巻号一覧
50 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の22件中1～22を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
徐 錫元, 茶村 修吾, 早川 利郎1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 91-97
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー1. A decrease in dehydrogenase activity, which assumed as the extent of senescence, in spikelet following the progress of ripening was studied with using TTC solution in cv. Nihonbare. (a) It was found that disappearance of the enzyme activity in spikelet occurred earlier as following order; in ventral portion of endosperm in dorsal portion of endosperm in vascular bundle of rachilla and pedicel in outer layer of kernel. (b) From these results dehydrogenase activity in spikelet disappears earlier in endosperm where nutrients are accumulated and synthesized than in vascular bundle of rachilla and pedicel through which nutrients translocate to endosperm. 2. Relationships between panicle and leaf senescence was studied. (a) Panicle senescence expressed by the decrease in TTC reducing activity oc-curred much earlier in Indica varieties than in Japonica ones, irrespective of the differcnce in the speed of leaf senescence. (b) Panicle senescence occurred much later in Japonica varieties than in Indica ones. But among Japonica varieties varietal difference in panicle senescence was observed and it occurred more rapidly in the varieties in which leaf senescence occurred more rapidly. (c) Grain weight after flowering increased more rapidly and stopped earlier in the varieties in which senescence in spikelet occurred earlier.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (828K) -
平 春枝, 平 宏和, 御子柴 公人1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 98-108
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーInvestigations have been carried out to determine the varietal and yearly differences on the oil and total carotenoids content and color of yellow soybean seeds of 56 varieties and 21 lines in 1972 and 1974, and of 54 varieties and 21 lines in 1973 grown at Nagano Chushin Agricultural Experiment Station. The range of value of 3 years was as follows: oil: 13.45% (Ichigowase 1974) to 25.89% (T 201 1972), total carotenoids: 0.278mg% (Kokeshijiro 1972) to 1.329mg% (S-100 1973), flour color Y: 68.2% (T 201 1972) to 76.7% (Tosan No. 82 1974), x: 0.338 (Norin No. 2 l974) to 0.378 (Shinmejiro l972), and y: 0.332 (Tosan No. 68 l972) to 0.379 (S-100 1973), and defatted flour color Y: 79.9% (Oguradaizu 1972) to 85.9% (Tosan No. 75 1973), x: 0.325 (Kakushin No. 1 1973, 1974, Norin No. 2 1974) to 0.338 (Ichigowase 1972), and y: 0.332 (Suzunari 1974) to 0.350 (Oshikadaizu 1972). From the results, the high value of coefficient of variation was observed in total carotenoids content. The oil and total carotenoids content, x and у value of flour color, and Y value of defatted flour color were influenced by variety, y value of defatted flour color by cropping year, and Y value of flour color and x value of defatted flour color by both variety and cropping year. As to the chemical composition and color, both dates of flowering and maturity showed significantly negative correlation with oil content and x and y value of defatted flour color and positive correlation with total carotenoids content and Y value of both flour colors. Weight of 100 seeds correlated positively with Y value of both flours, and negatively with total carotenoids content and x and y value of both flour colors. On the other hand, oil content correlated positively with total carotenoids content. Oil and total carotenoids content showed positive correlation with x value of both flour colors and y value of flour color and negative correlation with Y value of flour color.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1131K) -
平 宏和, 平 春枝, 石原 正敏1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 109-114
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーInvestigations were carried out to determine the effects of culture conditions of lowland and upland with intermittent irrigation after nearly young panicle formation stage on lipid content and fatty acid composition of lowland brown rice of non-glutinous and glutinous varieties. The difference between lowland and upland cultures was not significant in the lipid content. On the other hand, five fatty acids except myristic acid, palmitic acid, and arachidic acid were affected by the culture condition in the content. The lowland culture, as compared with the upland culture, gave significantly high oleic acid content and low stearic acid and linoleic acid contcnt of both non-glutinous and glutinous samples. As to non-glutinous rice and glutinous rice, the latter was significantly higher in lipid content and in palmitic acid content by both the cultures and in myristic acid content by lowland culture and lower in arachidic acid content by lowland culture.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (622K) -
Mohamad Javad MIRHADI, 小林 喜男1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 115-124
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー5月1日から7月1日まで,15日おきにグレインソルガム(H-726)を名大農学部附属農場の圃場で栽培し,週2回定期的にかん水する区と無かん水区を設け,生育収量やたんぱく含量を調査した. 1. いずれの播種期でもかん水区で,草丈,葉数,穂長,1穂粒数,茎葉や穀実のたんぱく含量が無かん水区より優れていて, この植物が乾燥に強いと考えられているにもかかわらず,栽培にあたってかんがいの必要性が高いと考えられた. 2. 6月1日および15日播きではかん水, 無かん水両区とも他の播種期の区に比べ,生育収量やたんぱく含量が全体的に低下していた. この減少は生育初期に降雨が多く日照が少なく, これに伴う気温の一時的な低下によるものと思われる. 3. 全植物中で茎葉や穂の占める乾物量の比率をみると,5月1日播きでは穂が最も高いが,5月15日播きでは葉の変化はなく,穂が減少して茎が高くなり, 6月1日播でほ茎も葉も増加した. さらに晩い播種期では葉の増加が最も高くなっている. これらから早期の播種では同化生産物の穂への転流が良好であり,晩期になるにつれて茎葉に残り,穂への転流が粒数の少ないこともあって減じ,穀実収量が減ずるといえる. 4. 全体的にかん水の有無で比較すれば,生育収量やたんぱく含量はどの播種期でも同様の傾向を示した. 穀実の粗たんぱく,粗でんぷんの比率に有意な差ほないが, 6月1日播きでは収量が低いので粗たんぱくは高い値を示し,その反面粗でんぷんの割合が減じている. 5.作期の早晩で比較すると,早播きがかん水の有無にかかわらず高収をもたらした. グレインソルガムの高収量を得るには栄養生長期は低温で長期間,登熟は高温で短期間経過するのが望ましいものと考えられる.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1035K) -
増田 清, 喜久田 嘉郎, 岡澤 養三1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 125-130
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーパセリ胚乳起源の培養組織は,MURSHIGE-SKOOGの基本培地上で,不定胚,苗条,根および多くの奇型器官を形成する. インドール酢酸とベンジルアデニンは組織の生長量を変化させたが,形態形成の様式に大きな変化をきたさなかった. 培地の硝酸アンモニウム,硝酸カリウムおよびグリシンをグルタミンに替えたところ,胚様体の生育とわずかな根の形成がみられた. 一方硝酸カリウム培地では苗条と根が形成され,グルタミンと硝酸カリウムをともに含む培地では,それぞれの単独培地ではみられなかった奇形器官の形成がみられた. グルタミン酸,アスパラギン,およびアスパラギン酸単独培地では奇型のものを含むわずかの器官形成を示したが,塩化アンモニウムや尿素は生育に効果がなかった. 以上のようにパセリ胚乳カルスの形態形成に対する窒素源の影響は大きい.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (842K) -
Mohammad Javad MIRHADI, 小林 喜男1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 131-142
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーグレインソルガムの高い穀実収量やたんぱく収量をあげるのに必要な窒素施用の適量を明らかにするため,また短期間の土壌乾燥による土壌中の高窒素濃度が生育,穀実およびたんぱく収量の増加に影響するかどうかを明らかにするため, H-726を用い,ことなる窒素施用量と水分ストレスを組み合わせ,窒素の吸収と転流について調査した. 実験は1978年名大農学部附属農場でポットにより行った. 得られた結果は次の通りである. 1. 穂重. 1穂粒数,穀実収量およびたんぱく収量は尿素6g施用に比べ8g施用で明らかに増加したが,さらに施用量を増すと減少した. 本実験では,1/2,000aワグネルポット当たり植物2本立てに対し,尿素10gあるいは12gの施用では多すぎ,8gが適度であることが明らかになった. 2. 窒素施用量の増加により穀実収量は減少したが,逆に穀実の粗たんぱく含有率は増大した. 穀実の粗でんぷん含有率は窒素施用の増加によって変化がなかった. 3. 植物体の窒素含量と穀実の窒素含量の比率から,窒素を多給すると吸収された窒素は茎葉に多く残り,穀実への転流が少なくなるといえる. 4. かん水を中止して短期間乾燥することにより土壌中の窒素含有率が高まるが,この高まりと穀実収量やたんぱく収量との間にはなんの関係も認められなかった. 5. 6葉出葉期から10日はど土壌乾燥を課し,萎凋が現われる前に再びかん水すれば,窒素を多給した場合でも窒素の吸収や転流が高まって,穀実収量やたんぱく収量が増大した.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1185K) -
桃木 芳枝, 太田 保夫, 長谷川 忠男1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 143-147
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous papers, the germination inhibitors which denoted as inhibitors A and B were isolated from the seed coats of B.falcatum seed. Inhibitor B was obviously superior to inhibitor A in the activities to absorb oxygen and inhibit germination. In the present paper, changes of inhibitors A and B content in seeds were investigated with regard to changes of germination capacity of postharvest. 1. The germination temperature of 15°C was found to bring about high germination capacity and short germination period (days). At 15°C, the germination capacity was low at shedding and grew higher as the time of postharvest advanced up to after shedding. The highest germination capacity was attained at the seeds stored for 5months. Same tendency was observed at 20°C and 25°C. 2. Inhibitors content obviously changed with the period of postharvest. Contents ofinhibitor B were high during early period after seed harvest and lowered as the time of postharvest advanced. On the contrary, contents of inhibitor A lowered were increased as the time of postharvest advanced. 3. Inhibition of germination by exudate from B. falcatum seeds during stratification was observed. Inhibitor B which isolated from the sand used stratification treatment was markedly detected by thin-layer chromatography, although inhibitor A was not clearly. 4. The filter paper used as germination bed on which B. falcatum seeds were placed delayed the germination of lettuce seeds, if B. falcatum seeds were within 5 months after shedding. However, exudate of B. falcatum seeds stored for more than 5 months after shedding was not effected. 5. From the above results, it is possible that changes of dormant depth in B.falcatum seeds may be related to changes of inhibitor B content.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (578K) -
広田 秀憲, 渡辺 茂1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 148-156
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリートウモロコシの幼植物を12時間照明,22±℃の条件で通気しながら水耕すると種子根が屈曲を示すことがあるが,その程度は品種によって異なる.根の屈曲の機作を探るために一連の実験を行い,次のような結果を得た. 1)品種:12品種を供試した結果,品種によって根の屈曲が異なり,スィートコーン類(SC)は曲がりやすく,デントコーン類(DC)は直線的に伸長した. 2)環境要因:パイオニア3715 (DC)とグレートベル(SC)を供試した結果. 高温で根の伸長が促進された. 根冠の除去と通気は根の伸長を促した. グレートベル(GB)を用いた実験でほ暗黒下でも根が屈曲した. 3)IAAとGA3: 水耕液にIAAまたはGA3を加えると(GB)の根冠を切除した根でも屈曲し,その濃度はそれぞれ10-7Mと10-5Mであった. また,地上部を切除し,その切口にIAAを含んだラノリンを塗布すると10-4Mで根の屈曲が再現された. 4)ラベルしたIAAの地上部から根端への移動:根冠を切除したパイオニア3715(P)とGB2品種について前実験と同様ラノリンを用いて比較してみると,IAAの移動量は(P)より(GB)において大であった. 5)抗オーキシンの影響: (GB)の幼植物を用いて水耕液に抗オーキシンを与えた結果,PCIB M-5MおよびTIBA-7Mで根の屈曲を抑えることができた. 6)根の屈曲とCHM:GBの幼植物を用いて水耕液にたんぱく質合成阻害物質CHMを与えた結果,10-6Mで根が直線的に伸長した. 以上の結果から, 根の屈曲は根の組織内でメチオニンから生化学的に生成されたエチレンによって起こり,このエチレンは組織内のオーキシンが過剰になったときに多く生産されるものと考えた.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (889K) -
青野 英也, 簗瀬 好充, 田中 静夫1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 157-163
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーTo investigate the development and distribution of roots from young tea plant to the mature one in the field, the roots of Yabukita variety in 1969 were grubbed up every year and investigated over 1O years by the soil-block washing method. 1. The roots of 3 years old tea plant were grown at the central part of space (150cm) between hedges. Then those of 4 years old plant reached to a depth of 60-75 cm at the central part of the space between hedges, and thick roots were grown under the trunk. Furthermore, the thick roots of 6 years old plant reached to a depth of 15-30 cm just under the trunk, and the slender roots reached to a depth of 90-105 cm at the central part of space between hedges. The medium roots of mature tea plant of 7 years old reached to a depth of 90-105 cm like the slender roots. After 8 years, each root part increased in the above mentioned rooting zone. 2. About the distribution ratio of three roots parts, slender, medium and thick, in soil, any characteristic tendency was not seen in the vertical distribution of them, but the interesting tendencies were seen in the horizontal distribution. Namely, in the young tea plants slender roots were distributed denser under the trunk than the central part of space between hedges, and in case of 7 years old plants the about same distributions ratio was obtained in all horizontal parts. Eight years after planting, slender roots developed thicker at the central part of space between hedges than under the trunk. 3. The correlation coefficients between the age of a clonal plant and the development of its roots were significantly positive in case of thick and medium one, while in case of slender roots the correlation was not significant. 4. The correlation coefficient between the development of tea roots and growth of aerial parts was significantly positive, and the more the growth of aerial parts the more the development of roots. The T/R ratio of tea plant was shown as over 2.0 in case of young tea plant, but that of mature plant was about 1.5.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (681K) -
青野 英也, 簗瀬 好充, 田中 静夫1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 164-168
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーTo investigate the soil conservation faculty of tea roots in the sloping field, the soil retention force of tea roots was measured under several conditions. 1. The soil retention force of tea roots varied with the age of clonal plant in the field, the distribution and development of roots, and the property of soil, etc. Especially, the correlation coefficients between the soil retention force and the age of clonal plant, depth of roots, and the thickness of roots were significantly positive. But as regards the relation between the soil retention force and the age of clonal plant, the rate of increase of soil retention force in the plant above 40-50 years old was lower than that in the plant below 30-40 years old. 2. The correlation coefficients between the soil retention force and the weight of roots were also significantly positive. The local seedling plant was superior in the soil retention force than the clonal plant, when the wetight of roots of them were almost the same. The soil retention force seemed to be influenced by the difference not only in the weight of roots but also in the distribution and physical property of roots between seedling and clonal plant.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (552K) -
佐藤 庚, 朴 慶培1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 169-175
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーAjaponica X indica rice variety "Tongil" was treated with various low temperatures in phytotrons under natural light to investigate the discoloration processes of leaves experimentally. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Leaf number did not increase at 15°/10°C (day/night), but increased gradually with increase of temperature, while, the length of leaf blades and sheaths which were at grand growth period was markedly shortened under low temperature. The increase in plant height of seedling was inhibited under low temperature over 6 days. 2. Leaf color changed to light green, yellow or brown when treated below 20°/15°C, and brown color spread over whole leaf blade at 15°/10°C. 3. Chlorophyll content of leaf blades began to decrease at the 3rd day under low temperature (17°/12°C), and markedly decreased at the 9th day. 4. Chloroplasts treated by low temperatures contained larger starch grains in size and amount and more lipid globules, and also thylakoid membranes were some-what distended and disordered. 5. Under normal temperatures the mean sectional areas of chloroplasts in meso-phyll cells were about 2.4 times greater than in bundle sheath cells, but under lower temperatures they decreased to 1.7 times mostly due to a grcat expanding of the chloro-plasts in bundle sheath, resulting from a much deposition of starch grains. 6. Under normal temperatures the chloroplasts of the mesophyll cells close to both the adaxial and abaxial epidermis contained less starch grains compared to those at the central portion, but under lower temperatures the chloroplasts at the abaxial side contained more starch grains than those of the adaxial side.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1148K) -
番場 宏治, 大久保 隆弘1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 176-180
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe field experiments were conducted during summer in 1978 and 1979 on a field of volcanic ash soil at Kitamoto to improve a method determining the soil water uptake patterns by field crops. The amount of the evapotranspiration in upland rice was measured by the chamber method developed by KATO et al. after cutting roots horizontally by piano wire at 15, 20 and 30 cm in depth, respectively, for three soil moisture levels controlled by irrigation just before treatment. The main results obtained are as follows: 1. When soil moisture was kept at low level of pF 2.0-2.3, the cutting roots at 20 and 30 cm in depth was not effective for the evapotranspiration in case of the rate less than 0.9 mm per hour. 2. When soil moisture was kept at pF 2.8, the results obtained by cutting roots at 15 cm in depth was the same as shown in item 1. 3. Under the condition of 42% soil moisture in surface soil, the evapotranspiration of treated plot decreased to 60% of the controlled one and wilted in daytime. 4. It was suggested from these results that upland rice grew mainly by water in the layer of 0-20 cm if the moisture was at low (pF1 2.0-2.3), but, when evapotranspiration rate got higher than 0.9 mm per hour even the moisture of surface soil was kept at low level (pF 2.0-2.3) or moisture of surface soil was less than 42%, the roots above 15 cm in depth did not uptake soil water enough to support the normal evapotranspiration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (634K) -
陳 日斗, 井之上 準1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 181-185
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clear the degree of grain shedding of the Japonica-Indica hybrid rice varieties bred in Korea, the strength required to detach rice grain from its pedicel or rachilla was measured at harvest time with an unbonded strain gauge transducer and a null barancing recorder. Besides 32 varieties of the Japonica-Indica hybrid rice, 169 varieties of Japonica type rice including 55 native varieties, 59 improved ones and 55 introduced ones from Japan during about 1920 to 1940 were also tested. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Highly positive correlation was observed between the breaking tensile and breaking bending strengths in both Japonica-Indica hybrid and Japonica type rice varieties. In the two kinds of strengths, the former was always smaller than the latter. 2. Regarding the recommended rice varieties at present time, the breaking tensile strength was from 84 to 188 g in the Japonica-Indica hybrid and from 195 to 245 g in the Japonica type rices. 3. Breaking tensile strength was generally larger in the primary branch of lower portion than that of upper portion of an ear in the Japonica type rice varieties, while any clear trend was not observed in the Japonica-Indica hybrid rice. 4. In the half or more of the native varieties which were grown until the 1920s, in those days rice grain was threshed by shattering on the earth or wooden whacking frame etc., the range of their breaking tensile strength was about the same as that of the Japonica-Indica hybrid rice.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (613K) -
青野 英也, 簗瀬 好充, 田中 静夫1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 186-190
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーAs a soil retention force of tea roots seemed to be influenced by the variety, planting density and soil moisture, the resisting power to stump-pulling was measured using several varieties. The soil retention force of tea roots varied with varieties. Kanayamidori and Okumidori, in which roots were well developed under the ground, had strong soil retention force, but Yabukita and Yamakai, which had comparatively less density of roots and many slender roots, had weak soil retention force. Also, the soil retention power of tea roots varied with the planting density and soil moisture. The denser the plant spacing, the weaker the soil retention force of a plant, however, the stronger was that per unit area. And the soil retention force under much soil moisture was weaker than that under less soil moisture condition.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (570K) -
鳥越 洋一, 進土 宏, 栗原 浩1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 191-198
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThis experiment was undertaken to elucidate branching mechanism in relation to yield determining process of the soybeans, with special reference to phytomer concept. Soybean cv. Tachisuzunari was planted on June 25, 1979. The treatments are three levels of plant population (D1, 3, 333; D2, 1, 667; D3, 833 plants/a) and two levels of nitrogen application (N1, 0 kg N; N 2, 0.3 kg N/a). The experimental design used was 3 × 2 factorial experiment with two replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The components of a soybean plant are classified into cotyledon-phytomer, primary leaf-phytomer, phytomer with a compound leaf, prophyll-phytomer and flower cluster-phytomer. These components are arranged in a certain rule. 2. The emerging pattern of successive phytomers on main stem was represented in two linear equations with a turning point at the stage of phytomer 5 emerged. The nitrogen application and plant population effect on the emergence rates before and after the turning point, respectively. 3. There is a co-emerging relationship between main stem and branches. This relationship, however, is not retained under a high plant population such as 3, 333 plants/a. 4. There is a threshold-type relationship between the elongation of internodes on main stem and the number of phytomers developed on predominant branches (II, III, IV), on the basis of co-growing system. This suggests the critical stage of branch development to be on the period of phytomer 5 to 8 emerged, in relation to the distribution of carbohydrates assimilated by the primary leaf and the leaves of phytomer 1 to 3. On the other hand, upper branches such as V, VI and VII do not show this relationship. These branches are relatively stable in the number of phytomers between different plant populations.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (824K) -
和田 富吉, 前田 英三1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 199-209
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーDorsal vascular bundles, nucellar projections and transfer cells in 62 species of the gramineous caryopses were examined by light microscopc. These results were then considered in relation to the grass systematics. Considering a halflength of thc caryopsis, small vascular bundles and short nucellar projections were observed in the plants belonging to Panicoideae and Eragrostoideae, small vascular bundles with short nucellar projections and large vascular bundles with long nucellar projections were observed in Festucoideae. Studies conducted on the face view of hila (KINGES l961) show some correlation (present investigation) between the shape of the hilum and the relative size of vascular bundle and the length of nucellar projection. It was seen that the plants having small vascular bundles with short nucellar projections mostly showed pointed or ellipsoidal hilum, whereas those having large vascular bundles and long nucellar projections always showed linear hilum. Hence seeing the table of KINGES, giving different shapes of hila, one can predict the size and type of different tissues where such studies have not been performed. In the present study, looking at the different shapes of hila as indicated by KINGES, the size of vascular bundle and the type of nucellar projection has suggested in subfamilies such as Panicoideae, Eragrostoideae and Festucoideae. Preliminary investigations conducted by us on Bambusoidae and Oryzoideae also support this view, where large vascular bundles with long nucellar projections have been found. Also considering TATEOKA'S phylogenic scheme on Gramineae, it seems quite possible that small vascular bundles and short nucellar projections evolved from large vascular bundles and long nucellar projections during the course of evolution. Appearance of transfer cells in the peripheral endosperm at the basal region of caryopsis was virtually restricted to the plants of Panicoideae. This result suggests that once these cells evolved, they perpetuated during the subsequent evolution of the subfamily. From the distinct differences in the cell wall ingrowth between Andropogoneae and Paniceae, it has been observed that Andropogoneae is characterized by the presence of more highly developed transfer cells than Paniceae.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1878K) -
新発田 修治, 佐藤 庚, 星川 清親1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 210-216
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー低温灰化処理後の偏光顕微鏡観察と葉断面の走査型電子顕微鏡観察により,3葉期のイネの葉身,葉鞘に多数の針状,角柱状,八面体状結晶の沈積が認められた. 針状結晶は主に葉内細胞に含まれ,角柱状,八面体状結晶は葉身,葉鞘の維管束鞘細胞と葉枕の柔細胞に含まれる. 針状結晶は他の結晶に比べて小型(長さ1.5～2.0μm,幅0.3～Q.5μm)であるが,1細胞当たり数本が束状に沈積しており,数は最も多い. 葉鞘は葉身に比べ結晶が少ない. X線マイクロアナライザーと組織化学的分析観察の結果から,これらの結晶はシュウ酸石灰であることが確認され,さらにX線回折により,針状結晶と八面体結晶はそれぞれシュウ酸石灰の1水塩と2水塩であることが明らかにされた. 登熟期の葉身のカルシウムの分画定量では,リン酸塩,シュウ酸塩が溶出するといわれる塩酸分画にカルシウムが多かった. この結果と灰化処理をした葉身にみられる結晶数から判断して,カルシウムの多くがシュウ酸石灰となって沈積していると考えられた.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (844K) -
犬山 茂1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 217-222
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThis study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of straw mulch to reduce drought stress and to stabilize the productivity of grain sorghum. F1 hybrid variety, E59, was planted on April 20 in four treatments: irrigation-straw mulch, irrigation-no mulch, no irrigation-straw mulch, and no irrigation-no mulch treatments with three replications. Severe water stress occured only during the late grain filling stage because of the unusual delayed end of rainy season this year. Leaf water potentials of grain sorghum measured by pressure chamber during drought stress period were slightly high in mulch treatments, irrespective of soil water conditions by irrigation. Leaf diffusive resistances measured by porometer were high in no mulch treatment of which leaf water potential was lower than in mulch treatment. The amount of evapotranspiration of mulch treatment was lower than no mulch treatment under unirrigated conditions from July 19 to July 30, but there were no differences of evapotranspiration between mulch and no mulch treatments under irrigated conditions. The amount and rate of water consumption to the depth of 40 cm in soil for the same period as above mentioned were less in mulch treatment under unirrigated conditions because of the reduction of evaporation from soil surface. The growth of grain sorghum was not accelerated by mulch under irrigated conditions. However, the growth in mulch treatment was more vigorous under unirrigated conditions. Grain yields harvested on August 20 were high in mulch treat-ment, even if only slightly high under irrigated conditions. From these results, it was concluded that mulch is effective to reduce the adverse effect of water stress by the depression of evapotranspiration and the maintenance of relative high leaf water potential in limited water conditions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (638K) -
村田 吉男1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 223-232
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー世界各地で極めて好適な条件の下に栽培された場合にえられた各種の作物の短期間の最大CGR,および年間の純生産量と生育日数から求めた平均CGRの高位値を文献から集め,報告された葉面当たりの最大光合成能力(p0)と比較した. さらに最大CGRの高位値の得られた場合の太陽エネルギー利用効率(Eu)を,JIBP地域班によって得られたEuのデータと黒岩(1968)の式を用いた計算により,同一日射レベルに直して比較した. 得られた結果は次のとおりである. 1) 最大CGRはp0に対して,C3種,C4種にかかわらず,全体として密接な一つの曲線回帰を示し,ニ次回帰で近似した場合,実測値と計算値とは0.1%レベルで有意な相関(0.896)を与えた. 2) 平均CGRとp0の間にも前者の場合よりは弱いが,同様な回帰が認められた. 3) 最大CGRの高位値に対応するEu値を,一定日射レベル(500ly/day)における値に直して比較すると,一,ニの例外はあるが,一般にC3種よりC4種の方が高いことが示された. さらに,補正されたEuとp0との間には密接な相関(r=0.843,O.1%レベルで有意) が見られ,太陽エネルギー利用効率の種間差もp0に強く依存することが示唆された.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (819K) -
岩間 和人, 中世古 公男, 礒田 昭弘, 後藤 寛治, 西部 幸男1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 233-238
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーバレイショ交配分離集団(268系統)における根系と塊茎収量との関係を明らかにするため,地上部最大期(7月下旬)に部位別乾物重(葉,茎+ストロン,根および塊茎)ならびに形態的形質を,また収穫期には塊茎乾物収量とでんぷん価を調査した. 1. 各調査形質において分離集団内に大きな表現型変異が認められた. 形質間の関係をみると,根乾物重(根重)は葉重および茎重と,r=0.68およびr=0.80の高い正の相関関係を示し,根,葉および茎の大きさは相互に密接な関係を示すことが明らかとなった. 形態的形質のうち,根茎,茎長,分枝数はこれら部位別乾物重と正の相関関係を示し,一方根数は茎数および地上部最大期塊茎乾物重と密接に関係していた. また,葉,茎および根重の大きな系統では塊茎収量が高く,生育日数の長いことが認められた. 2. 分離集団を6つの熟性群に分類し,形質間の相関関係を検討した. 平均根重と平均生育日数および平均塊茎収量との間に,それぞれr=0.99およびr=0.95の非常に高い正の相関関係が認められた. 晩生群の系統は早生群の系統に比較し,根重が大きく,葉重に対する根重の割合が高く,そして塊茎収量が大となることが明らかとなった. 3. 同一熟性群内における形質間の関係をみると,熟期の等しい系統間に認められる塊茎収量の差異は,早生群では根重および葉重の差異と関係していた. しかし,晩生群では塊茎収量と根重および葉重との間に有意な相関関係が認められず,塊茎収量の差異は単位根重ならびに単位葉重当たりの乾物生産量の差異に起因するものと推察された.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (653K) -
朴 慶培, 佐藤 庚1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 239-240
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (313K) -
原城 隆, 堀野 俊郎1981 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 241-242
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (365K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|