巻号一覧
41 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1～11を表示しています
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松崎 昭夫, 松島 省三, 富田 豊雄, 朴 錫洪1972 年 41 巻 3 号 p. 291-295
発行日: 1972/09/28
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーAs reported in the previous paper, it was possible to express the leaf color by means of standard color plate, which was made of commercial embroidery thread. Furthermore, the authors tried to clarify the relation between the leaf color and the nitrogen content in leaf blades, in the case of different varieties grown in Konosu, and of the identical variety grown in different regions. Manryo and other varieties were used, and the former variety was grown at each prefectural agricultural experiment station of Aomori, Miyagi, Shiga and at three agricultural experiment stations in Korea, in accordance with each planting practices. On the basis of measurement values of the leaf color at the nearly identical growth stage of rice plants, correlation and regression coefficients between the leaf color and the nitrogen content in upper 3 leaves were determined. Results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Even in case of the variety grown under different cultural conditions at a given region, the fact reported in the previous paper was confirmed again. 2. In different varieties grown at Konosu, a high correlation between the leaf color and the nitrogen content in leaf blades was also found. 3. The leaf color and the nitrogen content in leaf blades of the identical variety, Manryo, which was grown at different regions, showed a high correlation in each region, where the observation was conducted, so long as the growth stage was in the range of 19-50 in the number of days before heading. 4. If the growth stage of rice plants was nearly identical, the fact mentioned above was also established even though the rice plants were grown at different regions. 5. In the regression coefficient between the leaf color and the nitrogen content in leaf blades in each observation, no significant differences among leaf positions were found, but the regression coeffiicient became larger as the growth stage of rice plants advanced.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (603K) -
川田 信一郎, 原田 二郎, 山崎 耕宇1972 年 41 巻 3 号 p. 296-309
発行日: 1972/09/28
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーCrown root primordia in stem of rice plants (fig. 9) originate from certain cells derived from the innermost ground meristem cells adjacent to the continuous ring of meristematic tissue which will differentiate to the peripheral cylinder of vascular bundles and fibers (PV in fig. 9). The vascular tissue between the crown root and the peripheral cylinder of the longitudinal vascular bundles of the stem originates also from the same cells. Before the crown root initiation, several cell layers are formed by one or two periclinal divisions of the innermost ground meristem cells (fig. 4). In these several cell layers, subsequently, the cells of the inner one or two layers bigin to divide transversely while the cells of the outer one or two layers bigin to divide radially somewhat later (fig. 5). At this stage, some groups of cells from the inner cell layers elongate radially and the nuclei and the nucleoli of the cells become enlarged (fig. 6). These groups of cells are the initial cells of crown root primordia as observed under ordinary microscope, also the density of the protoplasm of these cells becomes gradually higher. The same phenomena were observed in the outer cells adjacent to the crown root initial cells. These outer cells also constitute the primordia. In this stage, the initial cells bigin to divide periclinally, transversely and radially to form the crown root primordia (fig. 7). On the other hand, the inner cells which have not differentiated to crown root primordia undergo transversal division and sometimes periclinal division (fig. 8). They give rise to the vascular tissue between the crown root and the vascular system of the stem. When the sequence of the region where the initiation of crown root primordia is taking place is observed basipetally in longitudinal sections, it was found to correspond to the same region where the future sclerenchymatous elements in the peripheral cylinder of vascular bundles and fibers bigin to elongate (fig. 6). The differentiation of the peripheral cylinder of vascular bundles and fibers proceeds acropetally, these regions may migrate acropetally as the stem develops. When the distribution of the crown root primordia formed in the main stem is examined, two "primordium forming zones of crown roots" (fig. 10) were recognized in the region between the axils of Pn+1 and Pn leaves (fig. 9). These zones were observed to have a relationship to the vascular pattern of the stem. In the region between these two "primordium forming zones of crown roots" where there are few crown root primordium formations, the meristematic ring of the future peripheral vascular bundles and fibers is separated by both larger and smaller leaf traces observed in transversal sections (fig. 11).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1953K) -
戸田 正行1972 年 41 巻 3 号 p. 310-314
発行日: 1972/09/28
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー1. Field investigations were carried out on the abnormal ripening of wheat occurred in Kawanakazima-machi. The results of investigations were as follows. l) There was no difference in culm- and ear-length between the injured plants and the normal ones. 2) Earlier developed ears in an individual were severely injured, but later developed ears were not injured. 3) The injured grains were able to classify into two kinds, sterile or immature grains and shrivelled or concaved grains. 4) Most of the injured grains were the immature grains which mostly showed the interruption of development at 2-6 days after the flowering. 5) Size of the immature grain at each floret-position of an injured ear paralleled generally with the developmental order of the normal grains in a normal ear. 6) The shrivelled or concaved grains occurred with low frequency, and were scattered at random in an ear. 2. According to the investigation on the air temperature in Kawanakazima-machi, the low temperature, near to 0°C, attacked on the 16th of May corresponding to end of the flowering stage. 3. In order to explain the results of investigations mentioned above without discrepancy, it may be reasonable to propose an idea that the injury resulted from the attack of the low temperature at the flowering stage. The injuries occurred in some other regions than the region were also presumed to be the injury caused by a low temperature before and after the flowering stage.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (577K) -
戸田 正行1972 年 41 巻 3 号 p. 315-319
発行日: 1972/09/28
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn order to confirm the presumption that the abnormal ripening of wheat occurred in some regions involving the region of Kawanakazima-machi might be caused by the low temperature before and after the flowering stage, the experiments on artificial induction of the abnormal ripening were performed. The results of experiments were as follows. 1. Ears at 1-8 days after the beginning of flowering were subjected to the low temperature treatment, -0.5°C or -1°C for 5 hours, accompanied water spray. The artificially induced injury was similar to the natural injury occurred in Kawanakazima-machi. 2. Artificial induction of the injury required such a low temperature as -0.5°C at least, while the natural injury was caused by a temperature above 0°C. 3. Resistance to the low temperature of ears at few days before the beginning of flowering was higher than that of ears at 0-14 days after the beginning of flowering. 4. Kinds and frequencies of the injured grains or ears varied in accordance with the progress of day after the flowering. 5. Most of the injured grains showed continuation of development at least for 1-2 days after the low temperature treatment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (540K) -
山田 記正1972 年 41 巻 3 号 p. 320-334
発行日: 1972/09/28
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーSeveral investigations have been carried out on the male sterility in rice plants, especially referring to the damage in pollen by cold weather. So far results obtained, however, seem to be unsatisfactory in the developmental physiology of rice pollen which is one of the most important field. The work reported here is a part of the study to elucidate the metabolic patterns connected with the developmental phases in rice pollen. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The occurrence of the unfruitfulness spikelets on the panicles in rice varieties, Kamenoo and Akaho, was encouraged by top-dressing of excessive nitrogen at the early stage of panicle formation. 2. The increment of the pollen grains in diameter was rapid at one nuclear Period (I period), but slow at binuclear period (II period) and again vigorous at trinuclear period (III period). The change in water content of anther was similar to that in the pollen diameter above mentioned. 3. The length of anther closely correlated with the developmental stages in pollen. 4. Total nitrogen content per dry weight of anther at I and II period was higher than at III period. Insoluble nitrogen (IN) content per anther increased at I period. The increment of IN at II period was slow, while the soluble nitrogen (SN) per anther began to increase since this stage. At III period, both IN and SN contents per anther increased conspicuously. On the basis of such results, it was assumed that there are three patterns of nitrogen metabolism in pollen development; the first is active protein synthesis at I period, the second is active amino -acid synthesis at II period and the third is active synthesis of both protein and amino-acid at III period. 5. Soluble and insoluble organic phosphorous contents per anther gradually increased to II period, but they decreased at III period. On the contrary, inorganic phosphorous (Pi) content per anther at III period was over three times than at II period. As a result, Pi content in anther at III period was about 60% of total phosphorous content. 6. Although there was just a trace of starch content in anther at I and II period, it increased remarkably at III period. High synthetic activity of starch at III period showed a sharp contrast to those of other periods. 7. The top-dressing of excess-nitrogen caused the high occurrence of the fruitfulness spikelets following the decrease of SN content at II period and Pi and starch content at III period in anther. 8. On the morphorogical observation in developing pollens, it was recognized that the generative nucleus was surrounded by membrane-like substance at the time of division. The characteristics of rice pollens seem to be represented by the metabolic patterns proper to one-, bi- and tri- nuclear period, and also by the presence of the membrane-like substance surrounding the generative nucleus. The morphological and physiological knowledges of rice pollens will be enriched through the elucidation of these properties of them and this effort will contribute to throw light on the mechanism of the occurrence in male sterility of rice plants.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1971K) -
戸田 正行1972 年 41 巻 3 号 p. 335-339
発行日: 1972/09/28
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーHistological comparison between the injured grains obtained naturally or artificially and the normal grains at the various developmental stages was performed. The results of observations were as follows. 1. The immature grains were classiable into three types, death type, near death type and gradual death type. These types differed in the process to interruption of development, but the inferior development of pericarp, embryo and especially endosperm was common to the types. The immature grains tended to occur, when the ovaries or grains met with a low temperature at few days before or after the flowering. 2. The shrivelled or concaved grains were characterized by the loss of endosperm in a middle part of the grains, although the development of pericarp and embryo were complete. These grains were generally originated from the normal grains which were attacked by a low temperature at over a week after the flowering. 3. The chilling injury at the flowering stage will be interpreted as the results of entire or partial interruption of the endosperm development by a low temperature.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (899K) -
和田 定, 國廣 泰史, 本間 昭1972 年 41 巻 3 号 p. 340-347
発行日: 1972/09/28
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThis investigation was carried out to clarify the effect of some environmental factors during the stage of meiosis on the fertility of grain in rice plant. In this study, two levels of each factor, light intensity (normal and 75% shading), daily air temperature (26 and 18°C), daily water temperature (26 and 18°C), air temperature at night (18 and 10°C), water tempetature at night (18 and 10°C), depth of water treated (5 and 20 cm), number of days of treatment (6 and 12 days) and varieties (EIKO and TOYOHIKARI), were used in a 28 factorial arrangement of treatment fractional to one block as described above, and four growth cabinets were used. The main effects and two-factors interactions were tested by means of single degree of "F" test at P = 0.05. The air and water temperatatures were changed at 9.00 a.m. and 5.00 p.m. The stage of meiosis in each panicle was estimated by the distance between auricles of the last two leaves and only the plants ranging from -5 cm to +2 cm in distance were used. Ten panicles were sampled in each plot. The results obtained in this investigation are summarized as follows: (1) According to the results of the variance analysis, the significance were found in all of the main effects and significant interactions were found between light intensity and varieties, and in many cases between the depth of water and the other factors. (2) The interactions of light intensity with air temperatures in day and night were not significant. This suggests that the damage to the fertility of grains are not increased by shading treatment when the air temperatures during meiosis is low. (3) Response of the combined environment of low temperature and shading to the fertility of grains varied with the vatieties, EIKO being sensitive and TOYOHIKARI insensitive, that is, in EIKO the damage to the fertility of grains is increased by shading treatment at the low temperature condition. There are some studies on this subject in the past, but the results are somewhat different in each studies. The reason of this difference among studies seems to depend mainly upon the characteristics of varieties used in them. (4) We reconfirmed that the water control in rice culture, especially at the stage of meiosis, is very important for increasing the fertility of grains when cool air temperature. (5) Main informations obtained in this study for testing the tolerance to cold weather or water of rice plants are: (a) If air temperature could be controlled, water temperature is negligible. (b) The relationship between day and night temperature is not clear, so that the temperature may be controlled constant or alternate in the day and night. (c) The test should be done under the cooler temperature and shading conditions. (d) When the materials are tested in deep warer condition, a 20 cm in depth is recommended and its temperature may be controlled constant or altertiate in the day and night.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (869K) -
江幡 守衛1972 年 41 巻 3 号 p. 348-352
発行日: 1972/09/28
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーAn instrument was devised to measure the light transmitted or reflected by rice grains. And the possibility of using the value of transmittance or reflectance as a basis of objective method for estimating the quality of rice. A 6 gram sample of rice which laid in one layer in a glass container 66 mm in diameter was measured by the instrument using the same amount of normal grains as a standard of referrence. Various kinds of injured or inferior grains were tested for relative transmittance. The presence of chalkyness or abnormal coloring was indicated by a low relative transmittance as compared with normal grains. Experiments on the conditions of illumination revealed that illumination angle of 45° and light wave length of 420mμ might be most appropriate for measuring transmittance. The values were lowest at 420mμ wave length for all of the samples and increased with increased wave legth. Relative transmittance at 45° and 420mμ illumination, was 12% for chalky grain, 82% for white-core grain, and 95% for white-belly grain. The values for semi-chalky grain, milky-white grain, brown-discolored grain and green grain were intermadiate according to the degree of injury. The spectral transmittance curve for green grain was featured by a peak at 540 mμ and a drop at 660 mμ. The grains which have chalky tissues in their endosperm showed high relative reflectance as compared with the normal grain, whereas grains colored abnormally indicated low values. So, it may be said that the relative reflectance could not be used as an universal quality indicator. Another experiment revealed that the relative transmittance values for fissured grain and "hadazure-mai" or abraded grain were approximately 83% to 90% and 90% to 95%, respectively. It is concluded, therefore, that the relative transmittance measured by this method may be a simple and useful parameter for evaluating the quality of rice grain.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (687K) -
江幡 守衛1972 年 41 巻 3 号 p. 353-358
発行日: 1972/09/28
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe author has described, in the previous report, an objective method for evaluating the quality of hulled rice in connection with the injured or inferior grain. In this report, practicability was investigated on nonglutinous rice especially on the grade standard samples of rice. And experiments were also made on the quality of the standard rice samples from verious prefectures. The results are summarized as follows: There were close relations among the grade of rice, percentage of injured or inferior grains and the relative transmittance values. Above all, the content of inferior grains and the transmittance were highly-significantly correlated. The corelation coefficients for lowland and upland rice were -0.92 and -0.91, respectively. Therefore, it can be said that the relative transmittance accurately indicate the degree and amount of inferior grains. The relative transmittance values of high grade rice were bigger than those of lower grade rice on the samples from each prefecture. But condiderable difference in the value were recogniged among prefectural standards. In view of the transmittance, these differences were rather evident for upland rice, rice for brewing, and lower-grade rice. The values of upland rice were distinctly lower than those of lowland rice, indicating an inferiority in grain quality of the former. Another investigation was conducted on the variental difference in the quality of normal grain. Higher transmittance values were shown by the varieties of good reputation and of rather small grain. The objective method, therefore, seems to be able to indicate not only the content of inferior grains but also the quality of normal grain which cannot be accurately evaluated by visual inspection.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (666K) -
井上 貢, 前田 英三1972 年 41 巻 3 号 p. 359-360
発行日: 1972/09/28
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (381K) -
佐竹 徹夫1972 年 41 巻 3 号 p. 361-362
発行日: 1972/09/28
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (339K)
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