巻号一覧
46 巻, 2 号
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長南 信雄, 川原 治之助, 松田 智明1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 147-156
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーUltrastructural observations were made on the mesophyll cells in leaves at different stages of development. In the ground meristem of the leaf primordium, the plastids and mitochondria, both are approximately the same in dimention, locate around the large nucleus (Fig. 1). The plastids contain several lamellae and small starch grains (Fig. 4). The plastids in the intercalary meristem have more developed lamellae and larger starch grains than those in the leaf primordium. The protuberance formation of the arm-palisade cell progresses in parallel with the cell enlargement, and has completed just before emerging from sheath (Fig. 18). At the stage of cell enlargement, the number of lamellae, the size of starch grains and the rudimentary grana increase in the plastids (Fig. 6, 10). The dividing plastids are frequently observed (Fig. 6). The plasma membrane of the vacuolated cells is observed to possess numerous invaginations (Fig. 7). These invaginations continue to increase in size and project into the large central vacuole (Fig. 8, 9). These structures are bounded by two membranes, an outer tonoplast and inner invaginated plasma membranes. Some invaginations may separate from the peripheral cytoplasm and subsequently attach to the plastids (Fig. 10, 11, 12). The inner membranes of the invagination attached to the plastid, are connected with the plastid envelope. It is assumed that the invaginations may possibly be related to the formation of plastid envelope. In the leaf portion emerged out from sheath, all of the plastids take up a peripheral position in the cell and increase in size (Fig. 14). Another prominent features of the plastids are the increase in both the number of grana and thylakoids per granum (Fig. 16). The microbodies of 0.5-1.0 μm in diameter, are found in the mesophyll cells of expanded leaves (Fig. 17), but they are not found at the stage of cell division and cell enlargement.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2567K) -
平 宏和, 平 春枝, 山崎 一彦1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 157-163
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous papers, it was found that the rice producing district in Hokkaido had a significant effect upon chemical composition of lowland brown rice and was suggested that the paddy field of peat soil brought especially about the high protein content. Therefore, investigations have been carried out to determine the influence of soil types, i.e. strong gley soil (normal manuring and heavy manuring) and peat soil (normal manuring), and varieties, i.e. 13 Hokkaido varieties from early-maturity to late-maturity, on the protein, fat and ash content of lowland brown rice. Compared with the strong gley soil of normal manuring, the strong gley soil of heavy manuring and the peat soil of normal manuring gave significantly high protein and ash content. As to the results, the high protein value by the peat soil may be due to the liberation of nitrogen by decomposition of the soil at the late growing period, whereas the high protein value by the strong gley soil of heavy manuring may be due to the heavy nitrogen manuring and further to the lower yield because of lodging during the ripening period. On the other hand, the early varieties, as compared with the late varieties, had a tendency of higher protein and ash content, and the protein and ash content showed significantly negative correlations with heading date and date of maturity and positive correlations with ripening mean temperature.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (755K) -
坂 斉1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 164-170
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーRibulose-1, 5-diphosphate (RuDP) carboxylase, catalase and acid phosphatase activitics, and chlorophyll and soluble protein contents expressed in term of unit leaf area were investigated at various stages of leaf growth in pots. The following results were obtained : (1) When the leaf blade was divided into three equal parts, RuDP carboxylase activity of each part of young leaf blade immediately after it had fully expanded showed the ranking order: middle≥top<base. The activity of the aged old leaf showed the ranking order: base<middle<top. But the mean activity in the whole leaf blade was considerably lower in older leaf than in expanded younger one. Changes in RuDP carboxylase activity also had a similar pattern to soluble protein content, but not to chlorophyll content in all leaf parts. (2) When RuDP carboxylase activity in different position of leaf blades was measured at various stages of leaf growth, the results were obtained that the mature top leaf which completely expanded had the highest activity and as the leaf positions dropped down, RuDP carboxylase activity of each leaf decreased drastically. RuDP carboxylase activity of developing immature leaf was as low as that of lower leaf position. Chlorophyll content of leaf blade attained its maximum at the lower leaf than the mature top leaf and their differences among various leaf positions were observed after young panicle formation stages, but not at early growing stages. (3) After heading date, RuDP carboxylase activity of flag leaf was maintained at relatively higher levels untill toward the yellowing stages. During these stages, soluble protein content, chlorophyll content, and catalase activity of each leaf changed parallel with RuDP carboxylase activity, respectively, but acid phosphatase activity increased with the ageing of expanded leaf blades. (4) The correlation evident between RuDP carboxylase activity and soluble protein content observed through the growing stages (table 3 and 4.) indicated that there was a parallel correlation between RuDP carboxylase activity and photosynthetic rate when we referd to the past some observations that protein-nitrogen content of rice leaf was closely correlated with the photosynthetic rate. Chlorophyll content also changed parallel with the RuDP carboxylase activity through growing stages except for the early stages. But the degree of the parallelism between the two was lower than that between RuDP carboxylase and soluble protein content.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (736K) -
山田 宏一, 吉田 稔1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 171-177
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe following experiments were conducted to evaluate the relation between main shoot and tillers in corn plants. Sweet corn plants (var. Golden Cross Bantam) were grown under the wide-space planting condition (1 plant/hill, 100 cm×100 cm) in the field. Either leaf blades on the main shoot or on the tiller were allowed to assimilate 14CO2 for 15 min. at the three growing stages. Plants were harvested 3 days after feeding and radioactivities in various plant parts were determined to reveal translocation rates and distribution patterns of 14C-assimilates. In order to assess the flexibility of source (leaf)-sink (ear shoot) relation, tillers or ears on the main shoot were removed at the stage of grain-filling. These plants were fed 14CO2 7 days after the removal, and were weighed 21 days after that treatment, separating into stalk and ear shoot. The results are summerized as follows: (1) At the stage before stalk elongation, translocation rate was low with 47% in the leaf blades on main shoot and 37% in the leaf blades on tiller. Some assimilates were translocated from the main shoot to tiller or conversely. The translocatcd 14C from the main shoot was found much in younger tiller and those from tiller in main root. (2) When plants were fed 14CO2 at the stage of silking or just before, only 4% of 14C exported from the fed leaf blades was translocated into the other unfed shoots. Source activity was not yet fully shown in this stage, since translocation rate was 74% in the leaf blades on the main shoot and 58% in the leaf blades on 2nd tiller. (3) At the stage of grain filling little translocation occurred from the main shoot to tillers and from 2nd tiller bearing ears to the main shoot or the other tillers. When the tiller (5th tiller) had completed the vegetative growth and yet had no ear, however, it translocated 70% of exported 14C from its leaf blades into the main shoot, constituting the main source for development of 2nd car on the main shoot. Translocation rate of the main shoot, 2nd tiller and 5th tiller reached 85, 85 and 83%, respectively. (4) In the plants with excessive sink or source as results of tiller of ear removal, source-sink relations for 14C-assimilates were fundamentally the same as in the intact plants described above, until 7 days after the removal. Translocation rates in these plants changed little also. (5) However, while in such plants as remained only 2nd tiller bearing ears, the weight of ears on 2nd tiller was decreased after the 21 days, the weight of 1st and 2nd ears on main shoot was not changed. It shows that even the tiller bearing ears might contribute to filling of ears on the main shoot.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (766K) -
武田 元吉, 岩城 英夫, 高柳 繁1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 178-192
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーA model for simulation of dry matter growth of six-rowed barley was built and formulated with a simulation language DYNAMO, for the purpose of studying the ecophysiological relationships between photosynthetic function and crop growth including production of grains. General structure of the basic model are outlined as follows (see also Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). 1. Photosynthesis and respiration of various organs: It is assumed that all the cars distribute in the top layer of the canopy, and that the other organs with photosynthetic ability (leaf blades, leaf sheaths and a part of culms) distribute uniformly in the layer beneath the ears. The daily gross photosynthesis of the canopy was calculated by the equations (2) and (3), which were obtained by modifying the equation of KUROIWA (1961). The parameters relating to the photosynthetic and respiratory functions were determincd based on the observed data (Fig. 3-Fig. 12). 2. Distribution and redistribution of photosynthate to various organs: In the basic model, dates for germination and heading were fixed to November 5 and April 24, respectively. Time trends in the distribution ratios in Fig. 13 were used in every simulation run to calculate allocations of photosynthate to various organs. Redistribution, or import of stored organic matter from other organs; was assumed to occur only in ears (Fig. 14). 3. Death of various organs: Life spans of the plant organs except for ears and roots were assumed to be longer in winter than in spring (Fig. 15). Death rate of each organ was obtained with the exponential delay function of the DYNAMO language. Model simulation of the plant growth was made for the period of 175 days from the 30th day to the 205th day after the germination (Nov. 5), and gave the following results. 1. Results of the basic simulation run showed the normal growth pattern in total dry weight and ear dry weight of six-rowed barley, suggesting that the greater parts of the parameters used in the basic model may be appropriate. 2. Sensitivity analysis of the model was made by changing parameters relating to the photosynthetic functions and initial values. The results of analysis are summarized as follows: 1) There existed the optimal LAI value for the grain production. 2) Contribution of photosynthesis by ears, leaf sheaths and culms to grain production of barley was rather great. Improvement of photosynthetic ability of these organs resulted in increase of grain production. 3) This model showed sensitive reaction when the parameters relating to the light-photosynthesis relationship were changed. 4) When the inhibitory effect by low temperature on photosynthesis was reduced, the LAI tended to be over-optimal in spring. 5) When the life span of photosynthetic organs was prolonged at the later growth stages, the grain production was increased conspicuously. 6) The effect of changing SLA on the grain production was slight. 7) It was suggested that there exist suitable soiling period for barley to give considerable amount of green fodder without reducing the grain production.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1419K) -
川田 信一郎, 丸山 幸夫, 副島 増夫1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 193-198
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe present study is an attempt to clarify the relation between the root system formation of rice plants and levels of nitrogen supply in paddy fields. The test material, the rice cultivar 'Mubo-Aikoku', was grown under different levels of nitrogen supply: N-nonsupply, N-8 kg level, N-16 kg level, and N-24 kg level; all levels are expressed in kilograms per ten ares. The results of observation on the root system in the longitudinal plane of the paddy were as follows: The soil depths of crown root distribution at N-nonsupply and N-8 kg level were 60 cm and 50 cm, and the depths at N-16 kg level and N-24 kg level were 40 cm and 35 cm. The fresh and dry weight of the roots grown at N-nonsupply was lighter than the others, and the weight of the roots grown at N-16 kg level was heavier than the others. The above facts seem to suggest that the shape of the root system is larger in depth and width in paddy fields with a low level of nitrogen supply and is smaller in one with a high level of nitrogen supply.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (874K) -
川田 信一郎, 鄭 元一1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 199-204
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIt had been ascertained by the authors that nitrogen fertilizer accelerates root hair formation and growth in the lateral roots of rice plants. But the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on root hairs of crown roots have not been ascertained. The present investigation was carried out to study the morphogenetical effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the development of root hairs in crown roots, and the effect on the physiological longevity of the root hairs by means of ribonucleic acid (RNA) detection. The following results were obtained: Generally, the root hairs which developed on the thicker crown roots were more numerous per unit crown root length and longer in length than those of the thinner crown roots (Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4). As regards the morpho-genetical effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the development of root hairs, it was found that root hair formation and growth in crown roots were accelerated when a high level of nitrogen fertilizer was given to the rice plants (Tables 3 and 5). It was also found that the percentage of root hairs containing RNA increased in proportion to the nitrogcn fertilizer amount given to the rice plants (Fig. 6). From these results it may be assumed that nitrogen fertilizer affects root hair formation and growth, and it also affects maturation of root hairs in crown roots.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (784K) -
楠谷 彰人, 中世古 公男, 後藤 寛治1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 205-211
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn order to know the differences of canopy structure and its relationships with dry matter production, productive structure, growth parameters (CGR, LAI, NAR), extinction coefficient (K) and efficiency of solar energy utilization (Eu) were investigated in the primary swards of fourteen varieties of seven grasses (shown in Table 1). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. There were little differences in the productive structure of non-photosynthetic system, but the productive structure of photosynthetic system differed considerably among grasses. The grasses could be grouped into 4 different types according to their mode of the vertical distribution of leaf dry weight and leaf area within the canopy. Tall fescue had the greater leaf distribution towards the base of canopy (triangular type); Reed canarygrass and smooth bromegrass had the leaf distribution which was most abundant in the middle layers and became smaller towards the base and the top of canopy (oval type): Orchardgrass and meadow fescue had the relatively uniform leaf distribution over all layers (rectangular type). In timothy and perennial ryegrass the varietal difference was found, namely, one was the table type which had a greater leaf distribution towards the top of canopy, and the other was the oval type. 2. CGR indicated highly significant correlation with NAR, but not correlated with LAI. CGR also correlated significantly with K and Eu. 3. The rectangular type canopy, which was found in orchardgrass and meadow fescue could utilize light energy in a better way than other types. 4. Among grasses, there were definite differences in the LAI absorbing 95% of the incoming light within canopy. This LAI, corresponding to the critical LAI, was also in agreement with the LAI above the layer indicating the highest leaf area density within canopy. 5. The critical LAI correlated with CGR (r=0.746), Eu (r=0.842) and K (r=-0.747). On the other hand, NAR indicated negative significant correlaiton with the ratio of non-productive system to productive system, when the leaf dry weight below 50% light condition was added to non-productive part. Thus, it was concluded that the critical LAI, not mean LAI, played the most significant role in dry matter production under over-luxuriant canopy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (789K) -
讃井 蕃, 太田 保夫1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 212-218
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThis paper reports the results of the studies on the effects of nicotinamide on the activities of nitrate reduction and photosynthesis. 1. Nitrate reductase activity was stimulated by nicotinamide in cucumbcr cotyledons which were grown in the growth cabinet with nitrate. 2. Nitrate reductase activity was induced by nicotinamide in the detached cucumber cotyledons which were grown in the dark and in the absence of nitrate. 3. Synergistic induction of nitrate reductase activity occurred by nicotinamide plus KNO3 and nicotinamide plus benzylaminopurine in cucumber cotyledons. 4. The growth and chlorophyll formation in cucumber cotyledons were markedly stimulated by nicotinamide plus KNO3. 5. The effect of nicotinamide on nitrate reductase activity was prevented by cycloheximide and markedly stimulated by chloramphenicol. 6. Chlorophyll formation was stimulated by nicotinamide in etiolated rice seedlings. 7. Nicotinamide stimulated RuDP carboxylase activity and increased soluble protein in rice seedlings. 8. Apparent photosynthesis was stimulated by nicotinamide in rice seedlings.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (744K) -
箱山 晋, 田中 日吉, 縣 和一, 武田 友四郎1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 219-227
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーTo make clear the weed vegetation of paddy fields left off cultivation on account of government paddy acreage-control policy, the investigation were carried out in autumn of 1975. The 25 surveyed plots were located at the north-western parts of Fukuoka prefecture. Coverage and height of plants in their paddy fields were measured and Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR2), which was proposed by NUMATA, was calculated from those two factors. All the species appeared were classified into the following four plant groups from their habitat type: that is, A; perennials in lowlands, B; annuals in lowlands, C; perennials in uplands and D; annuals in uplands. And then, the relations between the SDR2 of these plant groups and the difference of soil moisture, and years of fallow were compared with each vegetation. Results are as follow. 1. At the beginning one or two years after left off cultivation, species number and SDR2 of annuals were dominative. With increase of years of fallow, species no. and SDR2 of perennials became dominative. 2. In the former case, the dominant species were annuals such as Aster subulatus, Aeschynomene indica, Panicum bisulcatum, Echinochloa spp., Leptochloa chinensis, Digitaria adscendens and so on. In the latter case, they were perennials such as Aliscanthus sinensis and Solidago altissima under upland condition, or Isachne globosa, Phragmites communis, Leersia japonica and Paspalum distichum under lowland condition. 3. The vegetation consisting of four groups were largely affected by the difference of soil moisture and years of fallow. The vegetation of paddy fields left off cultivation for many years were mostly composed by the specics of C group under upland condition and by the species of A group under lowland one. On the other hand, that of paddy fields left off cultivation for few years were composed by the species of D group under upland condition and by the species of B group under lowland one, although the relationships were not so clear as in the former. 4. The increase of number of species and SDR2 of perennials were controlled by means of managing methods such as plowing, cutting of weeds and herbicide application. The repressive effects of management against weeds varied depending on the kind of managements and the characteristics of weed species.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (949K) -
川田 信一郎, 石原 愛也1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 228-238
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe root apex-lateral distance, i.e. the distance from the root apex including root cap to the first lateral root, has been shown to be the indicator of the activity of nutrient absorption in rice roots). In this study, the interrelations among root apex-lateral distance, root elongation rate, and size of the root apex of rice plants were investigated. The roots used for observation were seminal and crown roots of rice plant var. Norin No. 29 grown in agar medium with or without mineral nutrients and roots in culture of isolated seminal root provided with scutellum. First, a significant positive correlation was established between root apex-lateral distance and elongation rate of roots, meaning that the higher the elongation rate, the longer the apex-lateral distance. The linear regression of Y= 10+1.6X was obtained, whereby Y is root apex-lateral distance in mm and X is root clongation rate in mm per day. Secondly, the correlation between root apex-lateral distance and diameter or length of the root apex was shown to be highly significant in roots growing normally. This means that the larger the root apex, the thicker the root and the longer the root apex-lateral distance. However, in the culture of excised seminal roots fed with fructose, the abnormal "lion-tailed" roots were obtained, wherein the root apex-lateral distance was relatively short in proportion to the diameter of root apex. This abnormal formation may be the sequence of the suppression of cell multiplication in root apices followed by the maturation of subsisting meristem. Finally, the correlation between size of the root apex and elongation rate was analyzed histologically using the method of Burstrom. It was shown that the larger the root apex, the longer the zone of cell elongation as well as the zone of cell multiplication, and that the size of root apex was related to the activities of cell elongation (assessed by the number of epidermal cells produced per day). Based on these results, the significance of the root apex-lateral distance as the indicator of root elongation rate and of the activity of nutrient absorption was discussed in relation to the morphogenesis of roots.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1106K) -
佐藤 庚1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 239-242
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーUsing several cultivars, the response in heading date to air-temperature was studied. Rice plants transferred to air-temperatures of 30°, 25° and 20° at young-ear-formation stage headed in 15 and 20 days and may have headed in 40-45 days, respectively. Plants transferred for 7 days to 24°/19° and 18°/13° (day/night temperature) at three stages during early ear development headed several days later than the outdoor control. Plants transferred to 35°, 30°, 25°, 20° and 15°C day temperatures (night temperature was 5° lower than the respective day temperature) when the auricle of the boot leaf reached the same level as that of the leaf below headed in 7, 8, 11, 16 and 26 days, respectively. Differential soil temperatures appeared to affect heading to a slight extent.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (506K) -
ブァリオ I.F.M, ロチャ R.F1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 243-248
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーステビオサイド生産に対する基礎的知見を得るために, パラグアイ産の系統を用いて日長と数種の生長調節物質が栄養生長と生殖生長に及ぼす影響を調査した。ステビアは14時間より短い日長では開花するがそれ以上の日長では開花しない事から(第1・2図), 短日植物の一種であることが判った。なお詳細な分析結果からみて, 最少必要短日処理は2回である事(第3図)および4対葉の時期から日長に感応し始める事(第1表)が明らかとなった。生長調節物質の影響についてみると, CCCとステブイオールは栄養生長及び開花を抑制するがジベレリンはいづれも促進する事(第4・5・6図), 及びフシコシンはCCCの抑制作用を部分的に阻止する働きがある事(第2表)が確認された。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (589K) -
前田 英三1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 249-253
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーホップ(Humulus lupulus L.)のルプリン腺の形態に関しては, 江原氏の優れた図譜により, その発生・生長などについて知ることができる。本研究では, 臨界点乾燥法と走査電子顕微鏡をもちいて, 花被についたルプリン腺を観察し, その表面微細構造につき新しい知見を加えることができた。花被の基部には毛茸が見られた。ルプリン腺表面に多くの溝があり, そのなかには多くの球形顆粒が見られた。この顆粒は, 大きなものでは直径が2μm以上に達した。江原氏の示したようなルプリン腺の形態変化が, 走査電子顕微鏡においても観察された。すなわち, 中央部の突起が著しくなり, 先端が伸長した状態となるものが見られた。この場合には, 球形顆粒の観察されないものがあることから, ルプリン腺の成熟と球形顆粒の消失との間に, 一定の関係が存在することが期侍できる。これらの課題については, 今後の研究によって明らかにしたい。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1376K) -
川田 信一郎, 副島 増夫, 田吹 亮一1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 254-260
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーRice plants, variety 'Mubo-Aikoku', were grown in experimental paddy fields at the University of Tokyo under different application conditions of nitrogen fertilizer: as basal dressing only; as both basal and top dressing applied once, twice, or four times between the tillering stage and the heading period. The total amount of nitrogen supplied was 8 kg per 10 ares in each case. The number of primary roots and the density of formation of thick secondary roots on the superficial roots increased as the number of applications of top dressing increased. Observation of additional lateral roots on superficial roots revealed the development of tertiary roots in the fields receiving basal dressing, of fourth roots in the field reseiving one application of top dressing, and of fifth roots in the fields receiving two or four applications of top dressing.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (816K) -
川田 信一郎, 片野 学, 山崎 耕宇1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 261-268
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーRoot system formation in rice plants was studied by means of an improved monolith method in relation to ill-drained and well-drained conditions in four paddy fields belonging to farmers in Miyagi and Yamagata, prefectures in Japan. It was found that root system formation is affected by the drainage levels of paddy fields. Rice plants grown in an ill-drained paddy field with no mottling in the plow layer, with no structure in the subsoil, and with low grain yields had root systems that consisted of a small number of roots growing in both the plow layer and the subsoil. Rice plants grown in a paddy field soon after drainage with mottling in the plow layer, with no structure in the subsoil, and with high grain yields had root systems that consisted of a large number of roots, most of which grew in the plow layer and a few of which grew in the subsoil. Rice plants grown in a well-drained paddy field with mottling in the plow layer, with blocky structure in the subsoil, and with higher grain yields had root systems that consisted of a large number of roots growing into both the plow layer and the subsoil.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1008K) -
片山 忠夫1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 269-274
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー短日処理回数とその累積効果及びその種間と種内変異を調査する目的で, 低緯度地方に分布する材料を主として稲属5種24系統を用いて実験を行った。45日令に達した時, 自然日長区及び短日処理7区合計8区を設け, 短日条件として12時間30分明期を用いた。その期間中に種々の程度に自然日長条件を挿入して短日条件の効果とその累積効果を調査した。全系統は累積効果の程度に応じて8群に分類された。一般に高緯度地方に分布する系統では短日条件の効果は累積し易く, 低緯度地方に分布する系統ではその累積効果が少ない傾向が見い出された。この様な方法で示された結果は, 種や系統によって著しく異なる事実から,短日処理の累積効果, 換言すればこれらの因子は感光性を表示する方法として有効である事が分かった。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (630K) -
西村 繁夫, 前田 英三1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 275-285
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe experiments were performed to clarify the tissues from which callus is induced in rice seed. Dehusked seeds (var. Aichiasahi) were inoculated aseptically on Maeda's medium containing 3% sugar, 0.3% casein hydrolysate and 10-5 M 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), and cultured for 30 days at 30°C under light condition. Morphological and histological changes of the tissues during culture period were as follows. The growths of the plumula and radicle were suppressed, although the scutellum and mesocotyl tissues proliferated abnormally. Tissue enlargement occurred in the scutellum, in which the parenchyma cells expanded and the epithelium cells divided 3 or 4 times for the first 7 days. After 20 days of culture epithelium bigan rapid cell proliferation to produce callus tissue. The other hand, in the epithelium on the medium without 2, 4-D a cell division occurred once. In the mesocotyl, cell divisions bigan at the outermost layer of the central cylinder leading to that of the radicle for 2 days of culture and the cell divisions expanded to the radicle and the vascular tissue of the scutellum. After that they proliferated consistently during culture period and produced callus tissue. The fresh weight of an embryo became 225 fold at the end of culture. On the contrary, a vascular system fully developed in the mesocotyl of the control seedling lacking 2, 4-D which grew normally. The endosperm digestion of callus forming seeds delayed considerably since the some dehydrogenase activities in thc epithelium cells would fail. The morphological changes accompanying with callus formation occurred even when the seeds removed from callus inducing medium containing 2, 4-D to the medium lacking 2, 4-D after 2 or 3 days of culture, suggesting that irreversible change of the tissues had already occurred for this period. Mesocotyl, scutellum and radicle dissected from embryos of dry seeds were cultured under above condition, but they did not produce callus tissue. Dissected plumula and the tissue having both plumula and mesocotyl produced callus tissue. This suggests that plumula would play physiologicaly important roles and that callus formation in mesocotyl and scutellum tissues in a seed would occure under the physiological interactions between plumula and these tissues. Furthermore, when 2, 4-D was decreased to 3×10-5 M the outermost layer of the central cylinder in mesocotyl formed stunted primordium of lateral roots, showing that callus tissue of mesocotyl is formed by abnormal proliferation of the cells which should form lateral roots.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2349K) -
池田 武1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 286-290
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーAxillary buds of the potato seedlings and of the potato plants grown from seed tubers are different in growth patterns. The objective of this experiment is to make the aerial axillary buds of the potato plant raised from tubers grow stoloniferously by applying growth regulators to the decapitated stem apex. 1. The concentrations of IAA in lanolin paste which were applied at the decapitated stems were progressively increased from 0.5% to 10.0% one treatment changed the IAA concentration every 3 days and the other every 4 days. In addition, intact plants with no treatment, decapitated plants with only plain lanolin and decapitated plants with 1.0% IAA-lanolin (renewed every 3 days) were prepared. (1) Axillary buds in the intact and the decapitated and applied with lanolin plants grew up into the upward, leafy shoots. (2) Axillary buds in the plants with 1.0% IAA-lanolin also resulted in the upward, leafy shoots, although they showed a stoloniferous feature 8 days after the treatment. (3) Axillary buds in the plants applied with the increasing amounts of IAA every 3 days were induced to the stoloniferous shoots, although the internodes were short and the chlorophyll was formed. 2. IAA and GA3 were applied together to elongate the internode length and inhibit the chlorophyll formation of the axillary buds. The ways of treatment were; 1.0% IAA+0.5% GA3 (I), 1.0% IAA→1.0% IAA+0.5% GA3 (II), and 1.0% IAA→1.0% IAA+0.5% GA3→1.0% IAA (III), respectively. (1) Treatment (I) made the leafy, upward shoots, but promoted the elongation of the internodes. (2) Treatment (II) made the upward, leafy shoots gradually, however the orientation of the petiole showed a downward movement. (3) Treatment (III) made the stoloniferous, downward shoots, and the internodes of axillary shoots elongated sufficiently and the cholorophyll development was inhibited. It was suggested that the growth pattern of the axillary buds of the aerial part of potato plant (leafy or stoloniferous) might be hormonally controlled, since the axillary shoots could be partially stoloniferous if suitable amounts of IAA should be applied combined suitable amount of GA3.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (618K) -
今井 勝, 村田 吉男1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 291-297
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーSeedlings of crop species possessing either C3 or C4 pathway of photosynthesis were cultured for 8 to 20 days under 4 different CO2 concentrations from 1/2 to 10 times the normal atmosphere (ca. 350 ppm) in transparent growth chambers placed outdoors to reveal out the differences in the rate of dry matter production (RGR) in response to CO2 concentration among 12 crop species, 27 varieties, or culture seasons (Tables 1 and 2). The following results were obtained: I. In the optimal growth season for each species, the promotion of RGR at higher CO2 concentrations was greater than in a suboptimal season. When C3 and C4 species were cultured in the same favorable season, the response of C3 species to CO2 concentration was greater than C4 species. But in a suboptimal, lower temperature season, the effect of CO2 decreased and the difference in the response to CO2 concentration between C3 and C4 specics became so small that the distinction between the two groups was difficult (Fig. 1). 2. Varietal differences in the response to CO2 concentration of 7 crops were investigated. Although the level of RGR differed greatly among varieties, the pattern of response to CO2 concentration was roughly equal in all varieties examined (Fig. 2). 3. High positive correlations were obtained between the RGR under the normal CO2 (350 ppm) and that under other concentrations, indicating that the plant possessing a higher RGR under normal CO2 also had a higher RGR under other concentrations, but that the degree of promotion under higher CO2 concentrations (3 to 10 times) roughly remained constant irrespective of the levels of RGR in normal CO2. From these observations it may be concluded that the pattern of crop varieties in their response of RGR to CO2 concentration is quite similar irrespective of culture seasons (Fig. 3).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (744K) -
井上 和雄, 山本 良三1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 298-305
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーテンサイ種球中には実生の根の生長を阻害するシュウ酸一ナトリウム, 発芽を阻害する硝酸カリウムおよび数種のフェノール性物質などの生長阻害物質が存在している。本論文ではテンサイ種球の登熟中においてこれらの生長阻害物質がどのように推移するかについて報告する。1) 開花後20日目の種球はまだ十分な発芽能力を持っていないが, 30日目以降ではかなり発芽能力を持っていることを示した。2) 収穫時期を異にした種球からのそれぞれの水抽出液がテンサイ洗浄種球の発芽におよぼす影響は初期のものほど発芽阻害作用は強く, 開花後50日目のものではほとんど発芽阻害作用はみられなかった。テンサイの実生の根の生長におよぼす影響についても同様で後期になるにつれて弱くなっていった。従って種球の登熟が進むにつれて生長阻害物質が減少していくことが認められた。3) これまで見いだされた阻害物質中いずれが変動するかを明らかにするためにぺーパークロマトグラフィーが用いられた。発芽阻害物質としての硝酸カリウムが存在するRf 0.55-0.60の部位が全期間とも最も強い発芽阻害作用を示した。しかし登熟するにつれてその部位の発芽阻害作用は弱くなっていった。従って後期の水抽出液ほど発芽阻害作用が弱くなることは硝酸カリウムの減少によっていることが認められた。また実生の根の生長阻害物質としてのシュウ酸一ナトリムの存在するRf 0.50-0.55の部位の生長阻害作用も後期になるにつれて弱くなり, 開花後50日目のものについてはかなり弱くなった。フェノール性物質等が存在している高いRf値の部位の生長阻害作用は登熟とともに弱くなっているが, シュウ酸一ナトリウムほど著しくはなかった。従って後期の水抽出液ほど実生の根の生長阻害作用が弱くなることはシュウ酸一ナトリウムの減少によっていることが認められた。4) テンサイの登熟期の降雨によって種球中の生長阻害物質が溶脱し, 減少することが考えられたため, 降雨処理実験が行われた。降雨によって種子の発育は若干不良になることが示されたが, 人工降雨区および無降雨区から行られた種球の水抽出液がテンサイ洗浄種球およびテンサイの実生の根の生長におよぼす影響については両区の間で大きな差は認められず, 阻害作用は弱かった。5) 前項の両区から得られた種球の水抽出液を分画するためにぺーパークロマトグラフィーが用いられた。ペーパークロマトグラムの各部位からの水溶出液が発芽および実生の根の生長におよぼす影響をみた場合, 両区の間で差は認められなかった。すなわちテンサイ種球が登熟するにつれてシュウ酸一ナトリウムおよび硝酸カリウムが減少することは降雨によってこれらの生長阻害物質が種球から溶脱するのではないことを示した。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (777K) -
井上 和雄, 山本 良三1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 306-312
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー前報でテンサイ種球中に存在するシュウ酸一ナトリウムおよび硝酸カリウムは種球の登熟が進むにつれて減少することを報告した。テンサイは最も肥料を多く必要とし, 施肥の効果も顕著な作物であるので登熟期の窒素追肥が種球中の生長阻害物質にどの様な影響をおよぼすかをみるために本実験を行った。1) 1000粒重は窒素追肥区が無追肥区に比較して重いことが示された。2) 無洗浄種球の発芽率は無追肥区が最も良い値を示し, 各窒素追肥区間での差は認められなかった。洗浄種球の発芽率は各区とも良好な値を示したが, 無追肥区では若干低い値を示した。これは無追肥区の種子は窒素追肥区に比較して十分発育していなかったことを示した。3) 各処理区からの種球の水抽出液がテンサイ洗浄種球の発芽およびテンサイの実生の根の生長におよぼす影響は窒素追肥により水抽出液の発芽阻害作用および実生の根の生長阻害作用が強くなることを示した。しかし硝酸カリウムおよび硫安追肥区間では差は認められなかった。4) 各処理区からの種球の水抽出液を分画するためにぺーパークロマトグラフィーが用いられた。ぺーパークロマトグラムの各部位からの水溶出液がテンサイ洗浄種球の発芽におよぼす影響をみた場合, すべての区において硝酸カリウムが存在しているRf 0.55-0.65の部位が他の部位に比較して強い発芽阻害作用をもつことを示した。窒素追肥区においてはいずれも無追肥区より発芽阻害作用は強く, 窒素追肥が多量ほど発芽阻害作用が強いことを示した。このことから登熟期の窒素追肥は種球中の硝酸カリウムを増加させ, 窒素施用量が多量ほどその蓄積は多くなることを示した。5) 同じくぺーパークロマトグラムからの水溶出液がテンサイの実生の根の生長におよぼす影響をみた場合, 無追肥区において生長阻害作用はRf 0.50-0.95の部位でみられるが, シュウ酸一ナトリウムの存在するRf 0.50-0.60の部位の生長阻害作用はフェノール性物質等が存在しているRf値の高い部位より弱いことを示した。しかし窒索追肥区ではシュウ酸一ナトリウムの存在する部分が最も強い生長阻害作用をもつことを示した。従って登熟期の窒素追肥は種球中のシュウ酸一ナトリウムを増加させることを示した。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (686K) -
稲田 勝美, 桂 直樹1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 313-314
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (358K) -
太田 敏郎1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 315-318
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (323K) -
西山 岩男1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 317-318
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (332K) -
井上 貢, 前田 英三1977 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 319-320
発行日: 1977/06/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1202K)
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