Japanese Journal of Crop Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0990
Print ISSN : 0011-1848
ISSN-L : 0011-1848
Volume 32, Issue 4
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
  • Shyojiro YOSHIOKA, Seiichi UEDA, Sadanobu SHIMIZU
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 265-269
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We investigated the effect of soil management and ridging methods by cultivating the variouskinds of vegetables and other crops, and stripped division methods of grass on soil conservation in the years of 1959-61 on the hillside farm. The results obtained are summarized as follows; (1) The vertical ridged cultivation promoted the soil erosion. On the other hand, the horizontal ridged cultivation preserved the soil conservation. Furthermore, to expect the better effect in cultivating the vegetable crops which have less capacity to cover the ground, we must adopt a combination of horizontal ridged method, straw mutching and covering crops. (2) The cross stipped ridging method is more effective than any others. In case of the "V" formed ridge that has an angle over 90°, the result is as satisfactory as that of the horizontal ridged method. (3) In the stripped division method of grass, the narrower the strips are, the more remarkable the effect is.
    Download PDF (759K)
  • Nobuo HITAKA, Hironobu KOBAYASHI
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 270-276
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
  • Toshiko MATANO, Tamotsu MAGAI
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 277-281
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    As is previously reported, we have made clear that; (1) Ferreous coating formation (F. C. F.) in roots of rice plants proceeded parallely with nutrients absorption (N, P, and K) and production of the whole dry weigtht, (2) F. C. F. was closely correlated with the oxidation and sorption of Fe++ in media by roots, (3) Ferreous coating was mainly made with Fe++ oxidized and sorbed by roots and (4) The okidation and sorption of Fe++ were also influenced by Fe++ concentration in media. So far as it was concerned, physiological activities conducted by plant from the begining to a certain period of the growth may be proportionally recorded by F. C. F. measured at that period. This paper dealt with how F. C. F. is affected when plants are grown under abnormal conditions. Experiments are consisted of those mentioned below; (A) Effects of defoliation, (B) the same of leaf-blast infection, (C) the same of different soil temperatures, (D) the same of soils artificially deoxidized and (E) the same of nutrient deficiencies upon F. C. F., Fe++ oxidation and sorption in roots. F. C. F. in roots were washed away by 0.5 N-HCl and then colorimetrically determined by O-phenanthroline method. Fe++ oxidation and sorption by roots were estimated by determining concentration of Fe++ remained in FeSO4 solution, in which roots to be tested were soaked for 24 hrs. In addition, Fe++ concentrations in soils were also colorimetrically measured in filtrates, after soils were shaken with 1M CH3COONa solution. Main results obtained are as follows: (A) According to the grades of defoliation, F. C. F. in roots were either increased or decreased against non-defoliated (Fig. 1). The same resulted in Fe++ oxidation and sorption by roots (Fig. 2). In testing these physiological changes (Fig. 3), a temporaly rise of activities was found in defoliated plots. (B) When plants were infected by leafblast, F. C. F. in roots was also increased (Fig. 4). (C) The higher the soil temperature, the more F. C. F. in roots and Fe++ in soils were produced (Fig. 5). From this fact, F. C. F. in roots may be determined by amounts of Fe++ in soils. But as illustrated in Fig. 6, when Fe++ oxidation and sorption were measured, the higher temperature plot indicated higher physiological activities in contrast to the lower temperature and then activities decreased up to nearly equal values. From these it is clear that not only Fe++ amounts in soils but also the temperature affected F. C. F. in roots. (D) In artificially deoxidized soils, F. C. F. in roots of two varieties were similarly increased, notwithstanding the reduced plant growth (Fig. 7). (E) Nutrient deficiencies such as -N and -P made Fe++ oxidation and sorption in roots more active, but -K plot less active against complete nutrients plot (Fig. 8). This fact was obtained by using 30 days old seedling, but it was quite reverse when younger plants were used (Fig. 9). When abnormal conditions as mentioned above were given to plants, certain kinds of physiological activation or retardation may occur in infected or damaged parts, from where those effects may reach other parts, for instance, from top to roots. These facts were already recognized by some workers, just as activated or inactivated respiration in roots due to defoliation and others. From our results we can make an assumption again that such physiological changes happened in top or roots due to treatments may be recorded in the form of ferreous coating.
    Download PDF (604K)
  • Katumi TYUMAN, Yasuhiro TUKISIMA, Seiiti NAKA, Mitiharu TOKURI
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 282-285
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The experimental results of winter forage crops were described in the previous report (Report I). In this paper, the growth and yield of succeeding summer crops are reported. 1) When early sowing upland rice was transplanted after Italian ryegrass, rooting was poor. And when early sowing upland or paddy rice was sown after Italian ryegrass, hairy vetch, red clover and serradella, germination was depressed. 2) The growth in earlier stage of early sowing upland rice was poor, when sown after Italian ryegrass, oats and oat-vetch mixture. This was not seen in early sowing paddy rice. In mature stage, however, no clear difference was seen in both of upland and paddy rice. 3) The yield of early sowing paddy rice was reduced when sown after red clover, serradella and Italian ryegrass. In upland rice, however, no clear difference was seen. 4) Growth and yield of sweet potato were superior when planted after red clover and hairy vetch, and were particularly notable in the weight of vine. 5) Effect of winter forage crops was remarkable on the growth of sweet potato and early sowing paddy rice in upland field, but was not clear on that of early sowing upland rice.
    Download PDF (603K)
  • Mituo KIDO, Shozo YANATORI
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 286-292
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Seasonal changes in chemical constituents of root of rice plant grown in well-drained and in ill-drained field were reported before in the previous paper (7) in which roots were subjected to the study as a whole. But since the root system is consisted of many roots of varying age from the youngest root to the oldest one, roots were classified into several groups according to their age and the seasonal changes in inorganic constituents of each root group were studied in the present paper. Classificaiton of roots is as follows: Type I: white root without rootlets. (youngest) Type II: rootlets were seen only at basal half of a root, still white or a little coloured root. (young) Type III: rootlets were seen in whole parts except for 2-5 cm at root tip, brown root. (old) Type IV: some of rootlets have fallen off at basal part, deep or dark brown root. (oldest) Accompanying to the growth of root of rice plant, cortex parenchyma was destructed to form aerenchyma of root. This phenomenon must result in the decrease in water contents of root. Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 showed the changes of water contents of root of rice plant. From these figure, it will be considered that the youngest root is most rich in water. Fig. 5 to Fig. 11 showed the iron accumulation on epidermis of root and rootlet at early stage in rice growth, and then epidermis of root and rootlet have fallen off when root has grown up. As shown in Fig. 4 silicate showed same behavior as iron. Phosphate contents of each classified root were shown in Fig. 12. According to this figure, III class rot was most rich in phosphate at early stage in rice growth. It is known that phosphate of root of rice plant is stored in the form of glucose-phosphate. Glucose-phosphosphate is related to catalitic activity of root of rice plant. Potassium and total nitrogen content were highest in youngest and young root, i. e., type I and type II. As above mentioned, high correlation was observed between classification of root and inorganic constituents.
    Download PDF (1093K)
  • Kenji TABATA, Hiroshi KURIHARA
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 293-296
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1) In order to find the best planting space in the field with different fertility and under different temperature condition, spacing, fertilizer and planting time experiments were carried out. 2) The stem length as a whole became longer with the delay of planting time. The growth type became more unfavorable with the delay of panting time, as the stem below the first flower cluster grew shorter and the stem above the first flower cluster longer. 3) The optimum temperature for dry matter production of potatoes was considered to be 19∼20°C (daily mean temperature), and the rate of translocation of dry matter into underground part was lowered when the daily mean temperature was higher than 20°C. Even in the high mean temperature, however, depreciation of the tuber weight/total weight ratio was somewhat reduced by means of the dense planting. 4) The nitrogen and phosphorous content of leaves became higher with the delay of planting time. But the potassium content showed slightly different tendency. In the case of the late planting, unusual balance between nitrogen and potassium was brought about in the late growing stage. 5) Tuber yields of the late planting plots decreased on account of decreased number of stolons and tubers and weight of one tuber. 6) It may be concluded that in the case of late planting, the number of tubers must be secured by means of dense planting, and not by the increase of amounts of fertilizer.
    Download PDF (658K)
  • Yukindo TSUNO, Kazuma FUJISE
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 297-300
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    These experiments were carried out in order to make clear the relation between dry matter production and absorption of the three major elements under various cultural conditions, and to find out the factors which influenced the absorption of nutrients in sweet potato plants. 1). In the course of absorption of the three major elements, it was recognized that the process was greatly influenced by soil temperature during early growing stage. Sweet potato plants could hardly absorb the nutrients and slightly produce the dry matter at about 20°C of the culture solution. But both dry matter production and absorption of nutrients markedly increased with rising up of the solution temperature. 2). The total dry matter production per unit field area was most remarkably governed by the amount of absorption of potassium among others. There was a close relation between the amount of nutrient absorbed and the increasing weight of leaves in early growing stage, and at the harvesting time there was a high correlation between the leaf area duration and the amount of nitrogen absorbed. 3). The amount of nitrogen absorbed was increased by late planting compared with early planting. As a result, it caused an increase in leaf area duration in late planting plots. Increment of leaf area duration had also other effect, e.g. total dry matter production was increased in the infertile field, while, in the fertile field, it was decreased by the decline of Net Assimilation Rate owing to excessive increase of the leaf area duration (Table 2).
    Download PDF (674K)
  • Yukindo TSUNO, Kazuma FUJISE
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 301-305
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The relationship between the concentration of nutrients in plant and distribution of dry matter produced has long been recognized. It was decided, therefore, to investigate further this problem as in the previous work the role of these nutrients was not clearly understood. The distribution ratio of dry matter produced was defined as the ratio of the increase in weight of each part to that of the total dry matter during a unit period. 1). There is a close relationship between the distribution ratio of dry matter to the top and nitrogen concentration in leaves under different potassium levels as shown in figure 2. The distribution ratio of dry matter to the top shows an increase with the increase of nitrogen concentration in leaves. But in the case of high potassium level, the distribution ratio to the top is considerably less than that of low potassium level even if the nitrogen concentration is exactly the same. Consequently, it was considered that potassium was effective for translocation of assimilates from the top to the tuberous roots. 2). At the early growing stage, as the relative rate of the increase of nutrients was more than that of the dry matter produced, the concentration of nutrients in plant increased, and it is shown for nitrogen in figure 4. As nitrogen concentration in plant increased, the leaf area ratio which constituted the relative growth rate with the net assimilation rate, increased and it caused great increase of the relative growth rate of dry matter under the condition of less leaf area index at early growing stage. 3). At the late growing stage, the decrease of the concentration of nutrients in leaves is mainly due to the translocation of nutrients contained in the leaves and the other parts of plant to the tuberous roots. It is desirable to keep high potassium concentration for maintaining vigorous photosynthetic activity, and therefore, it is necessary to prevent the decreasing of potassium concentration in leaves by applying potassium at the late growing stage.
    Download PDF (692K)
  • Tukindo TSUNO, Kazuma FUJISE
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 306-310
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Concentration of the three major nutrient elements in each part on dry matter basis and the distribution ratio of dry matter produced by sweet potato were determined using four varieties. In the early growing stage, it was obviously recognized that there were differences among the varieties in the distribution ratio, i.e. the percentage of the increasing weight of dry tuberous roots to the increasing amount of total dry weight; e. g. Norin No. 1 and Okinawa No. 100 showed high ratio, and Kanto No. 48 and Ibaragi No.1 showed low ratio. It appeared that most of the differences in distribution ratio among the varieties were caused by differences in nitrogen concentration in whole plant (Fig. 4). The varietal differences in nitrogen concentration were chiefly due to variation in the ratio of root dry-weight to total dry-weight as shown in figure 5.
    Download PDF (695K)
  • Yukindo TSUNO, Kazuma FUZISE
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 311-314
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An investigation was conducted to determine the changes of respiratory rates in each part of sweet potato and the ratio of nocturnal respiration to photosynthesis per day with four varieties grown under pot cultivation. 1) Leaf blades showed the largest value in the percentage of respiration of each part to total respiration through all the growing stages, i.e. about 50 per cent. of total respiration, and there was no varietal difference in the percentage. At the late growing stage, the respiration of tuberous roots could not show large percentage notwithstanding the ratio of dry-weight of tuber to total dry-weight was large. It was caused by the fact that respiratory rate of tuberous roots was below one-tenth of leaves. 2) The percentage of nocturnal respiration to photosynthesis per day was shown in table 2. After 2nd period (July 13), the percentages showed a static tendency in each variety until harvesting time. Okinawa No. 100 showed low percentage, about 20. Ibaragi No. 1 showed high percentage, about 30. These percentages were obtained under excellent condition of light receiving under pot cultivation. It is assumed that the ratio of respiration to photosynthesis will increase more under inexpedient condition of light for photosynthesis with mutual shading of leaves.
    Download PDF (589K)
  • Yukindo TSUNO, Kazuma FUJISE
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 315-318
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The same four varieties of sweet potato as reported in the previous paper, were used to investigate some aspects of varietal differences of photosynthesis and factors concerning with photosynthetic rate. 1). There was a varietal difference of photosynthesis per pot between Norin No. 1 and Okinawa No. 100. The photosynthesis of Norin No. 1 was mainly supported by having broader leaf area than other varieties, and Okinawa No. 100, having the smallest leaf area among the four varieties, showed higher photosynthesis per unit leaf area than others. Consequently, both Norin No. 1 and Okinawa No. 100 showed similar rates in photosynthesis per pot at the first half of their growing stages. 2). The results obtained in the relation between photosynthetic rate per unit dry leaf weight and the three major nutrient elements in the leaves essentially agreed with those described in the previous paper. It was shown that both potassium and nitrogen closely correlated to photosynthetic rate, and carbohydrates concentration in leaves showed high negative correlation for photosynthetic rate. All positive correlation factors for photosynthetic rate, i.e. nitrogen, potassium and respiratory rate of leaves, had respectively negative correlation for carbohydrates concentration in leaves (See table 2).
    Download PDF (625K)
  • Hiroji TAKESHIMA
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 319-324
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of root temperature including that of the shoot apex upon absorptions of water and nutrient elements such as N, P and K were examined at different growth stages of a rice plant variety called Norin no. 41. It was experimented using four large-sized thermostats to keep root temperature, at 30°, 25°, 20°and 15°C respectively. Results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) Absorption and transpiration of water due to different root temperatures were checked by lowering of temperature and the minimum value was shown in 15°C plot. (2) Absorption and transpiration of water reduced slightly at 6th leaf stage, but increased at 8th leaf stage in every temperature plot. After that those reduced again at 12th leaf stage, but increased again at 13th leaf stage. (3) Absorption of the three elements showed a similar tendency to water absorption. Generally the maximum value was observed in 25°or 30°C plot, but in the case of N-absorption at the early stages such as 4 and 6th leaf stages, it was odserved especially in 25°C plot. (4) Ratios of nutritive elements to water absorption were in general the highest in 25°C plot and the lowest in 15°C plot. (5) In N-absorption, alternating root temperature was superior to the constant condition. As the alternating condition, it was more favorable that diurnal root temperature was higher than nocturnal root temperature. However, when diurnal root temperature was medium, the absorption was related by nocturnal low root temperature. P absorption was also favorable in variable root temperatures. Under the condition combined with 15°C nocturnal temperature, the absorption was reduced in each case, especially in K absorption.
    Download PDF (759K)
  • Hiroji TAKESHIMA
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 325-329
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Diurnal and nocturnal differences of water and nutrient absorptions and effects of medium conditions upon nutrients absorption were examined using a rice plant, variety called Norin no. 41. It was experimented using four large-sized thermostats to keep root temperature at 30°, 25°, 20°and 15°C respectively. Results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) Elements absorptions during day and night time whether fine or rainy in weather, under the established root temperature conditions. But water absorption was superior in fine day to in rainy day. (2) Ratios of N and P absorption to water absorption were nearly equal in different temperatures except in 15°C plot, but during night it was higher in lower temperature plots, except in 15°C plot. Ratio of K-absorption to water absorption showed nearly equal tendeney in daytime in contrast to N and P absorption. During night, it was very different, that is, there was little difference between 30°and 25°C, but the ratio in 20°and 15°C, fell with the fall in the temperature, (3) Elements absorption was somewhat intensified by aeration under the established root temperature conditions except in 15°C plot. (4) Elements absorption was promoted with increasing the amount of elements given in media under the established root temperature conditions.
    Download PDF (611K)
  • Jun INOUYE
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 330-332
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
  • Kiyochika HOSHIKAWA
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 333-337
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The processes of formation of pericarp from ovary wall, seed coat from integument and hyaline layer from nucellus were investigated morphologically. Observations were made on abdominal and flank surfaces of three portions such as the basal (near the embryo), central and near the top of the kernel respectively. Development of the furrow side tissue was not studied in this report. The ovary wall, integument and nucellus did not develop until the completion of the fertilization in the embryo sac. Therefore, the development of these tissues presumably pocesses a close relationship with the fertilization. In general, the growth of the covering tissues of the kernel to the longitudinal direction was carried out by cell division and subsequent cell elongation, while, the growth to the transverse direction was dependent mainly on the cell enlargement rather than increase in cell number. The enlargement of the cells started from basal portion and the rate of enlargement was higher at base than that of the top except in nucellar epidermis. Maturation of the cells began with basal tissue. Duration of the development of tissues was classified into 4 intervals: Not later than the 10th day after anthesis, division of all tissues ceased, and outer integument and nucellar tissue except its epidermis entirely had been degenerated. The enlargement of the cells was occurred in the span of the next 10 days, and during the 20th to 30th day, the changes of cell walls and cell contents took place, and pericarp, seed coat and hyaline layer reached to the morphologically complete structure. Within the last 10 days, the tissues shirinked with the drying of the endosperm. As compared with the development of endosperm, it can be said that the development of the covering tissues proceeded faster than that of the former. The resistance and its gradient to entry of water into the kernel from the outer surface of the covering tissue was observed from the 11th day after anthesis, and it corresponded to the begining of cuticula formation in the inner integument whih becoms seed coat later.
    Download PDF (871K)
  • Kiyochika HOSHIKAWA
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 338-343
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The furrow side tissue of wheat grain consist of thin pericarp, raphe (conducting strand) and inside nucellar parenchyma. In this report the developmental morphology of these tissues was dealt. At the time of anthesis, the vessels and sieve tubes were not yet found except of some strongly stained ceells layer in the furrow side of the ovary. Immediately after the fertilization, the formation of the conducting strand started at the base of funiculus and it continued until 25∼30 days after anthesis. Thus four groups of the conducting cells which were parallel to the dorsal surface of the endosperm were formed in the raphe. A few of the conducting cells extended to the level of the distal end of endosperm, however, others terminated at several elevations, and their ends were not joined directly to the endosperm even at the distal end of the raphe. Therefore, the number of conducting cells was less in higher portion of the raphe. The fromation of sieve tubes seemed to precede that of vessels, although the typical sieve plate could not be found. Nucellus inside the raphe was dissimilar in character to that in flank and abdominal side, for the former did not show degeneration until full maturation stage. In 5-6 cells layer parallel with the raphe, yellow-coloured substance similar to that in the integument of abdominal side was deposited during 9th to 25th days. But in this side seed cooat and hyaline layer which were formed from integument and outer layer of nucellus respectively in the abdominal and flank side were never formed. Nucellar cells increased in number in early developmental stage and thereafter, all of them elongated toward the center of the dorsal surface of endosperm. The space surrounded by nucellus and endosperm was filled with sap and became narrower in the last stage of development and disappeared at full maturation. From the above mentioned observations, we may assume the following hypothesis regarding the terminal course of translocation of the reserve materials into endosperm. Carbohydrates and other reserve materials enter the conducting cells from the base of ovary, and then transfer into nucellar tissue from several elevations of the conducting tissue. The materials go across the cells layer accumulating the yellow-coloured substance, subsequently they are sent along the elongated nucellar parenchyma in sequence, and lastly flow into the cavity surrrounded by the nucellus and endosperm. Surface area of the endosperm facing to the cavity where the cells are of a peculiar shape plays a role of intaking the reserve substances from the cavity. This hypothesis is showing some points of disagreement with Percival and other researchers. In their explanations, the reserve substances traverse the raphe and diffuse into endosperm from a point in the upper part of it.
    Download PDF (2839K)
  • Susumu MIZTNO
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 344-347
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A crude lipase was prepared form peanut seed. Some examinations on the nature of crude enzyme and the measurement of lipase activity were carried out. 1. "Knead" method: Cotyledons of germinating or ripening seed were homogenized with water, defatted with acetone and ether, and fine powder was obtained. This powder was put into a test tube and mixed thoroughly with water (in case of hydrolysis) or glycerin (in case of synthesis). Olive oil or oleic acid under test was added at zero time and the mixture was quickly kneaded with the glass rod. After the reaction period, lipid in incubated mixtures was titrated with ethanolic KOH. Lipase activity was expressed by the titer of KOH which was corrected by appropriate blanks. 2. The standard error of hydrolysing activity in the knead method was ±0.01, while, in other methods, the corresponding figures were ±0.086 and ±0.068. Hydrolysing activity was in proportion to the amount of added crude enzyme in reaction mixtures, so lipase activity per 1 unit of crude enzyme did not change. By drying in the desiccator in which silica gel was enclosed, crude enzyme could be stored at room temperature for five days without considerable lessening in hydrolysing activity. The optimum pH of hydrolysing activity of the enzyme prepared from 3-day-old and 6-day-old seedlings was 7.0 and 5.6, respectively. When distilled water was used as a solvent instead of bufer soltution, the enzyme activity was egual to that at the optimum pH in case of buffer solution. In synthesis, when 1 ml. of glycerin was added to reaction mixtures, only one-half as much activity was shown as when 0.5 ml. was added. So it is evident from these results that the proposed method is sufficently applicable to practical purposes.
    Download PDF (618K)
  • Shin-ichiro KAWATA, Koou YAMAZAKI
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 348-352
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    As reported previously, there was a clear difference in the size, form and type of pitting of lateral wall of vessel elements between the shoots of rice plants grown on the border and in the interior of a field. In this experiment, a similar difference in the type of pitting of lateral wall of metaxylem vessel elements between the crown roots of the plants grown on the border and those grown in the interior of a field was observed. The difference was most remarkable in the basal zone of the crown roots which initiated in the upper "shoot units". As compared with those of the crown roots in the interior, the lateral wall of vessel elements in the crown roots of border plants showed a tendency of increasing of the alternate pitting and decreasing diameter of pits. It may be concluded from the result that the degree of effectiveness of the factors, which may control the water balance of plants grown on the border and in the interior of a field, is likely to be different.
    Download PDF (650K)
  • Hiroki ARIKADO
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 353-357
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper deals with the comparative studies on the tolerance against excess-moisture injury between italian ryegrass and oats from a viewpoint of the ventilating system. The results obtained are as follows : (1) Italian ryegrass is equipped with a well-developed ventilating system, and is able to adapt itself to an over-moist condition by reforming the organization so as to transport air from the top to the roots where molecular oxygen is needed for respiration. (2) Being equipped with a feebly-developed ventilating system through which molecular oxygen m ay not be transported freely from the top to the roots, oats is week in the tolerance against excess-moisture injury. EXPLANATION of FIGURES Figures are drawn diagramatically. The dotted portion in the figures refers to the intercellular spaces containing much air or the tissue having those spaces. The abbreviations are as follows: as, air space; ca, cavity; co, cortex; en, endodermis; ep, epidermis; hy, hypodermis; pa, partition; pe, pericycle ; pi, pith ; rh, root hair ; rv, reinforced vascular bundle ; st, stele ; sv, separated vascular bundle; vb, vascular bundle. Fig. 1. Middle portion of the leaf-sheath of italian ryegrass. Fig. 2. Middle portion of the leaf-sheath of oats. Fig. 3. The node where the leaf-heath is going to depart from the stem of italian ryegrass. Fig. 4. The same sapect as above of oats. Fig. 5. The internode of italian ryegrass. Fig. 6. The internode of oats. Fig. 7. The root-zone with a fully-develoqed crown root of italian ryegrass. Fig. 8. The aspect as above of oats. Fig. 9. Basal portion of the root of italian ryegrass. Fig. 10. Basal portion of the root of oats. Fig. 11. Middle portion of the root of italian ryegrass. Fig. 12. Middle portion of the root of oats. Fig. 13. Apical portion of the root of italian ryegrass. Fig. 14. Apical portion of the root of oats.
    Download PDF (807K)
  • Takashi YASUNAGA
    1964 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 358-361
    Published: July 30, 1964
    Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Three days wetting at 20-25°C of wheat eals at "hard dough" stage resulted in the increases in the activity of proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes and in sulfhydril content, which were available for approximate estimation of the susceptibility of various wheat varieties to wet damage, if the test plants had not been wetted for some days preceding the treatment. By this procedure, some varietal differences in susceptibility to wet damage were shown. Among the nine varieties examined, Aoba-Komugi was more, and Norin No. 50 was less susceptible than the others. On varieties having stronger inclination to sprout under humid climate, more rapid increase in the activity of α-amylase occurred by the moist treatment than on those showing less sush characteristics, while such trend was not found in the activity of proteolytic enzyme.
    Download PDF (574K)
feedback
Top