巻号一覧
38 巻, 2 号
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岩田 文男, 大久保 隆弘1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 211-214
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIt has previously been reported on a hybrid corn named Tomorokoshi Ko No. 7 planted at various dates that heat-unit accumulations in the effective degrees required for silking from planting and for maturity after silking were 807°C and 786°C, respectively, when a daily mean temperature from 10°C to 25°C was designated as the effective degrees for silking and from 1°C to 23°C, for maturity after silking, and that they were assumed to be constant regardless of planting dates. The present investigation was undertaken to see if the heat-unit accumulations in the effective degrees presented in the previous paper would be applied to corn planted in different years and at different locations. During each period from planting to silking and from silking to maturity, there were no-differences at the 5 % level of significance between the group means of the heat-unit accumulations in the effective degrees at the various planting dates and in the different years or at the different locations. From the above facts, it may be concluded that the heat-unit accumulations in the effective degrees required for silking and for maturity after silking were assumed to be constant regardless of years and locations.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (532K) -
松浦 欣哉, 岩田 忠寿, 長谷川 毅1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 215-221
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーApplying the method of deep-layer application of fertilizers in rice culture which has been populary practiced in Aomori Prefecture, the authors examined how yield and its components were affected by the planting density and the amount of fertilizers. The results of the experiment are summarized as follows: 1. As to the effect of the deep-layer application of fertilizers, the yield was increased by about 1-3 % on standard-planting plots, about 5-6 % on dense-planting plots, and about 10-11% on dense-planting and heavy-manuring plots, comparing with the control, respectively. Also the yield was higher by about 1-2 % on the plots in which seedlings from an upland nursery were used compared with those in which seedlings from a low-land nursery covered by vinyl film were used. 2. The number of panicles per square meter and the percentage of ripened grains decreased by the deep-layer application treatment, but increases in the number of spikelets per square meter and in the weight of 1000 kernels were observed. It was due to the increase in the number of spikelets per square meter that the percentage of ripened grains was decreased by the treatment, but aggravation in light-receiving habit also may have partly contributed to the decrease in the percentage of ripened grains. As light-receiving habit got better than in standardard planting plots, the percentage of ripened grains became higher in dense-planting plots and dense-planting and heavy-manuring plots. 3. The factor responsible for the increase in the number of spikelets per square meter by the treatment was considered to be caused by the increased rate of nitrogen content in leaf-blade and NAR at middle stage of growth. 4. At the same time, the husks were made bigger by this increase in the rate of nitrogen content in leaf-blade and NAR. High significant correlation was found between the size of husks and the weight of 1000 kernels. The former seemed to be one causes of increase in the weight of 1000 kernels by the treatment. 5. The size of husks might be correlated with the size of their pedicels and with that of conductive tissue existing in the pedicels. On the other hand, the effect of fertilizers might be maintained longer by the treatment. Therefore, it may be supposed that these effects by the treatment may have extended the activity of translocation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (864K) -
谷山 鉄郎, 有門 博樹1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 222-228
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーTwo kinds of typical symptoms of injuries caused by sulfur dioxide were observed on the leaf-blade and-sheath of paddy rice; the one was countless spots of brown color, and the other was lesions of white color, these symptoms being observed at the tip of the leaf-blade, interveinal and, sometimes, marginal part of the leaf-blade and-sheath. The former was presumed to appear when H2SO3-mist arised from combining SO2 with H2O in the air was absorbed from the surface of the leaf-blade and-sheath. In order to clarify an inference above-mentioned, the author's carried out this experiment by spraying rice plants with H2SO3 solution either in the daytime or at night. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Countless spots of brown color were identified as a typical symptom of injuries by H2SO3 solution spray either in the dayime or at night. No lesions of white color were observed in both treatments. 2. Destruction of chlorophyll in the leaf brought about a decrease of chlorophyll content almost in parallel with the concentration of SO2, afflicting severe damage to the 3rd and 4th leaves numbered downward from the uppermost leaf. 3. Chlorophyll content was in proportion to total dry weight of the plant. 4. Sulfur content of the leaf was higher in the plant sprayed with H2SO3 solution in the daytime than in the plant sprayed at night. A higher content of sulfur was observed in the 3rd and 4th leaves of the plant sprayed in the daytime and the 2nd and 3rd leaves of the plant sprayed at night.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (766K) -
北之園 陽徳, 大沢 幹雄1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 229-233
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn order to find the reasons for root lodging and stalk breakage of tobacco plant, the experiment was conducted in 1963 and 1967 in the field of Hatano Experiment Station. The experimental samples were excised from Bright Yellow and Shirodaruma varieties grown under normal cultural practices. The slugs in a small basket was hung by means of a fine rope hook to the top of a tobacco plant, and caused the stalk bent. The root lodging load an inclined distance of stalk the treatment were measured to determine the lodging resistance. For beam bending tests, each stalk was cut at the ground level into three or several sections. Samples were tested as soon as possible after cutting, to minimize the drying. Results obtained are as follows: 1) The root lodging was significantly increased by application of mulching with plastic film in tobacco cultivation, and the root lodging resulted primarily from poor stalksupport of the soil, especially when it was wet and loose. 2) The stalk breakage strength was foumd to depends on variety of tobacco, and severe stalk breakage occurred with Shirodaruma. 3) The deflection values of stalks in a simple beam with loading at the middle were different by stalk sections. The bending breaking strength in the base of the stalk were very large, but those in the top were snall. 4) The bending breaking stress, flexural rigidity and Young's Modulus of the stalk showed different values by each stalk section. It was observed that those values became less in proportion to the distance from the base of the stalk. 5) Physical properties of the stalk were found to be greatly different according to the growth stage. The bending breaking stress, flexural rigidity and Young's Modulus of the stalk in the maturing stage were much higher than in the early growing stage. These facts seem to be related not only to the diameter of stalk but also to the development of woody tissue.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (607K) -
中条 博良1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 234-240
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー(1) 低温処理期間中の肥料条件にもとづく小麦植物における春化効果の差異について研究した. 窒素または加里を施用しない場合には春化効果が劣り, 燐酸無施用の影響は小さく, マグネシュウム無施用によつては春化効果に差が認められなかつた. 上記肥料無施用による春化効果の減少は生育のほとんどみられない低温で処理した場合にも認められた. (2) 低温処理期間中の光の影響について研究した. 処理期間中の1日当り照明時間が短縮するとともに春化効果は次第に減少し, 暗黒条件下での春化効果は著しく劣つた. 暗黒条件下では培養液に蔗糖を加えるか, または蔗糖液を葉面散布することにより効果の減少程度が小となつた. 日変化する温度条件下では高温期間中照明すれば低温期間中の暗黒条件は春化効果の減少をもたらさなかつた. 光は同化生産物の供給を通じて春化に影響するものと考えられる.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (837K) -
佐藤 庚, 岩波 悠紀1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 241-246
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーTemperature of leaf-sheath or stem of rice plant grown in pots with or without flood-water, being soaked in water bath of different temperatures, was self-registered using thermocouples. The temperature of the base of leaf-sheath and stem was higher than the surrounding air when the soil-and water temperature was higher than that of the air, being especially high without flood-water. When the pots with flood-water were soaked in bath of lower temperature, the base part of the plant was cooler than the surrounding air and the other plant parts, due-probably to evaporation of water drawn up by capillary action on the surface of leaf-sheath or-stem. This cooling phenomenon was not seen in the pots without flood-water, and was more conspicuous on the outer surface of the base than the interior part, and was promoted by wind. The fact that the growth of rice plant at a vegetative or earlier reproductive stage with the shoot apices close to the soil or water surface, is strongly regulated by the soil-and water-temperature, while that at a later growth stage with the apices at higher levels it is largely affected by air temperature, may be understood in relation to the temperature conditions around the shoot apices as was mentioned above.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (817K) -
伊藤 健次, 井之上 準, 近井 謙二1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 247-252
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThis experiment was made on the strength requisite for detaching rice grain from its pedicel or rachilla using unbonded gauge type transducer (UT 1kg) and automatic null balancing recorder. Materials were 48 cultural varieties of paddy rice taking any three ears of each at about 50 days after heading. Results were as follows. 1. The ratio of the breaking tensile strength, i. e. force strains along the direction of pedicel, to the breaking bending strength, i. e. force strains perpendicular to the pedicel, was from 1:2 to 1:8. The ratio was high in easily shedding varieties and low in persistent varieties. 2. Highly positive correlation (0.969) was obtained between the breaking tensile strength and the breaking bending strength. From the result, it is thought that the hardness of grain shedding is expressed sufficiently only by the mean value of the breaking tensile strength. 3. The breaking tensile strength of a grain was stronger in lower portion than in upper portion in a ear. Accordingly, average breaking tensile strength of a number of grains on each primary rachilla was somewhat stronger in that of lower portion than in that of upper portion in a ear. However, relationship between the strength of a grain shedding and earliness of the flower open was not observed. Average breaking tensile strength of a number of grains in upper three primary rachillas was nearly the same with that of all grains in the ear. 4. Degree of grain shedding character have been usually classified into 6 classes for convenience, i. e. persistent, little persistent, medium, little easily shedding, easily shedding and most easily shedding, respectively. The breaking tensile strength of rice verieties in this experiment belongs to each groups were as follows: persistent; 235-160 g, little persistent; 210-155 g, medium; 210-150 g, little easily shedding; 150-90 g, easily shedding; 170-90 g and most easily shedding; 115-75 g, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (704K) -
茶村 修吾1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 253-260
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーWhen paddy rice plants were irrigated with low concentration of nitric acid (18-45 ppm), the yiedld increased mainly due to the increase in number of tillering. When the concentration of nitric acid was slightly increased (100 ppm), the tendency of the plant to be lodgea increased. These results indicated thau up to this concentration of nitric acid, amount of nitrogen was the main factor for affecting growth and yield of rice. Howevr, when nitric acid concentration was further increased (300-675 ppm), toxicty of H ion became the main effect. In the soil with pH value lower than 4.5, growth of rice plant was inhibited, and in that of pH lower than 3.5, yield was decreased with the increasing number of degenerated spikeles caused by the injury at time of meiosis, and in that of pH as low as 3.0, yield was severely decreased due to the withering and death which occurred soon after heading. Nitrite was only slightly injurious to the rice. Raw straw application inhibited the growth of early stage. However at the later stage, the difference in Eh between the soil of straw-applied and non-straw-applied plots became small and as the result, number of spikelets per panicle increased and that affected favourably on the yield. Raw straw application reduced the injurious action of irrigation with higher concentration of nitric acid to the early growing stage of rice. It was likely that the buffering action of straw, which was favourable for growth, surpassed the harmful effect of straw to lower Eh of soil. When low concentration of cyanide, sulfulic acid and raw straw were added to the irrigating water of soil of normally fertilized pot, the additional yield was culculated as the difference between positive yield by favourable materials and the negative yield by unfavourable ones. The actual yield accurately coincided with the culculated value when nitric acid was not present in irrigating water. But when nitric acid was present, some discrepancies between the actual yield and calculated value were observed. The rooting of rice seedlings was promoted by the irrigating with very low concentration of nitric acid (18 ppm). It was inhibited by the concentration above 45 ppm. This inhibition was also reduced by the application of raw atraw.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1330K) -
植木 邦和, 清水 矩宏1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 261-272
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThis paper forms the first part of a series of investigations on control of the breaking of dormancy in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli var. oryzicola OHWI) seed. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the dormancy-breaking effects of various respiratory inhibitors applied to dormant barnyardgrass seed. The inhibitors of terminal oxidases-sodium and potassium cyanide, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and mercuric chloride-all showed a marked stimulatory effect on the breaking of dormancy. A slight increase in the germination of dormant seed was caused by 2, 4-dinitrophenol and hydroquinone. But no effect was shown by sodium azide, malonic acid and salicylic acid. The results obtained indicate that the inhibition of ascorbic acid oxidase is the critical factor in the dormancy-breaking, phenomenon of barnyardgrass seed. This is based on the dormancy-breaking action of 8-hydroxyquinoline, cyanide and Hg++ which are commonly known to be inhibitors of ascorbic acid oxidase.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1081K) -
星野 孝文, 松島 省三, 富田 豊雄, 菊池 年夫1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 273-278
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe first necessity to obtain high yields is to raise healthy and strong seedlings. The authors, therefore, have hitherto reported seversl papers concerning on this point (LXXV, LXXVIII, LXXXI and LXXXIV). In the present paper, growing the seedlings under each condition of all possible combinations of air-temperatures (16°C, 21°C, 34°C and 36°C) and water-temperatures (16°C, 21°C, 31°C and 36°C) for different number of days during which the seedlings attained identical leaf-ages (4.5, 6.0, and 7.5), the authors examined the effects of air-temperatures and water-temperatures on the characteristics of seedlings of rice plants. The results can be summerized as follows. 1. The progress of leaf-emergence is much more influenced by water-temperature than by air-temperature, and the higher water-temperature rises, the faster the rate of leaf emergence advances. 2. The value of integrating water-temperature for attaining an identical leaf-age has been proved much smaller under favourable water-temperature (31°C) than under low water-temperatures (16°C or 21°C) in spite of the value having hitherto been considered almost identical under any temperature above 10-16°C. 3. In case of all identical leaf-aged seedlings being compared with each other, the top dry-weight, the leaf-area, the rate of net assimilation, the number of tillers and the ratio of top dry-weight to the height of seedlings (T/H) are all largest under the condition of 31°C or 21°C in air-temperature and 16°C or 21°C in water-temperature, and smallest under the condition of a low air-temperature (16°C) and high water-tempere (36°C). 4. The nitrogen content of an identical leaf-aged seedlings is largest under the condition of 16°C in air-temperature and 36°C in water-temperature while the carbohydrate contente is largest under 16°C in water-temperature in any air-temperature. 5. The amounts of nitrogen as well as carbohydrates of an identical leaf-aged seedlings per plant are largest under the condition of 31°C in air-temperature and 16°C in water-temperature on account of the amounts being much more influenced by the dry-weight than by the contents of seedlings. 6. From the present experiment a low water-temperature such as 16°C, which affects directly the growth points of seedlings has been re-confirmed to be quite important for raising healthy and strong seedlings.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (770K) -
: 第89報 各種の気温・水温条件下で育成した苗の各種の気温・水温条件下での活着良否について星野 孝文, 松島 省三, 富田 豊雄, 定金 章1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 279-286
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーGrowing the rice seedlings under the conditions of all possible combiations of air-temperatures (16, 21, 31, and 36°C) and water-temperatures (16, 21, 31 and 36°C) up to the age of 6.5 in leaf-number, and transplanting those seedlings again under the same various temperature conditions mentioned above, the authors investigated (a) the number of roots newly emerged, (b) the length of roots newly elongated, (c) number of dead leaves and (d) the number of leaves newly emerged on the main stem at the time of 10 days after transplanting, and furthermore examined the most suitable temperature conditions for both production of seedings with high rooting activity and vigorous rooting in the rooting period after the transplanting. 1) In the seedling period the air-tempertures suitable for vigorous root development were 21°C, 31°C and 36°C, and the water-temperature suitable for increasing the number of roots was 31°C and that suitable for elongation of root length was 16°C. In the rooting period the water-temperature had much more powerful effect on root development than the air-temperature and the water-temperature for increasing the number of roots was 36°C and that suitable for elongation of root length was 31°C 2) The seedlings grown under low air-temperatures and low water-temperatures had few-number of dead leaves after transplanting, and low air-temperature and high water-temperatures in the rooting period served for decreasing the number of dead leaves after transplantig. 3) The temperature conditions in the seedling period had little effect on emergence of new leaves on the main stem, while the water-temperature in the rooting period had a great effect on it and the water-temperature of 31°C was most suitable for increasing the number of new leaves on the main stem. 4) The temperature condition of the combination of the air-temperature of 21°C and the water-temperature of 16°C was liable to produce the seedlings which showed the most favourable result in rooting, as far as the four studying items on rooting activity mentioned above were concerned, in any temperature condition in the rooting period, and in the second place that of the air-temperature of 16°C and the water-temperature of 16°C followed. These facts suggested that the low temperature such as 16°C was quite necessary to raise strong and healthy seedlings. 5) The combination of the air-temperature of 21°C and the water-temperature of 31°C in the rooting period was liable to let every seedling show the most fovourable result in rooting on all the four items concerning rooting activity mentioned above, and in the second place that of the air-temperature of 31°C and the water-temperature of 31°C followed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1036K) -
田中 孝幸, 松島 省三, 古城 斉一, 新田 英雄1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 287-293
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーDividing a rice plant community, which had 7.1 leaf area index with straight and errect leaves, into two communities, one was a plant community with straight and errect leaves which was not treated at all and the other was a plant community with curved and drooped leaves which was made artificially by putting a small weight on the tip of every leaf of the plant community, the author & examined the relation of the rate of carbon assimilation to light intensity on the two plant communities. 1) In the plant commuity with straight and errect leaves the rate of carbon assimilation increased with light intensity and no light saturation point seemed to be found, while in the plant community with the curved and drooped leaves the rate of carbon assimilation increased with light intensity up to about 0.6 cal/cm2. min., but did not increase at all in higher light intensities than 0.6 cal/cm2. min. which seemed to be a light saturation point (Fig. 1-2). 2) As a result of comparing the structures of the two plant communities with each other after Monshi et Saeki, it was made clear that in the plant communities with straight and errect leaves all the leaves are near equally distributed in vertical direction and the sunlight seemed to penetrate fairly well to leaves in the lower layer, while in the plant community with curved and drooped leaves the leaves mostly distributed on the upper layer and the sunlight hardly penetrated in to lower leaves (Fig. 3). 3) For clarifying the reason why the light-curve of carbon assimilation changed with the change of plant type of the communities, an investigation was made on the light-receiving degree of all individual leaves in the two plant communities. The results suggested that in the community with straight and errect leaves the light-receiving degree increased with an increase of the sunlight intensity on most leaves synchronously and progressively, and consequently no light saturation point was found on its light-curve of carbon assimilation, while in the community with curved and drooped leaves the light receiving degree increased with an increase of the sunlight intensity only on a small number of leaves in the uppermost layer of the community and it attained more than a saturation light intensity, but it hardly increased on most leaves with an increease of the sunlight intensity, and consequently a light saturation point was found on the light-curve of carbon assimilation (Fig. 4). 4) The plant community with curved and drooped leaves was less by 34 % in the incresed weight of drymatter in the period after heading and also was less by 33 % in grain yield than that of the plant community with straight and errect leaves, respectively. 5) From the above mentioned facts it was concluded that the rice plant community with straight and errect leaves was one of the most necessary characteristics for maximizing the yield of rice.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (931K) -
和田 源七, 松島 省三1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 294-298
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIt has hitherto been considered that even if the number of spikelets per unit field area is excessive, the percentage of ripened grains may be reduced, but the yield will be nearly constant so long as the plants hold the constant amount of carbohydrates. The present paper, however, has clarified that in fact there is an optimum number of spikelets per unit field area and an optimum percentage of ripened grains equivalent to the amount of carbohydrates per unit field area for maximizing the yield. An optimum number of spikelets per unit field area is represented as a linear function of the amount of carbohydrates but an optimum percentage of ripened grains is found to be nearly constant (about 80 to 85 %) for any amount of carbohydrates to obtain the highest yield. So, the degree of the percecentage of ripened grains can be taken as an index of the diagnosis of the defect in rice cultivation. When the rice plants have less number of spikelets than an optimum, their grain yield decreases in proportion to the number of spikelets, however high the percentage of ripened grains may be, and the amount of carbohydrates which remaines in shoot at maturity increases in inverse proportion to the number of spikelets. While, when the rice plants have more number of spikelets than an optimum, their grain yield decreases in inverse proportion to the number of spikelets, because of the number of imperfectly ripened grains being increased. The main reason for this fact can be explained by that as the number of spikelets increases, the given amount of carbohydrates must be shared with the more numerous spikelets, causing a more than proportional increase in number of grains which have an insufficient share of carbohydrates and consequently resulting in proportional decrease in the number of fully ripened grains.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (640K) -
佐藤 庚1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 299-305
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーRice seedlings of 35 cm height with 6 tillers were differently defoliated in 1959 when the main stem reached 9.8 leaf-stage, and the regrowth processes of each organ during 15 days after the treatment were observed. In 1962, a root-box mehod was used to record the daily elongation following defoliatiation directly on the acryl resin fronts of the box. Moreover in 1964, the rooting process after clipping at paddy field was studied. 1) The more severely being removed of foliage, the more reduction of dry matter production followed with shorter plant height, less tillers and less roots. The rate of regrowth of leaf-blades was higher than other organs, and at the 15th bay after defoliation the ratio of green leaf-blades to the whole plant by dry weight reached about 40% in all plots differently defoliated, the value being the same as that of the untreated plant (fig. 1). All the defoliated plants recovered well 2 weeks after the treatment as far as the balance of each organ is concerned (fig. 2). The recovery of root numbers was earlier than that of tiller numbers (fig. 1) 2) Severe defoliation induced less photosynthetic contribution to the plant reducing the starch content in the leaf-sheath (fig. 3). Defoliated leaf may expand consuming carbohydrates stored in the base of the leaf, but elongating uncut leaves may use preferentially the carbohydrates stored in the sheaths of other leaves (fig. 10), resulting in shortage of the resources for the elongation of new tiller buds (fig. 4; 8, 9 buds) and roots (fig. 4-8, table 1). 3) Removal of whole leaf-blades caused root growth to stop for a time, although it began to recover with the regrowth of leaf-blades 4 days after clipping. The higher rate as compared, to the control of root growth occurred with the recovery of leaf-growth, and the root number in the treated plants equalled to the control 2 weeks or 3 weeks after clipping at higher or lower density of planting, respectively. Although the defoliated plants formed new roots smaller in diameter than the control even 10 days after treatment (table 2), the successively formed new roots became progressively thicker until they surpassed the control.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (997K) -
佐藤 庚1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 306-312
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe rice plants previously grown under different fertilizer and light conditions were removed of their whole leaf-blades at the same time and were sampled on every 2 days thereafter to analyze dry matter production, nitrogen and carbohydrate accumulation in each organ of them. i) In HF plot, the regrowth of leaves progressed linearly with time and the weight of whole plant began to rise 4 days after defoliation, whereas in LF and SH plots, the plant weight little changed with a slight regrowth of leaves (fig. 1). 2) Nitrogen concentration of leaf-sheath and stem little changed after defoliation except LF plot where it increased. In contrast to the undefoliated plant, the nitrogen % of defoliated plants was always higher in all organs in all plots (fig. 3, 7). However the nitrogen content decreased in all organs after defoliation, thereafter being almost constant until 8 days in LF and SH plot, having begun to recover after 4 days in HF plot (fig. 8). 3) The starch concentration of leaf-sheath and stem conspicuously dropped after defoliation especially in LF plot, but that of total sugar slightly (fig. 1). Both TAC concentration and content in all organns decreased in HF and SH plots until 4 days after the treatment and then turned to increase. In LF plot they dropped more, being almost constant at lower levels until the end of the experiment (fig. 5, 6). 4) It is suggested from the results obtained that much attention should be paid to the significance of nitrogen with concomitant reserve carbohydrates in recovery of leaves after defoliation. In the earliest stage of recovery carbohydrates may play an important role, but soon nitrogen becomes a major factor determining the further regrowth.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (754K) -
佐藤 庚, 伊東 睦泰1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 313-320
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーEight plots of different temperature combinations of air and soil were established to compare the responses in growth and chemical constituent both in orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass plants, grown in 4 phytotrons with different air-temperatures from 90 to 28°all dry under natural day light. 1. In both grasses, the growth in terms of plant height, leaf-emergence rate, heading date, tiller number, leaf area and dry matter production was promoted by raising or lowering several degrees of soil-temperature when the air-temperature was lower or higher than the optimum, respectively. The production of dry matter was highest in air 17°-soil 23°plot, followed by 23-17°, 23-23°and 17-17°. 2. Generally, nitrogen concentration of each organ was higher under cooler air-temperatures, although a little higher under 28°. With the growth promotion by the soil-temperature alteration, both nitrogen concentration and Sol-N/Tot-N ratio declined. TAC concentration increased with the increase of air-temperature in orchardgrass, whereas decreased in perennial ryegrass. The concentration was generally higher under the soil-temperatures whereby the growth was promoted. Therefore, Tot-N/TAC ratio was greater under cooler air-temperatures in orchardgrass but smaller in perennial ryegrass, and in both grasses declined with the greater growth rate induced by the alteration of soil-temperature. 4. Both crude protein and TAC production were less under 9°and 28°, higher under 17°and 23°air-temperatures, respectively, being highest under 17-23°and 23-17°conditions. In the regime of this experiment, it is suggested that the production of protein and TAC increase in parallel with that of dry matter.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1345K) -
宮坂 昭1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 321-326
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? . ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? (5 cm) ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? . ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? . 1. ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 5cm ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 5cm ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??, 1 ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??, Nira> ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? > ?? ?? ?? > ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? . 1 ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? > ?? ?? ?? >Nira> ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? . 2. ?? ?? ?? ?? 5 cm ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 27 ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? . ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 4 ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 々 ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? (x) ?? ?? ?? (y) ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??, y=a·x1-b (a, b ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??, 0<b<1) ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? . ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? a, b ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? . 3. ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ( ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ) ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? age ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? . 4. ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? II ?? ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? .抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (678K) -
川鍋 祐夫, 酒井 博, 藤原 勝見1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 327-332
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe dry matter production of a ladino clover sward was investigated and some analysis of its growth were made during both periods of late spring to summer and of atumn to early winter. The work was carried out at Tohoku University farm (volcanic ash soil) located in northern Japan. Pure stands of ladino clover, two years after sowing were clipped up to 7 cm above the ground level on the 14th of June and 4th of October. Starting on these dates, plants were harvested with intervals of 5 to 10 days with randomly sited quadrat of 20×20 cm over a period of 6 to 7 weeks. The plants in each quadrat were separted into the root, stolon, leaf petiole and leaf lamina. Dry weight of each part and area were measured. The dry weight of leaves was higher in June than in October, wheras that of stolon and root was higher in October than in June. Dry weight of total plant was nearly the same in June and in October (fig. 1). Stolon and root dry weight decreased more sharply and for longer duration in June than in October. It was thought that the sharp decrease of weight of these storage organs in June was associated with the fast development of LAI or leaf weight (fig. 2). The growth process after defoliation was separated into two stages, namely (1) the stage in which root and stolon weights decrease and the fast development of new leaves occurs, and (2) the stage in which root and stolon weights increse and slow developmant of leaves occurs. The amount of net prduction was 8.4 g, m-2, day-1 in June and 4.9 g, m-2, day-1 in October. From these values, length of growing period and actual production of fresh weight, it was estimated that net production of the ladino clover sward in moderate productivity was about 1.2 kg, m-2, year-1 and was about 1.8 kg, m-2, year-1 in high productivity in Japan. LAI reached a maximum value of 3.15 in June and 3.36 in October. It was noticed that LAI increased faster and reached the maximum value in a shorter period in June than in October (table 1). The value of leaf area duration was nearly the same in June and in October, whereas the value of NAR was higher in June than in October for most (o the Period of regrowth. It was thought that the low value of NAR was one of the cause of low production in October and that some effect of frost on. Leaves had relation to the decrease of NAR (table 2). A comparison of net production per day, NAR and LAI suggested that this clover was inferior to sweet potato and rice plant in dry matter production.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (691K) -
吉田 照雄, 森貞 聰, 亀岡 和雄1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 333-337
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn this paper it is reported that the distribution of oil glands of the leaves and the state of accumulation of the oil drops in the oil glands before and after the coming out of spikes of Perilla species and the cause of lowering of the percentage of oil after the coming out of spikes. 1) The number of oil glands per unit area of the leaves significantly decreases in the direction from the first leaf in the top portion to the 8th leaf with the growth of leaves, which shows a tendency similar to the variation in the rate of oil yield. 2) As a result of the examination of the distribution of oil glands on the whole rear surface of the leaf it has been found that the top portion of the leaf is less in the distribution of oil glands and the neighborhood of the midrib of the basal portion of the leaf is high in the distribution. This tendency is especially significant in young leaves. 3) As the cause of lowering of the rate of oil yield after the coming out of spikes in comparison with that before the coming out of spikes, the distribution density of oil glands (crown portion of each oil gland has formed a cup-like shape) which has small amount of accumulated essential oil may be counted. 4) Since the central portion of oil gland recesses and each forms a cup-like oil gland, in is considered that the essential oil accumulated in the cup-like oil gland has decreased. Judging from the fact that the oil drop in the cup-form oil gland is not dyed red even if it is dyed by sudan IV, it may also be considered that the lowering of the rate of oil yield is due to the change in property of the essential oil.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1297K) -
中山 治彦1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 338-341
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーInteraction between a progress of the kernel senescence and the transition in dehydrogenase activity in the spikelet tissue has been examined in a variety of rice plant (c. v., Koshijiwase). It was found in the rachilla that a disappearance of the enzyme activity with TTC reaction is the earlist at a part deserving of absciss layer in the pedicel of tissues, i. e., rachilla, husk, embryo, and endosperm. The proper and natural rout becames senile though the rachilla, empty glume, husk, vascular bundle of endosperm before occurring endosperm senescence in the spikelet tissue. Such a fact was found by a histo-chemical investigation. Therefore, there seems to be that to protect a senescence of the rachilla supporting a spikelet means to perfect the maturity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (579K) -
吉田 照雄, 森貞 聰, 若田 洋三1969 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 342-343
発行日: 1969/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (965K)
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