巻号一覧
31 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1～17を表示しています
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村田 吉男, 猪山 純一郎1963 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 311-314
発行日: 1963/07/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー環境条件を完全に一定に保つた場合にもなお光合成に日変化が見られるかどうかを明らかにするために, 数種の牧草と麦類(オオムギ, ライムギ, イタリアンライグラス, オーチャードグラス, ラジノクローバーおよびコモンベッチ)の幼植物を用いて, 光の強さおよび温度を一定に保つて光合成の日変化を調べた. 小型ポットに土耕した30～50日の幼植物(20個体)を4万ルックスの電燈光の下で15℃に保つた同化室に入れ, 戸外空気を通じてBECKMANの赤外線ガス分析器により光合成の測定を行なつた. 結果は次の通りである. 1) このような条件の下でも光合成はある程度の日変化を示すことが, 調べたすべての作物で認められた. しかしその変化は空気中のCO2濃度変化と全く平行した. 2) この関係はライムギの場合には24時間以上, 昼夜の別なく成立つが, コモンベッチの場合には夜間はCO2濃度以外の同化抑制要因が同時に働くことが示された. 3) 以上のことから, 養水分が十分に与えられ, 光・温度およびCO2濃度一定の環境下では, これらの作物の光合成能力は, 夜間には多少の低下を示すものもあるが, 一般にはほとんど変化を示さないものと結論された.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (538K) -
村田 吉男, 猪山 純一郎1963 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 315-322
発行日: 1963/07/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー8種の牧草および4種の麦類について, 短時間の温度変化が光合成および呼吸作用に及ぼす影響を比較した. 小型ポットに土耕した30～50日の幼植物を4万ルクスの照明, 大気中CO2濃度の下におき, 0～45℃の範囲で温度を徐々に変化した場合の光合成, 呼吸作用の変化を前報の装置により測定した. 得られた値にCO2濃度補正を加え, 温度と光合成との関係を求めた. 主な結果は次の通りである. 1) 北方型牧草および麦類の光合成は大部分10～15℃において最大値を示す. それより低温または高温では徐々に低下し, 40℃以上では急激に低下する. 他方, 呼吸作用は温度の上昇に伴つてほぼ一様に, 指数関数的に増大する. 2) これに対し南方型牧草は著しく異なる温度反応を示す. すなわち, 光合成の最適温度は約35℃で, それ以上では徐々に, それ以下では急激に低下する. また南方型は光合成の絶対値が著しく高いこと(バヒヤグラスで最高47.7mg CO2/100 cm2, hr)と, 葉面当りの同化/呼吸比が著しく大きい特長を持つ. 3) 12種の作物は温度-光合成曲線の形から4種類に分けることができる. 4) 北方型牧草を夏栽培すると, 低温側での光合成能力の低下がより著しくなるという温度適応現象が認められた.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (859K) -
中馬 克己, 築島 安宏, 中 精一, 平野 寛通1963 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 323-326
発行日: 1963/07/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThis study was carried out to ascertain the effect of winter forage crops on the growth of succeeding summer crops. The results were as follows; 1) Both under standard and much fertilized conditions, Italian ryegrass, serradella and turnip gave high yields. 2) Red clover was superior in forage yield in much fertilized condition, and provided a good cutting yield in late spring. 3) Italian ryegrass, red clover and serradella were not the favourable previous crops to early paddy and upland rice, because their forage yields were reduced due to early cutting. 4) Recommendable previous crops to early paddy and upland rice were turnip and rape. Oats and oats-vetch mixtures which are relatively high in early cutting yield, were also favourable. 5) 80 to 90% of residual root weight of each crop remained within 15cm of soil from the surface. Residual root weight was the highest in Italian rye grass and the lowest in serradella and turnip. The similar results were obtained from root system investigation. 6) The ratios in weight of root to above ground part were 30-50% in oats, Italian ryegrass and oats-vetch mixtures, 20-40% in commen vetch, serradella and red clover, and 20-50% in turnip and rape. 7) Ploughing and harrowing were difficult in the field on which Italian ryegrass and red clover were grown, due to the much branched rooting of the former and the deep rooting of the latter.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (984K) -
福井 重郎, 松本 重男, 昆野 昭晨1963 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 327-331
発行日: 1963/07/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーUsing soybean variety Norin No. 2 grown under light and heavy manuring condition by pot culture, exudation was investigated under three levels of soil moisture content (Fig. 1). Soybeans were planted on May 25, and these plants were treated with dry, medium and wet soil conditions from June 22 to July 6. Except the treatment periods, they were maintained under medium soil moisture condition. The exudates were taken from detopped plants at several growing stages, and determined their volume and several inorganic components. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) Concerning the exudation power of soybean varies at each growing stage. In early vegetative stage, it gradually increases, and in the flower initiation stage, it shows maximum value, but thereafter it gradually decreases (Fig. 3). 2) In plants treated with dry soil condition the exudating power shows remarkable small value, but it recovers in comparatively short period when the plants were return to the medium soil moisture condition. While in plants treated with wet soil condition it does not show and distinct change (Fig. 3). 3) The exudating power of soybean plants is approximately parallel with the function of the root respiration, if these plants were at the same growing stage, or were grown under the same soil moisture condition (Table 3 & Fig. 6). 4) The concentration of each inorganic component in exudate is higher in plants treated with dry soil condition, but it is somewhat lower in plants treated with wet soil condition than with medium soil moisture condition (Table 1 & 2). By reason of difference in amount of exudate between soil moisture treatments, it is considered that the whole quantities of each nutrient translocated to top are decreased by dry treatment, while no decrease is occurred in wet treatment. 5) In the plants grown in heavy manuring condition, the root contains more amount of protein-N (Fig. 5), the respiration of root is more active (Fig. 4), the amount of exudate is more abundant (Fig. 3), the concentration of NH4-N, P, K and Mg in exudate is higher (Table 1 & 2) and the growth of top and root is more vigorous than in the plants grown in light manuring condition. Such heavy manuring condition in soybean plant will be efficient to lighten the drought damage, to hasten the recovery from such damage, and moreover to change the weak growth brought by wet soil condition to vigorous growth.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (742K) -
川田 信一郎, 山崎 耕宇1963 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 332-336
発行日: 1963/07/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーTwo types of the characteristic vessel elements were found by the authors in the terminal part of leaf margins (Fig. 2 B) and in the tip of midrib (Fig. 4 A). The shape of both was like a barrel and the diameters were much larger than the normal vessel elements (Fig. 2 A). The lateral wall of the former showed a tendency of increased pitting (Fig. 3 B) as compared with the normal (Fig. 3 A), and the latter, which were directly surrounded by mesophyll, the distinguishing pitting (Fig. 4A, B). Water pores (Fig. 5 A, Fig. 6 A) were also found along such vessel elements on the adaxial surface of the leaf. It is assumed from these observations that such vessel elements may have an immediate connection with guttation of rice leaves.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1883K) -
田川 隆, 石坂 信之1963 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 337-341
発行日: 1963/07/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーA general suppression of growth is probably the most common plant response to salinity. On the mode of action of salinity, particularly the excess soluble salt in root medium, two working hypotheses have been proposed, one is to interpret it as all osmotic phenomenon and the other as a physiological effect of the excess salt accumulated in plant tissues. The primary cause of growth suppression in the presence of excess salt is not evident from any information available at the present time. In this paper is reported an attempt, using Oryza sativa L. cultiva Eiko as material, to clear up the points left in doubt by earlier workers. Rice plants cultured in the basic nutrient solution were treated with nutrient solution containing 1.0% NaCl for a week at various growth periods. Amounts of water and of chloride ion absorbed were measured quantitatively. The experimental results obtained may be summarized as follows; 1. The salt present in excess in the culture solution caused a remarkable suppression of growth. In detail increases of top length, tiller number, fresh and dry weights and new leaf formation were wholly depressed; such harmful effects due to the salt treatment were more significant when the rice plants were treated at their earlier growing stages than at later one. 2. The amount of water absorbed decreased remarkably as a result of the treatment with saline solution, but no definite trend could be observed for such an inhibiting effect. Accordingly the differences between their tolerance to salinity at various growing stages are not satisfactorily explainable from this evidence. On the other hand, the water contents in rice plants showed little change even after the treatment with salt solution. So it seems very reasonable to assume that water deficiency may not be the primary cause of salt injury. 3. The absorption of chloride ion from the nutrient solution containing NaCl by rice plant (mg/gm dry weight/week) was significant at earlier growing stages, followed by a gradual depression toward later stages, particularly a steep decline was observed at the time of boot-leaf formation. It is interesting to note that these evidences are in good agreement with the reduction of increases in dry and fresh weights and with the increase in leaf withering due to the treatment with saline solution. 4. Judging from the facts mentioned above, it seems probable that the excess accumulation of salt in rice plants may be a primary cause of salt injury, and in this case the accumulation of chloride ion is mainly localized in the shoot of rice plants, while the accumulation is very poor in grains.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (625K) -
前田 英三1963 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 342-346
発行日: 1963/07/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーUsing the excised leaves from etiolated seedlings, some interrelation between gibberellin and auxin have been found. That is, the first, gibberellin expressed conspicuously the synergistic action when it combined with suboptimal level of IAA (Fig. 1 and Tables 2 and 3) The second, the increased angles resulted from the combination of gibberellin and IAA were attributable to the prolongation of the extension period of lamina joints but not the rate of the extension (Fig. 2). The third, bending response of lamina joint was different between the seedlings which were cultured in the medium with and without nutrient (Table 4).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (772K) -
前田 英三1963 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 347-351
発行日: 1963/07/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe stimulating effects of gibberellin and auxin on the elongation of a lamina joint in rice have already been indicated, based on a phenomenon increasing the lamina inclination in Bakanae diseased rice plants. In this communication, the effects of divalent cations, especially calcium ion, upon the elongation of the lamina joint are detailed, using the second leaves excised from etiolated rice seedlings. It has been proved that the various divalent cations at even 0.002 N excrise a depressive effect on the IAA induced elongation (Table 1), and that furthermore the calcium ion decreases the elongation induced by NAA alone or NAA-gibberellin interaction (Fig. 2). At 0.0005 N to 0.01 N potassium ion strengthens the elongating effect of various concentrations of IAA (Tables 2 and 3). And more, the potassium ion recovers the inhibitive action of the calcium in the elongation (Fig. 3). From the above mentioned results, we compared among the interactions of gibberellin and IAA, of gibberellin and potassium, and of IAA and of potassium, upon each other. The interaction between gibberellin and IAA was much larger than the others. Above all, the reversed effect of the potassium ion on the Ca induced inhibition under the interaction of gibberellin and IAA has been revealed in this paper (Table 4). Thus, it was presented that gibberellin has an accelerating action in the interactions of gibberellin and auxin or potassium ion on the lamina inclination which bring about an elongation in the lamina joints of rice plants. From these facts we may show one facet of mechanisms of gibberellin action, in relation to those of auxin action.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (661K) -
三鍋 昌俊, 浪花 勲1963 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 352-356
発行日: 1963/07/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe present paper deals with the relationship between both the soft-and the hard-textured rice kernels in the process of forming and the amount of fertilizer given to them, as indicated in Report III of our study. In any of the 4 years from 1955 to 1958 and in any testing plot, the graphs for Protein-N/ Crude-starch % (abbreviated (P) below) and (Total sugar+Soluble-N)% (abberviated (T) below) in the process of growing into the rice kernel described the equations of the exponential function type b/k y=ae (x is the number of days after flowering, y is the value of (P) or (T) corresponding to x) and the values of a and b were shown to be decided by such factors as variety, producing place, year and the amount of fertilizer. In addition, for any variety of husked rice produced in Fukui, if it is cultivated by the standard method (standard, heavy, no fertilizer) (P) became less than 1.45% and (T) gradually reduced as ripening went on, but all through the ripening period it was always above 0.65%. This result was very characteristic of the soft-textured rice kernels. On the other hand, as to the husked rice produced in Osaka (P) was above 1.45% through the whole period and (T) became less than 0.65% near the end of ripening period, which was characteristic of the hard-textured rice kernels. Within this range, there were varying differences between Norin No. 1, Yutakasenbon, Norin glutinous No. 5. Next, as to the influence of the amount of fertilizer, the plot given heavy fertilizer (50% more than standard), as compared with the standard plot, decreased in 1, 000 grain dry weight, crude starch %, and total sugar %, and increased in total-N %, soluble-N % and protein-N%. The ranges of increase and decrease in Fukui are larger than those in Osaka, but the influence of heavy fertilization was plain as the result of this test we have learned that (P) increased less than 0.201% and (T) decreased less than 0.21%. On the other hand, the plot with no fertilizer showed just the reverse results to those for the plot with heavy fertilizer, and we found that the influence of using no fertiltzer was greater in Fukui than in Osaka. At any rate the influence of no fertilization was very plain. Generally speaking, the same tendency could be seen as to Vitamin B1. In any plot, however, fertilization heavy or no was of little influence that the soft-textured rice kernel did not turn to the hard-textured and we saw none of the reverse result. We also found out (P) and (T) were larger subject to the duration of sunshine and the air temperature.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (827K) -
山口 禎, 佐藤 孝1963 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 357-361
発行日: 1963/07/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーFrom the results of previous experiments that the growth of leaf blade, leaf sheath and internode of floating rice plant considerably increased with the rise of water level, the authors postulated that the rate of elongation of the organs may be closely related to the behaviour of carbohydrates and some related enzymes, i. e., amylase and invertase. As illustrated in Table 1, the rate of raising water level was 3 cm a day in the incresing period and that of lowering water level was 6 cm a day in the decreasing period, a day at the decreasing period respectively. Results obtained were as follows: 1) The level of sugar content in leaf blade, level of floating rice (Co. 64) and Norin No. 22, gradually decreased with the rise of water level, but it increased conversely with the fall of water level. However, floating rice maintained a higher level of sugar content than that of Norin No. 22, even when the water level rised. Another noticeable phenomenon caused by submerged condition on was a marked decrease in starch content of the leaf sheath and internode, but the starch gradually increased with the succeeding decrease of water level. Such relationship between carbohydrate content and water level may be explained by the fact that sugars move mainly to the active growing parts such as leaf bleaf sheath and inthrnode of floating rice keeping pace with the rise of water level. 2) Amylase activity per fresh weight in above mentioned parts of floating rice compared with that of Norin No. 22 was always higher under either ordinary or submerged condition. On the other hand, invertase showed a little higher activity in Norin No. 22 only under ordinary condition, but floating rice always tends to be higher than Norin No. 22 under submerged condition. Although the activity of amylase and invertase per protein-N basis decreased under submerged condition, floating rice had a higher activity than Norin No. 22. Moreover, amylase activity in the leaf sheath of floating rice was higher than any other organ irrespective of treatments. Summarizing the results mentioned above, floating rice had not only higher content of carbohydrate but also higher activities of amylase and invertase than those of Norin No. 22 under submerged condition. These evidence may suggest that there is the latent ability for the vigorous elongation of floating rice.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (687K) -
荒井 正雄, 宮原 益次1963 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 362-366
発行日: 1963/07/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe emergence of barnyard grass seeds is divided into two processes, that is, germination in soils and elongation of plumule through soils after germination. The former process was studied in the present report. 1) Maximum, optimum and minimum temperatures for germination were 45°C, 30°to 35°C and 10°C to 15°C respectively. The completely after-ripened seeds were not accelerated under the alternating temperature condition. 2) The seeds were able to germinate with pH ranging from 4.7 to 8.3. So, it was concluded that this plant was adaptable to soil acidity for the germination. 3) Oxygen tension of 20 per cent (air) was favorable for germination. But, germinaion percent was decreased in the oxygen tension below 1 per cent. 4) Germination did not occure in water contained 1×10-3M KCN and NaN3, while not affected DICA, MIA and 8-hydroxyquinoline. Therefore, we thought that cytochrome oxidase played an important role in the process of germination of barnyard grass seeds. 5) Soil water content influenced the germination of the seeds, and 70 to 95 per cent soil moisture content of field capacity was optimum for germination. 6) Germination per cent of the seeds in the submerged soil varied with Eh values of the soil. In the below 350 to 400 mV of Eh6 of the soil, germination per cent decreased according to the fall of Eh value, and hardly germinated in the soils below 100 mV of Eh6. 7) As the results of these findings, germination of seeds were good in the field of the wet upland condition (above 70 per cent soil moisture content of field capacity) in which Eh value was kept high. And, dry upland soil condition and submerged soil condition with low Eh value were unfavorable to germination.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (742K) -
荒井 正雄, 宮原 益次1963 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 367-370
発行日: 1963/07/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe present report deals with the elongation of plumule through soils after germination. 1) The maximum elongation length of plumule was about 10 cm in a dark germinator. Relation between temperature and the elongation of plumule in a dark germinator was similar at the germination. However, minimum temperature in the elongation of plumule was slightly lower than at germination. 2) Elongation of plumule was inhibited under the low oxygen tension (below 5 per cent), especially in nitrogen gas, plumule stopped to elongate at 0.5 to 3 cm, and seedling died prematurely. 3) Elongation length of plumule in the submerged soils differed from Eh value of the soil. The maximum elongation length of plumule in the submerged soils with below 300 mV of Eh6 were about 2 cm long. 4) In the storaged seeds in the submerged soil for 8 years, the plumule of about a quater of germinated seeds elongated abnormally. Moreover, even normal plumules were below about 40 per cent in length compared with storaged seeds in the submerged soil for a year. 5) As the results of these findings, it was clarified that effects of environmental factors on the elongation of plumule through soils after the germination are the same in the case of germination. Accordingly, emergence rate of germinated seeds was the highest in the optimum soil condition for germination.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (555K) -
山崎 耕宇1963 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 371-378
発行日: 1963/07/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn rice plants, when a leaf begins to emerge from the adjacent lower leaf sheath, the shoot always contains four immature leaves (including leaf primordia) at different developmental stages, irrespective of the change in environmental conditions or of the difference in growth stages of the plant. These immature leaves or leaf primordia show successive stages of leaf development and are termed from the youngest as P1, P2, P3, P4 respectively (Fig. 2). Thus the emerging leaf corresponds to P5, and the lower one just adjacent to it, to P6. The morphological and anatomical characters of these were examined with special reference to the distribution of meristems, the differentiation of vascular system and the differentiation as well as the maturation of epidermal tissues. Several kinds of meristem (Fig. 1) are involved in the formation of a leaf. First of all, by the activity of the apical meristem, a minute protuberance (P1) appears at the foot of the shoot apex. While it grows sidewards by the activity of the marginal meristem as well as upwards by the activity of the apical one, it encircles and covers the shoot apex like a hood (P2 in Fig. 4A). P3 is large enough to envelope all inner portions near the shoot apex (Fig. 4B). The thickness of midrib at this and later stages is attained by the ventral meristem (Fig. 2:V). P4 shows a typical leaf form with leaf blade and leaf sheath demarcated by the newly formed ligule (Fig. 4C). There is conspicuous expansion of leaf blade at this stage by the activity of the ground meristem, and the form of the immature leaf at this stage (Fig. 7) resembles that of the mature leaves of other monocotyledonous plants or some of the dicotyledonous ones. From the stage P5, the activity of almost all meristems becomes more or less indistinct, and instead of these meristems the intercalary meristem situated in the basal portion of the leaf plays an important role in the growth of the leaf. The distribution of this meristem is determined by stomatal differentiation. By the activity of this meristem a conspicuous elongation occurs in the leaf blade (P4-P5), and then, one stage later, in the leaf sheath (P5-P6). At the stage P6 both leaf blade and leaf sheath attain their full length and the final form of the leaf is achieved. Meanwhile, large vascular bundles differentiate at the stage P2, and small one, at the stage P3 (Fig. 5). They appear first at the base of midrib and later towards the margin of the leaf. The differentiation of each vascular bundle advances acropetally into the leaf. The connecting strands of these vascular bundles differentiate at the tip of P4 and it advances basipetally. The differentiation of epidermal tissues occurs at the tip of P3 (in the case of hairs) and P4 (in the case of stomata) respectively, and advances basipetally in accordance with the basipetal extinction of the activity of the intercalary meristem.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2364K) -
清水 義治, 王置 英之助1963 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 379-384
発行日: 1963/07/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーExcised roots of Nicotiana plant were grown aseptically in order to study on the nicotine synthesis in the rots and the effects of cultural conditions on the growth were investigated. The cultures were made with segments of roots which were taken out aseptically at a branching portion of a main root in the seedlings of Nicotiana plant. The following results were obtained. 1) Excised roots of Nicotiana rustica var. Brasilia and N. tabacum var. Samsoun types (4 varieties) were satisfactorily sub-cultured in the medium modified from those of WHITE (1943) and SOLT(1957) 2) The cultures were made in 100 ml. Erlenmeyer flasks containing 20 ml. of the setrilized medium and in the dark at the temperature of 28±2.5°C. 3) The behavior of the cultures differed pronouncely between N. rustica and N. tabacum. Roots of N. rustica were classified roughly into two groups by their growth behavior; one which apical dominance appeared to be very strong, and the other which the branches overtook the main roots in growth. The former roots, though less by weight, were longer and thinner than those of the latter. 4) The residual of the culure solution had almost similar kind of alkaloids and free amino acids to those in tobacco sap.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1312K) -
長井 保, 松下 栄二1963 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 385-388
発行日: 1963/07/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーRice plants (var. Norin No. 29), of which roots were treated in water tanks kept at 33°, 28°and 23°C constantly, were grown from July to September 1960. During the course of the growth, they were sampled three times to examine ecological characteristics of their roots. Main results obtained were as follows: (1) In view of values such as R/T and k=log R/logT (Fig. 3, 4), the growth of roots was always larger in contrast to that of top throughout the whole growth, when plants were placed under lower temperature conditions. In the 28°C plot (medium temperature), the growths of top and roots were in the most balanced proportion among plots examined. Moreover in that plot, the largest growth of top were recognized (Fig.1). (2) The higher the temperature, the larger in number of primary roots per plant and tiller (Fig. 5, 6) and the shorter the length of primary roots (Fig. 10). Root diameter was however independent upon conditions, but was somewhat larger in lower temperatures (Fig. 12). In the 28°C plot, lateral roots emerged from primaries were in the largest number (Fig. 7, 8). In consequence the largest of the total number, total length and total surface area of roots per plant were estimated in that plot (Fig. 9, 11, 13). These results reflected to the largest dry weight of top in that plot. Roots under lower temperature conditions appeared to be less aged, because they had less iron coatings and more fresh appearance than those treated by higher temperatures. Dry weight per unit volume of roots suggested these phenomena mentioned above (Fig. 14).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (439K) -
俣野 敏子, 長井 保1963 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 389-392
発行日: 1963/07/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe authors reported in the previous paper (1961) that the ferreous coating formation (F. C. F) in rice roots should be closely tied up with metabolic activities of plants, because of the experimental confirmation of the parallelisms among F. C. F., nutrients uptake and the growth. This paper dealt with both of the repetition of the assay and the clarification of the mechanism of F. C. F., whether coating formation must be directly related with the oxidation of ferrous ions by roots in media or not. Fundamental methods of the experiment were as follows: the plot with plants, of which roots were immersed in the FeSO4 solution (its concentration, 8 ppm) and that without plants were set, of which roots were excluded from light. After placing them f or definite hours, the amounts of Fe++ and Fe+++ ions in the solution were determined colorimetrically by the o-phenanthroline method. Moreover by the same method, the ferreous coatings were also measured after the coatings were washed away by 0.5 N-HCl solution. Those values mentioned below were then calculated: (A) Amounts of Fe sorbed by roots=(Total Fe ions in plots without plants)-(the same in those with plants) (B) Amounts of Fe++ ions oxidized by roots=(Amounts sorbed by roots)+(Fe++ ions oxidized by rootts, remaining in the solution) (C) Amounts of ferreous coating in roots=(HCl-soluble Fe in roots immersed in th Fe++ solution)-(the same in roots solution-cultured as usual) Rates of those values were also calculated with respect to root dry weight and hours treated. Main results obtained were as follows: (1) The rates of Fe++ sorption and F. C. F. declined gradually, and both of them went hand in hand as the growth advanced (Fig. 1). (2) These rates were positively correlated, when they were estimated at the same stage of the growth (8th leaf stage) (Fig. 2). (3) Changes of Fe++ oxidation, sorption by roots and relative growth rates of roots were parallely declined with the growth (Fig. 3). (4) In the younger and more vigorous stages of the growth, Fe++ sorption by roots took precedence of that of Fe+++ (Fig. 4). (5) When Fe++ concentrations in media became higher, the rate of Fe++ sorption and F. C. F. rose parallely (Fig. 5). From these results, the authors concluded that F. C. F. in rice roots must be closely tied up with root oxidation. F. C. F. must therefore occur according to following processes, that is, Fe++ ions in media should be oxidized and sorbed by roots, so as to make ferreous coatings on root surface. In this case, the process must be predominant when rather large but not injurious amounts of Fe++ ions are present in media, that happens usually under the water logged condition. Now the authors propose that the estimations of plant activity and soil conditions will be possible by means of F. C. F. determination.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (475K) -
宮下 昂久1963 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 393-398
発行日: 1963/07/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーCoefficient correlations were calculated between the some characters on space planted 36 winter wheat varieties and strains. 1. No correlation was found between the number of tillers and fresh weight, both of which represent the degree of vegetative growth. But this relation is different in the tiller on coleoptile, i.e. the weight and number of tillers are closely related. 2. There was close relation between the plastoclone and the number of tillers on main stalk. Plastoclone may express, in certain extent, the tillering ability of varieties. The difference of tillering ability between the varieties may be mainly due to the degree of growth of leaves governing the plastoclone. 3. However, nearly same degree of correlations between the number of tillers on main stalk and the length of leaf blade, leaf sheath and width of leaf were obtained. But the relation between length of the leaf blade and leaf sheath, and plastoclone, and those between width of the leaf, and recumbence and the number of imperfect spikelets were very high. 4. Associations between investigated characters of vegetative stage were, in general, high, and it was assumed that these characters might be related biochemically. 5. The number of imperfect spikelets, degree of recumbence, width of leaf and the number of tillers on main stalk had close relations between the main character of ripening stage. Besides, the greater part of these characters were correlate with the number of days to heading. 6. The number of tillers on main stalk has significant correlation with grain weight per plant, but non significant correlate was found between number of tillers on main stalk and number of spikes per plant. 7. Coefficient of correlation of the number of days to heading with the grain weight per plant was low. Further, the number of days to heading has no correlation with culm diameter, which correlated with number of grains of main stem, whereas it has high association with number of spikes, number of spikelets and the degree of spike emasculation from booting leaf sheath and others. 8. Thus, it was assumed that there are reproductive physiological associations among various agronomic characters through the growing period of wheat plant, excepted a few characters. 9. Correlation coefficient between the number of imperfect spikelets and the number of days to heading was-. 596, and it is very interesting that the number of imperfect spikelets counted before overwintering had close association with earliness. 10. According to the results of this study, the number of spikes has no relation with grain weight of main stem. Therefore, we are able to increase the yield by means of increase either number of ears or the gain yield per stem. 11. It is interesting that the culm diameter was correlated with number of grains of main stalk. Besides, the degree of spike emasculation from booting leaf sheath was correlated with grain weight of main spike.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (951K)
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