remain alive in soil, seeds shattered on field from weeds growing on footpath, and seeds carried by water from irrigation channel or neighbouring field.
  • 笠原 安夫
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 133-134
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1) In continuation of the earlier work, the present paper deals with the correlation and regression coefficients between crops and weed products, and the amount of weeds when competition starts. 2) Owing to the interspecific competition between crops and weeds, the presence of weeds in high density depresses the crop yields, the correlation and regression coeffecinets being significant (table 1). 3) It is suggested that there exists a linear relationship between the logarithm of the ratio of the average crop weight to the average weight of weeds and the logarithm of the regression coefficient related to crops and weeds products (fig. 1). 4) There is observed a curveilineal relationship between crop yields and weed products in logalithmic scale, and a start point of the curve when easily obtained, may prove useful in determining the time of onset of competition by weeds (fig. 2).
  • 高橋 恒二, 青野 英也, 田中 静夫, 簗瀬 好充
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 135-136
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to prevent the frost damage of the tea plant, a wind machine was manufactured in 1956, and the variation of temperature and relative humidity of the atmosphere near the ground in the tea garden, and the destruction of inversion layer by the intermittent blowing were researched in 1957-58. The temperature effect (ratio of temperature variation between the blown and not blown places) was differed with the temperature gradient of inversion layer. Namely, when the gradient was sharp the effect was remarkable, but it requires a powerful energy to destruct the inversion layer, consequently, the temperature effect was confined a narrow field. The temperature effect was more effectively used jointed with the heaters. The saturated vapor near the ground was agitated and the relative humidity was reduced by the wind blast. Accordingly the amount of dew on the tea garden was decreased. If the cold damage becomes severe by the frost, these effect by the wind blast are very effective to prevent the damage together with that of the temperature elevation by destructing the inversion layer.
  • 吉原 潔, 川鍋 [サチ]夫, 上野 昌彦
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 137-140
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In a mixture of some pasture plants, it was observed that the number of established seedlings was less than expected theoretically from numbers of seeds and their germination percentage (Table 2), especially legumes showed much difference (Table 1). The experiments were conducted in order to make clear the causes of this phenomenon and obtained following results. 1. Effect of soil covering treatment upon the seeds of two grasses and three legumes was examined with pots in a green house. The water level was regulated so that the soil moisture content may be kept at about 100% (plot A), 110% (plot B) and 120% (plot C) of maximum soil water capacity (Fig. 1). The effect of soil covering was distinct at plot A, but no effect was found at plot C which contained high soil moisture (Table 3). In the case of alfalfa, however, the effect of soil covering was remarkable even at plot C, and extremely poor establishment was observed at non soil-covering plot. On the contrary, Italian ryegrass was not influenced by soil covering and red clover, ladino clover and orchard grass showed intermediate. It was observed that under non soil-covering condition the seeds could not put their roots into the soil, although they could germinate. When the clear vinyl sheet was covered over the plot, establishment was well even in alfalfa sown under non soil covering condition. From the above test, it was considered that air humidity might be closely related to the establishment. 2. Effects of soil covering and soil packing on an establishment were studied under the fields condition. From the result of this examination (Table 4, 5, 6, 7), it was cleared that grasses (orchard grass, Italian ryegrass) were not influenced by soil covering, while legumes (ladino clover, red clover, alfalfa) were significantly affected. Soil covering did not affect on the establishment of grass on the field in spite of the remarkable influence in green house. It was supposed that above difference was because the field test was conducted under high air humidity (Fig. 2). Effect of soil packing upon each species was not found owing to no difference in soil moisture content between soil packing plot and non soil-packing plot, because of high precipitation during this experiment (6 mm per day). It was supposed, however, that the soil packing may have the effect under the case of low precipitation from the view point of soil moisture trend at Fig. 3. 3. It is necessary to cover the seeds with soil, because soil covering promotes not only their establishments but also their subsequent growth. Especially, legumes (alfalfa, red clover and ladino clover) need soil covering treatment, because of their impossibility to establish under low humidity condition.
  • 大島 栄司
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 141-142
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Experiments were carried out to investigate the photosynthetic activities of sugar beet plants. The results obtained are as follows: Each leaf of sugar beet plants had its own activity and the youngest matured leaf showed the highest activity. Photosynthetic amount per plant growing in the sugar beet plant community increased with enlargement of total leaf area but the amount did not increase at the same rate of enlargement of leaf area, then the ability decreased with reduction of total leaf area at maturing stage. Photosynthetic amount per 100 cm2 (leaf area) became lower in proportion to enlargement of total leaf area and showed the lowest amount at the maximum leaf area. Consequently it may be concluded that the leaves were shaded with each other and the light receiving coefficient became lower at the most flourishing stage.
  • 仙城 律, 酒井 正美
    1958 年 27 巻 1 号 p. 143-144
    発行日: 1958/10/01
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The results of the researches on the ecological and morphological characters of Coptis Japonica in Fukui Prefecture are as follows. 1) There are two kinds of Coptis Japonica in Fukui Prefecture; Coptis Japonica M. var J. (Huth) Satahe and C. J. M. var. dissecta (Yatabe) Nakai. Generaly speaking, the former is in Reihoku area and the latter in the moutain area of Reihoku and Reinan. 2) The color of rhizoma is bright yellow and plagiotropy. It brings forth sympodial branching. The position of branching is closely connected with amount of production of C. J. When branching is made near the surface of the earth, the plant is short and poor in growth but in case that branching is made deep in the soil, it comes to be long and stout, so it will give much harvest. 3) The wild kind of C. J. is stiff in leaves and remains green under snow and the original part of branches is made near the surface. The cultivated one is weak against frost. The part above the soil is mostly withered and it tends to make the original part of branches. The wild kinds which grow in the moutain area make branches deep under the soil, because they are destroyed by frost and frost columns. The cultivated kind of the mountain has more distinct tendency mentioned above. 4) Vessel part and sieve tubes come to be woody but phloem and cortex are comparatively thick and berbelin is accumulated in these part. The rate of it seems to be different with the condition of types. climate, soil and cultivation.
feedback
Top