巻号一覧
49 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1～11を表示しています
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コリィ A.1980 年 49 巻 4 号 p. 543-547
発行日: 1980/12/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーインド型水稲360品種について,幼苗期の低温抵抗性を検討し,葉の黄化程度が低温抵抗性の指標として利用できることを明らかにするとともに,耐低温性水稲の育種に有効と考えられる数品種を見出した.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (488K) -
松田 幹男, 堀江 正樹, 本田 勝男, 志村 英二1980 年 49 巻 4 号 p. 548-558
発行日: 1980/12/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーTo establish the suitable cropping systems in the northern part of the Tohoku district, the experiments have been conducted at Fujisaka Branch, Aomori Agricultural Experiment Station since 1936. In the present study the yields of crops during the period 1936 to 1977 were analyzed and cropping systems were evaluated by the yields of crops and their trends. The experiments were consisted of the continuous cropping of six crops, four types of 2-year rotation (2R), four types of 3-year rotation (3R), and one type of 6-year rotation (6R). To survey the trend of crop yields over the period the original data were transferred to ratios to the mean yield of all rotation plots of the crop in each year. The yield ratios were also averaged over the period of each rotation cycle and in the case of the continuous cropping system 3-year averages were adopted to reduce the effects of seasonal conditions. Yield trends were evaluated by fitting the regression model of an intersecting line. The relationship between the yield trends of each crop and several types of combination of crops was discussed and the following results were obtained. 1. Injuries by continuous cropping were observed in all crops studied and the order of the injuries was barnyard millet > rape > soybeans > wheat > potatoes, corn. A stable yield at a certain lower level of yield was obtained in most of the crops after several cycles of continuous cropping, which was considered the general pattern of the injury by continuous cropping resulting from the balance of input and output of nutrients. 2. As for the rotation period, the longer the period, the higher the yield on the average, i.e. 6R > 3R > 2R. 3. The stable and relatively high performance of all rotation crops was obtained in 6R, 2R-3, 3R-3 and 3R-4. In these systems the soil fertility was also expected to be preserved. 4. Among 2-year rotations, the 2R-3 was considered the most favourable combination. While potatoes, rape and buckwheat in 2R-4 were all expected to promote the soil fertility for succeeding crops, wheat in 2R-3 was considered to keep the nitrogen balance sheet minus for the succeeding crop (buckwheat) and thus to results in the higher yield of the crop by preventing its spindly growth. 5. Favourable systems among 3-year rotations were ones in which higher amount of organic fertilizer was applied per annum through green manure such as soybeans and red clover and also crops of high ability of nutrient uptake were not included or few if any. 6. Unfavourable rotation systems were ones in which total amount of fertilizer application during the period was less and also crops of high ability of nutrient uptake were included.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1139K) -
平 宏和, 平 春枝, 藤井 啓史1980 年 49 巻 4 号 p. 559-568
発行日: 1980/12/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe influence of cropping season on ether-soluble lipid content and fatty acid composition of ether-soluble lipid of rice bran and milled rice as well as that on combined lipid (lipid by acid-hydrolysis after ether extraction) content of milled rice was investigated on six lowland non-glutinous varieties by early, normal, and late season cultures at Chugoku National Agricultural Experiment Station in 1977. The earlier the cropping season, the higher the ether-soluble lipid content of bran and milled rice became. The significant differences of the content among three cropping season cultures on bran and between late and early or normal season cultures on milled rice were revealed. On the other hand, no influene of cropping season was recognized on combined lipid content of milled rice. As to the fatty acid composition, the earlier the cropping season, the more the palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid contents of bran and milled rice, the arachidic acid content of bran, and the myristic acid content of milled rice. On the other hand, the later the cropping season, the more the linoleic acid and linolenic acid contents of bran and milled rice and the palmitic acid content of milled rice became. The significant differences were observed among three cropping season cultures on palmitic acid content of bran and oleic acid content of milled rice and between late and early or normal season cultures on the other fatty acid contents of bran and milled rice. The daily mean temperature during ripening showed significantly positive correlations with ether-soluble lipid content of milled rice and with myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, and oleic acid contents of bran and milled rice and stearic acid and arachidic acid contents of bran and negative correlations with linoleic acid and linolenic acid contents of bran and milled rice. With respect to the main fatty acids of bran and milled rice, negative correlation was shown between oleic acid and linoleic acid contents. From the regression analysis between oleic acid and linoleic acid contents and between daily mean temperature during ripening and both tlle fatty acid contents, it was shown that equal values of both the fatty acid contents were 38.9% on bran and 37.8% on milled rice and that both the fatty acid contents came to equal values at about 2O°C to 21°C on bran and about 23°C to 24°C on milled rice.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (964K) -
ザイダン L. B. P., デイトリッチ S. M. C., フェリッペ G. M.1980 年 49 巻 4 号 p. 569-574
発行日: 1980/12/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーパラグアイから最近導入されたアマハステビアにおける日長の影響について研究した. それらは日長時間に対する反応によって,A) 8,10および12時間の日長で開花,B) 10および12時間の日長だけで開花,C) 8,10,12および14時間の日長で開花,の3グループに分けることができた. 開花中の植物の葉と花序の抽出物からステビオサイドが結晶化できることが示され,茎の抽出物中にも検出されたが,根には認められなかった.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (638K) -
中山 正義, 太田 保夫1980 年 49 巻 4 号 p. 575-581
発行日: 1980/12/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of ethylene in the soil atmosphere on soybean and rice seedling growth was investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Ethylene production from dry soil was seven times much more than that from re-dried soil which was dried again just after submerging for two days, when ethylene determination was made from these soils saturated with water at 30°C. When soybean seedlings were grown in these two kinds of soil, the inhibition of root elongation and increase of root dry weight were observed in the dry soil, suggesting the relationship between higher ethylene concentration in root tissue and the growth phenomena mentioned. 2. Tremendous ethylene production was detected from the soil mixed with compost. When soybean seedlings were grown in this soil, the inhibition of root and shoot growth were observed as well as the increase of root dry weight and stem-diameter. 3. Elongation of seminal root and coleoptile in rice seedling was stimulated by ethylene which was evoluted from submerged soil. The ethylene evolution from the submerged soil was observed constantly for twelve to sixteen weeks after submergence. These results suggest that ethylene produced from soil plays an important role for regulating the growth of seedlings.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (882K) -
川田 信一郎, 副島 増夫1980 年 49 巻 4 号 p. 582-586
発行日: 1980/12/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーExcised seminal roots of rice plants with scutella were cultured aseptically by means of "bi-media" method. The concentration of the glucose supplied from the basal part of the root was 7% at first, then, at various stages of the root elongation, was changed to 0, 1, 3 or 7% (unchanged). Root elongation and branching were depressed as the glucose concentrations decreased. However, at 1 and 3%, the cultured roots branched almost to the root tips, giving rise to the "lion-tail-like" roots which are often found in paddy field. Some possible explanations were discussed on the occurrence of the "lion-tail-like"roots in relation to the depressed nutrio-physiological condition of rice plants.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (541K) -
川田 信一郎, 原田 二郎1980 年 49 巻 4 号 p. 587-592
発行日: 1980/12/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe growth of tillers was depressed by defoliating their leaves successively and the influence on the main stem was investigated with respect to the number of crown roots formed and to the size of stem parts as well. The number of 'dormant' root primordia increased in the main stems of treated plants as compared with that of untreated ones. In any shoot unit, the total number of crown roots, including the 'dormant' root primordia, also increased by the treatment. This increase depends on the number of the lower roots rather than that of the upper roots in the same shoot unit. In main stems, the surface area, the diameter and the length of root forming zones (stem parts, which form the upper or lower roots respectively, delimitted by the peripheral cylinder of vascular bundles) were examined. In each shoot unit (consisting of the upper and the lower root forming zones), or restrictedly in each lower root forming zone, these three parameters were found to be increased by the treatment. As to the upper root forming zone, however, no clear effect of the treatment was found. From the 5th to 10th shoot unit, there was close correlation between the number of crown roots and the surface area of root forming zone, with respect to the shoot unit, separately, to the upper or the lower root forming zone. On the other hand, no such correlation was recognized in the 11th, l2th and 13th shoot units.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (710K) -
堀内 孝次, 安江 多輔1980 年 49 巻 4 号 p. 593-601
発行日: 1980/12/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe field works and some experiments in the green house were made to know the growth characters of native millets collected in the mountainous areas such as Chubu, Ryohakusan and Nara Yoshino districts in 1974-1979. In this thesis, the discussion was done from the view point of technical differences between direct sowing and transplanting, and rooting ability was mainly mentioned. The obtained results were as follows: 1. According to the results of field research in relation to the cultivation ratio of direct sowing to transplanting on the millets, the italian millet (Setaria italica Beauv.) and the common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) are cultivated by direct sowing, generally. On the contrary, the finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.) and the grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench.) are mostly transplanted but the japanese barnyard millet (Echinochloa utilis Ohwi et Yabuno) is cultivated about fifty-fifty in the both methods. The following experiments are based on these selective corresponded relationships between cultivation methods and supplied crops in the surveyed areas. 2. Some characters of the used crops were cleared by the field experiment in 1977. That is, the italian millet was subject to damage by transplanting, and the number of tillers produced per plant was also extremely few comparing with others. Therefore, it was seemed that these characters could cause lower yield in the case of transplanting cultivation for this crop. On the other hand, the finger millet was able to perform its growth smoothly after transplanting, besides it could produce a lot of tillers per plant. In addition, it was possible for this millet to have large ears as the general feature of transplanted plants without making less yield significantly than that of direct sowing. The japanese barnyard millet showed intermediate characters of plant growth and grain production between them. 3. The cutting treatment for the plant roots wras made and then the plants were planted under the different soil moisture contents (40%, 60%, 80% soil moisture against the maximum water holding capacity) to grasp the rooting ability of these millets. As a result, it was proved that the rate of the taking root was high in the finger millet and the sorghum, but low in the italian millet and the common millet. Especially, rooting ability of the sorghum was relatively high under the low soil moisture contents and its growth after cutting treatment was also in the better conditions than the others. As to the japanese barnyard millet, it had quite a high rooting ability. From the above results, it is obvious that one of the main reasons why certain millets are able to be transplanted selectively without directly sowing is due to their high rooting ability, and pointed out that the tillering ability is also an important factor to determine the planting method from the standpoint of grains yield.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (942K) -
刈屋 国男, 角田 重三郎1980 年 49 巻 4 号 p. 602-607
発行日: 1980/12/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーComparative studies on size, shape and disposition of the chloroplasts located in the mesophyll cells were carried out with electron microscope in five cultivated species of Gramineae, viz. rice, barnyard millet, wheat, barley and corn, and in three cultivated Brassica species of Cruciferae, viz. B. campestris, B. oleracea and B. napus. Besides, the size and shape of the isolated chloroplasts as well as the isolated mesophyll cells were observed with light microscope. 1. The size (the area observed with microscope, S) of isolated mesophyll cells of rice was found to be the smallest among cereal crops studied. Compared to rice, the area (S) was 20 times more in wheat, 10 times in corn and 5 times in barnyard millet. The average size of mesophyll cells in Brassica species was the same as in barnyard millet. Among them, B. napus, a tetraploid species was observed to have larger mesophyll cells than diploid species, B. campestris and B. oleracea. The ratio of circumferential length to area of the mesophyll cell (l / S) was remarkably large in rice as compared with other species of Gramineae and Brassica species. 2. Light microscopy on the size of isolated chloroplasts showed that rice had the smallest chloroplasts among Gramineae, and that B. napus had the largest among Brassica species. In spite of the different sizes of chloroplasts in Gramineae and Brassica, the ratio of long and short diameter of the isolated chloroplasts was almost the same, about 1.4-1.5 in all species. 3. Electron microscopy revealed that the average ratio of long and short diameter of the chloroplasts located in the mesophyll cells was 3.25 in Gramineae and 3.20 in Brassic as pecies. The short diameter observed in this case was remarkably smaller than that observed on isolated chloroplasts with light microscope. It may be reasonable to infer that the chloroplasts existed in the mesophyll cells attaching their broad surface to the cell wall and that we observed the thickness of the chloroplast as short diameter in this case. 4. Electron microscopy revealed that the ploportion of the chloroplast surface contacted with the cell wall was around 43% (in a range of 40-47%), throughout the all species of cereals and Brassicas studied. This figure also suggests that the chloroplasts existed in the mesophyll cells attaching their broad surface to the cell wall. 5. The chloroplast surface contacted with the cell wall seems to be important as the site of gas exchange. If the proportion of the chloroplast surface contacted with the cell wall is almost equal throughout different species as observed above, the values of the chloroplast area index (CAI) defined by KARIYA and TSUNODA (1972, 73) may be important, not only from the view point of ligllt reception, but also from the view point of gas exchange.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (663K) -
趙 東三, 横井 誠一, 村田 吉男1980 年 49 巻 4 号 p. 608-614
発行日: 1980/12/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーAn investigation was carried out concerning the relationships between changes in the content of nitrogenous constituents in the leaf and its photosynthetic activity caused by nitrogen topdressing given at ear-formation or at heading, using four varieties, Tongil, Milyang 23, Kochihibiki and T-136. 1. Photosynthetic activity was higher in the indica-japonica hybrid varieties than in the japonica or the indica, with further increase by nitrogenous topdressing. 2. The content of total nitrogen, soluble proteins and Fraction 1 protein was higher in the indica-japonica hybrids than in T-136 and Kochihibiki, with further increase by nitrogen topdressing. 3. Changes in the photosynthetic activity showed a linear correlation of wide range with total nitrogen content, but a curvilinear correlation with the content of soluble proteins or Fraction 1 protein, giving a tendency to saturate at higher contents. In this case, the indica-japonica hybrids needed higher content to reach saturation, giving higher photosynthetic activity than the indica or the japonica. 4. In T-136 photosynthetic activity was positively correlated with total nitrogen content, but not so with the content of soluble proteins or Fraction 1 protein. 5. Considering these results, it was supposed that at least two factors, one, the Fraction 1 protein content and the other, something that changed in proportion to the total nitrogen content, were responsible for the changes in photosynthetic activity by nitrogen topdressing. 6. The higher productivity of the indica-japonica hybrids may be attributable to the greater responsiveness of their photosynthesis and of yield capacity to additional nitrogen fertilization.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (687K) -
鄭 永浩, 太田 保夫1980 年 49 巻 4 号 p. 615-616
発行日: 1980/12/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (536K)
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