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Volume 41 (1972)
- Issue 4 Pages 367-
- Issue 3 Pages 291-
- Issue 2 Pages 111-
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Volume 41, Issue 1
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Jong Hoon LEE1972 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 1-14
Published: March 28, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Hitoshi SAKA, Eizo MAEDA1972 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 15-21
Published: March 28, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of several substances on the callus growth induced by gibberellic acid (GA3) were studied with yeast extract (YE), casein hydrolysate (CH), kinetin, single amino acids and the mixture of amino acids in rice varieties, Tan ginbozu, Waisei shinriki, Aichi asahi and Te-Tep using Maeda's medium. An effect of CH on the kinetin activities to organ formation was also investigated in callus tissue, var. Aichi asahi. (1) A chemically defined medium did not reveal the GA3 response, that is a remarkable growth promoting phenomenon in callus tissues by the interaction of 2, 4-dichrolophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and GA3 in the YE containing medium. Also, the effect of kinetin on the shoot formation in Aichi asahi callus tissue disappeared in the chemically defined medium. (2) In the chemically defined medium, the GA3 response on the growth of Tan ginbozu callus tissue was neither appeared by increasing of GA3 concentrations, nor by application of kinetin. Any GA3 response was not appeared by application of single amino acids, i. e. L-arginine, proline, glycine and DL-methionine. Both of L-lysine and L-threonine indicated slightly the GA3 response. (3) When YE and CH were added in the chemically defind medium, the GA3 response was induced in Tan ginbozu callus tissues. Moreover, when the mixture of amino acids prepared as same proportion as Bacto-Yeast Extract was added, the response appeared conspicuously. In Aichi asahi callus tissue cultured in CH medium, kinetin had a promoting effect on shoot formation but GA3 revealed an inhibitive effect strikingly. Above mentioned results indicate that a mixture of many amino acids is required for the GA3 response on the growth or the activities of kinetin on organ formation as a complementary factor in rice callus tissues. Therefore it is assumed that the callus growth and shoot formation are closely connected with the amino acid metabolism in the callus tissues.View full abstractDownload PDF (753K) -
Shigeki ISHII1972 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 22-26
Published: March 28, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Shugo CHAMURA, Kinjiro KAWASE, Eizo YOKOYAMA, Yasukuni HONDA1972 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 27-31
Published: March 28, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The palatability of paddy rice produced in various types of soil was found to be in parallel with the stickiness of cooked rice. 2. Alluvial soil, diluvial soil and tertiary soil produced palatable rice, while rice produced on black volcano ash soil or peat soil, was found to be inferior in taste in sensory evaluation. 3. It is suggeted that palatability of rice varies according to the varieties of paddy rice even when they are cultivated on the same type of soil. And also it is suggested that lodging reduce the palatability of paddy rice even when it is cultivated on good soil. 4. The soil rich in humus, in total nitrogen, in clay, with large effect of the liberation of ammonia by raising soil temperature at wet condition especially in the deeper soil than I layer and with high cation-exchange capacity, produced rice of poor palatability on account of the excess nitrogen in the later stage of plant growth. 5. The rice produced on the soil high in phosphate-absorbing-index was found to be less paratable. 6. Excess nitrogen in the latter stage of growth, or lodging resulted in the reduction of thousand-kernel-weight and the ratio of paddy weight to straw, suggesting the decrease of photosynthetic capacity at ripening stage. 7. The rice rich in well developed grains was found to be palatable. For example, a variety of white belly rice to produuce large grains at normal conditions was found to taste good when many grains were white belly and a variety of small grains was also good in taste when many grains were cheched rice. The rice with many kernels abnormally low in starch content caused by damage e. g. : both small and large grain varieties with milky whitcy kernels or a small grain variety with white core rice was found to be inferier in taste.View full abstractDownload PDF (705K) -
Nobuo ITO1972 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 32-37
Published: March 28, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Harunori KITANOSONO1972 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 38-43
Published: March 28, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo reveal the interception of rainfall by the canopy of tobacco at various growth stages and know the effects of rain strikes on the quality of flue-cured tobacco, the experiments were carried out in 1966-1967 at the Hatano Tobacco Experiment Station. The variety Bright Yellow was used in this experiment. The rainfall which is caught by the tobacco canopy is redistributed as throughfall, stalk-flow and by evaporation and absorption. It is obvious that tobacco canopy gives an influence on the soil environment by changing the distribution of ground rainfall. Results obtained were as follows : 1) The shaded area by the canopy was measured quantitatively by the use of photogarph and planimeter. Methods for measureing the number and size of raindrops were done by means of photographic paper spread with developer. There was a high degree of positive correlation between the diameter of raindrop and the size of trace on the catch photographic paper. The number of raindrop counted on the shaded area of the canopy per second were 282 at moulding time, 527 at topping time. 2) The dissolution of raindrops due to the collision with leaf surface differed by the position on the leaf inclination angle of leaf, condition of surface and collision angle between drops and the leaf. The above facts were ascertained by photographing with 8mm cinema camera. A drop of water (the diameter was 4.1 mm) fell from the height of 11 m and hit the surface of the leaf was divided into many micro droplets and the diameter of the largest droplet was about 2.0 mm. 3) The interception was found to increase directly with the growth of vegetative cover and the distribution of ground rainfall was influenced by the character of vegetative growth. The amount of water attached to the leaf after rainfall was about 50 g per plant at budding stage and this water was absorbed by the leaf or evaporated into the atmosphere after about 50 minutes. 4) It was found that the amount of water ran down along the tobacco stalks was relatively smaller than those reached to the ground directly through the gaps in the canopy or dripped from leaves. About one third of the water attached to the leaf flowed down from the tip and about two third from the basal part of the leaf. At the budding time the water dropped on the surface of row to the distance of 30 cm and at the topping time to the distance of 40 cm from the plant. 5) The content of petroleum ether extract reduced by excessive rainfall or by irrigation as reported by Darkis et al. Thus the excessive rainfall gives an inferior effect on the leaf quality of flue-cured tobacco.View full abstractDownload PDF (715K) -
Hirokadzu TAIRA, Harue TAIRA1972 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 44-50
Published: March 28, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper on protein content of lowland non-glutinous brown rice, it was shown that the values of 5 samples in 1968 and 2 samples in 1969 from Hokkaido were higher than the average values of 250 samples in 1968 and 97 samples in 1969 from all over the country. In order to know the protein level of lowland non-glutinous brown rice from Hokkaido, 925 samples of 51 varieties (grade No.2: 26 samples, grade No.3: 266 samples, grade No.4: 447 samples and grade No.5: 186 samples) in 1970 were collected and investigated. The ranges of the protein content of grade No.2-5 on dry weight basis were 8.15-10.55, 7.59-11.82, 7.28-11.45 and 7.28-12.17%, respectively. The average values on grade No.2-5 were 9.50, 9.25, 9.32 and 9.52%, respectively. The protein value from Hokkaido is significantly higher, from a statistical standpoint, than that from all over the country in 1968, 1969 and 1970 with regard to the same grade brown rice. On the other hand, it was indicated that the variety and the producing district had an effect upon the protein value.View full abstractDownload PDF (728K) -
Hiroshi SUGE1972 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 51-56
Published: March 28, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Ryuichi ISHII, Kosei TSUNODA, Hiroyasu MACHIDA1972 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 57-62
Published: March 28, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGrowth compensation between neighbouring hills consisting of different number of seedlings was studied in relation to degree of nonuniformity and planting density. According to the result obtained, the rate of growtht compensation increases with increase of density and degree of nonuniformity. Growth compensation is thought to be caused by interaction or competition between neighbouring hills or among individual plants. So, in order to express quantity of competition, competition index was tried. In this trial, total competition among individual plants is sum of competition within hill (intra-hill competition) and between neighbouring hills (inter-hill competition). The method of calculation of competition index is as follows. log+/+ = 1o9 7#+/77+1o9- +/Q/-here I(n) is dry weight of the isolated hill whose number of seedlings is n, P(n) is dry weight of the hill whose number of seedlings is n in population. According to this equation, competition index was calculated about populations which had different planting densities. The intra-hill competition index increases with increase of the number of seedlings of a hill. The inter-hill competition index increases with increase of plant density. In the distance between hills below 24 cm, inter-hill competition index exceeds intra-hill competition index. Reversely, in the distance between hills above 36 cm, intra-hill competition index exceeds inter-hill competition index. So, the converting point of intra- and inter-hill competition is in the distance between 24 cm and 36 cm.View full abstractDownload PDF (760K) -
Masao HOSHINO, Hisakazu OIZUMI, Tadakatsu OKUBO1972 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 63-67
Published: March 28, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the effect of removal of the growing point of the main stem, lateral buds, and the defoliation of the leaves expect the 14C-fed leaf on the translocation of 14C-assimilates, the following two experiments were conducted, Experiment 1 : plants were given the treatment of 1) control, 2) removal of the growing point of main stem, 3) defoliation expect 14C-fed leaf, 4) combination of removal of the growing point and defoliation of leaves, 5) removal of growing point, lateral buds and defoliation. Two days after these treatments, 14CO2 was fed to the 5th leaf from the growing point for 1 hr. Three days after 14CO2 assimilation, plants were harvested and cunting of 14C and radioautographs were made. Experiment 2 : 14CO2 was fed to the leaves of different ages i. e. leaf No. 1, 3 and 6 from growing point, and the effect of defoliation of the leaves except the 14C-fed leaf on the translocation of assimilates was studied. Results of these experiments were as follows: 1) When the growing point of main stem was removed, appical dominance in the distribution of assimilates disappeared and 14C was distributed to the stolon and lateral buds near 14C-fed leaf. 2) Defoliation of the leaves except the 14C-fed lead influenced the translocation and distribution of the assimilates. When all the leaves except 14C-fed leaf was defoliated, 14C was translocated and accumulated intensely, without regard to age of 14C-fed leaf into the growing point of the main stolon, emphatically showing the appical dominance of distribution. 3) When all the leaves were defoliated except one of the younger leaf, 14C-assimilates by the young leaf was distributed more widely to the older part of the plant compared with those of control plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (597K) -
Jun INOUYE1972 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 68-72
Published: March 28, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, effect of high temperature treatment of seeds before sowing on the emergence in paddy rice seedlings were examined. Materials were two paddy rice varieties "Koshijiwase" and "Hoyoku" in japonica type, and cultural temperature was about 20°C. Seeding-depth were 5 and 7cm, and soil moisture content was about 19 per cent (pF value was about 3). The following results were obtained. 1. High temperature treatment of seeds before sowing promoted the emergence in rice seedlings. The promotion was more obvious under the conditions of 5 cm or more depth of seeding and compacted covering soil. 2. The most effective high temperature treatment of seeds before sowing was as follows. (i) Moisture content in seeds before the high temperature treatment; 24-27 per cent. (ii) Volume of vessel in which contains seeds during the high temperature treaument; 4-40 times larger than the volume of seeds. (iii) High temperature treatment; 4-8 days at 40-44°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (648K) -
Jun INOUYE, Katsuhiko HIBI1972 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 73-77
Published: March 28, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing thirty-four varieties of paddy rice in japonica type, effect of high temperature treatment of seeds (40°C for 10 days) before sowing on the mesocotyl elongation was examined at the cultural temperatures of 20 and 25°C in darkness. The following results were obtained. 1. Mesocotyl elongation was stimulated in the all varieties by the high temperature treatment of seeds before sowing at the both cultural temperatures. The stimulation ratio of treated mesocotyl to control one was from 6 to 31 at 20°C and from 6 to 55 at 25°C. 2. At 20°C, number of parencyma cells per one cell layer in longitudinal sections of treated mesocotyls was from 5 to 12 times that of control ones, On the other hand, parenchyma cell length of the former was from 0.8 to 1.6 times that of the latter. Moreover, parenchyma cell width was almost all the same in treated and control plants. 3. Coleoptile elongation was stimulated also in the all varieties by the high temperature treatment of seeds before sowing at 20°C. At 25°C, coleoptile elongation of one variety was inhibited slightly by the high temperature pre-treatment, while coleoptile elongation of thirty-three varieties were stimulated. In these thirty-three varieties, the stimulation ratio of treated coleoptile to control one was from 1.1 to 1.8. 4. Partial correlations were obtained between mesocotyl length in treated plants and mesocotyl length (r=0.518) or the number of parenchyma cells per one cell layer in longitudinal sections of the mesocotyl (r=0.543) in control plants at 20°C. 5. No positive correlations between mesocotyl length in treated plants and culm length (r=0.026 at 20°C, r=0.216 at 25°C) or the number of days from sowing to heading (r=0.199 at 20°C, r=0.188 at 25°C) were obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (683K) -
Kyoko ADACHI, Jun INOUYE1972 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 78-82
Published: March 28, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Sadamitsu ICHINOHE, Jiro ABE, Fumio ANDO1972 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 83-88
Published: March 28, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The amount of the manure production was influenced by that of the litter application. When applied 5 kg of litter a day, farmyard manure was produced 7.6 t per cow per year (20 kg per day). On the contrary, one cow produced only 4.0 t a year (11 kg per day) as applied 1 kg of litter. 2. The total labour requirement for the manure production and application to the field was 250 man-hours/year in the general system. But in the gulle system, only 14 man-hours was required i.e. about 5% of the general system.View full abstractDownload PDF (766K) -
Sadamitsu ICHINOHE, Jiro ABE1972 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 89-92
Published: March 28, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Introducing the gulle system as the effluent disposal system into the experiment farm, authors studied for two years its effect on the yield of the Italian ryegrass (October/1965-June/1966, October/1966-June/1967), and on that of the Rhodes grass (June/1966-October/1966, June/1967-October/1967) which were sown on the same field alternatingly. 2. The excreta of two milch cows were applied to the field of 10a. Nitrogen amount applied to the Italian ryegrass and to the Rhodes grass were estimated as 51 kg/10 a, respectively. The artificial fertilizer was applied only to the Italian ryegrass as the basal dressing. 3. The yield of the Italian ryegrass was 0.9-1.3 t/10 a in the dry weight, and that of the Rhodes grass was 0.8 t/10 a in the dry weight, that is, total yield of both grasses was 1.8-2.1 t/10a/year in the dry weight or 16 t in the flesh weight. Such result shows that the gulle as a grassland fertilizer can be used in place of the artificial one.View full abstractDownload PDF (645K) -
Kuni ISHIHARA, Ryuichi SAGO, Tadaharu OGURA, Tadahiro USHIJIMA, Tadayo ...1972 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 93-101
Published: March 28, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a previous report9) it was made clear that the stomata of leaf blade of rice plants closed to a considerable extent in fine days due to the unbalance of water economy in plant even when they grew in submerged paddy field with negligible influence of water potential surrounding the roots. For this time an investigation was undertaken to clarify the relation between stomatal aperture and photosynthetic rate of intact leaves outdoors under natural daylight with concomitant measurement of stomatal aperture by infiltration method. At first, the method to pursue the relation above mentioned was established by measuring the variation of photosynthetic rate of leaf blades from the beginning of measurement 1) in leaf blades with open stomata by the pretreatment of wrapping with polyethylene bags in light condition, 2) in ones with no pretreatment and 3) in ones with closed stomata by dark pretreatment. High correlation was, indeed, found between stomatal apetrture and photosythetic rate, the wider the former, the larger the latter. This relationship was not affected by the different stage of development or by leaf age. The photosynthetic activity of flag leaf, especially with small stomatal aperture, was larger than other leaves in equal stomatal aperture. In low light intensity, the photosynthetic rate stopped to increase above definite stomatal aperture, and the photosynthetic rate in equal stomatal aperture was smaller in leaf blades with lower nitrogen content than in ones with higher one, this difference becoming prominent in wider stomatal opening. From the results above mentioned it was suggested that the photosynthetic rate of rice plants grown in submerged paddy field was highly affected by stomatal aperture, reinforced by high light intensity and high nitrogen content of leaves.View full abstractDownload PDF (1121K)
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