巻号一覧
54 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1～17を表示しています
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野瀬 昭博, 真武 信一, 宮里 清松, 村山 盛一1985 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 195-204
発行日: 1985/08/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーパインアップル(スムース・カイエン種 ハワイ系N-76)を水耕栽培し, 窒素栄養(硝酸態窒素)が地上部のガス交換に及ぼす影響を検討した. 根圏の窒素濃度区として, 14, 28, 69, 138, 277, 552ppmの6処理区を設定した. 得られた結果は, 以下のとおりである. 1. いずれの窒素区においても, 明期の後半と暗期にCO2吸収が生じるという, CAM型CO2交換を示した(第1図). 2. 全日と暗期のCO2収支は, 277と138ppmの窒素区で最大となった. 明期の後半のCO2吸収は, 138ppm区で最大となった(第2図). 3. 葉身の全窒素含量・可溶性タンパク含量・クロロフィル含量は, 138と277ppm区で最大となり, 554ppm区では減少した(第3図). 4. 全日と暗期のCO2収支は, 葉身の全窒素, 可溶性タンパク, クロロフィルと正の有意な相関を示した. 明期の後半のCO2吸収量は, 調査した葉身の窒素要因とは有意な相関を示さなかった(第4, 5図). 5. CO2吸収速度と水蒸気交換係数は, 明期の後半と暗期の両方で正の有意な相関を示し, 特に前者での相関の程度が高かった(第7図). 従って, 暗期のCO2吸収は葉内の窒素関連要因によって主に制御をうけ, 明期の後半のCO2吸収は気孔コンダクタンスによって主に制御されるものと推察された. 6. CAM性(全日のCO2収支に占める暗期のCO2吸収の割合)は, 葉身の全窒素含量の増大とともに上昇した(第6図). 7. パインアップルのCO2吸収における窒素利用効率は, 1日当りでは1.9～1.2mgCO2/mgNと小さかった. 暗期と明期の最大CO2吸収速度から求めた最大窒素利用効率は, 暗期で93～120μgCO2/mgN/h, 明期で65～105μgCO2/mgN/hと極めて小さかった(第9図).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (984K) -
池田 武1985 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 205-209
発行日: 1985/08/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe present experiments were conducted with an aim to obtain higher percentages of seedling emergence and establishment by sowing the germinated seeds than by direct sowing in the field. By this new method it is possible to lessen the labor needed for transplanting. A series of experiments with soybean (Glycine max cultivar. Enrei) were carried out on the field nursery beds. The results obtained are summarized as follows : (1)When seeds were put on so as to direct the hilum to the valley parts of the filter paper folded up in V-shape, seed germination became considerably promoted. The highest germinability was obtained when water depth was maintained at about one-fourth of the seed height (seed width in practice) (Fig. 1). (2)Assuming the percentage of seedling establishment being 100% by transplanting the seedlings raised in paper pots, those of germinated seeds and of direct sowing were 92% and 73%, respectively (Fig. 3). (3)The percentages of seedling establishment by sowing germinated seeds dried out on the filter paper in the laboratory did not decrease conspicuously within about one week, but thereafter it decreased so rapidly. Those of the germinated seeds stored under refrigeration were higher than those of air-dried ones in the laboratory within the same period (Fig. 5). (4)The percentages of seedling establishment by sowing the germinated seeds submerged in water during 1, 2 and 3 days were 83%, 44% and 10%, respectively (Fig. 6). (5)More uniform seedlings can be obtained when shallow planted at the depth of 1-3 cm than 5-6 cm under field conditions (Fig. 7).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (585K) -
続 栄治, 村上 義明, 志田 庄二郎1985 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 210-219
発行日: 1985/08/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of the present investigation was to make clear inheritance of high protein property and to obtain the informations on breeding of high protein rice variety. Parents used were a high protein variety "Brimful" (scented rice from Nepal) and a Japanese ordinary rice variety "Koshihikari". A cross was carried out in 1977 and progenies of F2, F3, F4 and F5 were grown from 1978 to 1981. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. The distribution in F2 and F3 populations of protein content was monomodal and symmetric. Mean of F2 population was located between a low protein parent and mid parent values (Fig. 1). It was suggested that high protein property was controlled by a number of multiple genes or polygenes. 2. The narrow sense heritability of protein content was estimated based on the variance and co-variance of F2 and F3 populations and the value was 0.589. 3. Regarding to the relation between protein content and agronomic characters, the results from F3 and F5 populations showed that the high protein property was not linked with agronomic characters and flavor in grains (Tables 2, 4 and 9). 4. As compared with F3 and F4 populations, F5 was high in mean value of protein content and also decreased in the genetic variance of protein (Tables 1, 3 and 8). The facts may be suggested that high protein property showed the tendency of genetic fixation in F5 generation. 5. In each of the F4 and F5 generations, significant difference was observed among the lines in lysine and threonine contents per dry weight, and the lines were far better than Koshihikari (Tables 5 and 10). But, there were not in the contents per protein. 6. Significant correlation was observed between protein content and lysine, threonine and methionine contents per dry weight in F4 and F5 populations (Tables 6 and 11). But, no correlation was observed per protein. 7. The promising lines which have high protein and also relatively good agronomic characters were selected based on the measured results in F5 population (Table 12).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (909K) -
川島 長治1985 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 220-225
発行日: 1985/08/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn previous papers, the author made clear that the number of shoot units without crown roots differed among rice cultivars which had the different number of leaves on the main stem and that this difference closely related to the difference in the finishing time of crown roots elongation. Therefore, several investigations were conducted to elucidate the causal factors concerning the difference of the number of shoot units without crown roots among rice cultivars having the different number of leaves on the main stem. As is seen generally, no crown roots were observed in the shoot unit with an elongated internode. This was also true in the case that the shoot unit with an elongated internode was put deeply in soil by transplanting. As for the shoot unit with a non-elongated internode, however, crown roots appeared even in the case that it existed above the soil surface as well as in soil. From these results, it is considered that crown roots appearance is not affected by whether the shoot unit exists above the soil surface or in soil, but is determined by whether its internode is an elongated one or not. Reproductive growth did not seem to inhibit the appearance of crown roots so strongly as the internode elongation did. In every rice cultivar having the different number of leaves on the main stem, the reproductive growth phase took place when the fourth leaf, that was countered basipetally from the flag leaf, began to appear. On the other hand, the more the number of leaves or the main stem of the rice cultivar concerned were, the sooner the internode elongation began after the commencement of the reproductive growth phase and the more the number of elongated internodes were. So, such the difference in the number of elongated internodes as this is thought to concern the difference of the number of shoot units without crown roots among rice cultivars which have the different number of leaves on the main stem.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (695K) -
林 茂一, 熊沢 喜久雄1985 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 226-234
発行日: 1985/08/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーEffects of pyruvate, citrate, succinate and glycolate on the incorporation of 15NH4 and 15NO3 into amino acids and amides, and on the amino acid contents were studied by using the seedlings of Norin No. 41 of rice. 1. Effect of organic acids on the incorporation of 15N from 15NH4Cl or Na15NO3 into amino acids and amides (Figs. 1 and 2). In the root, glutamic acid in 15NH4-feeding case and glutamine in 15NO3-feeding one were the most strongly labelled. The incorporation of 15N into amino acids and amides tested was decreased by the organic acid treatments in both cases of ammonium and nitrate. In the top, glutamine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were relatively strongly labelled with 15N from both the 15NH4- and 15NO3-feedings. The effect of organic acids on the incorporation of 15N into amino acids and amides was decreased in the 155NO3-feeding, but it was not found in the 15NH4-feeding. In the endosperm, the incorporation of 15NH4 into glutamine was increased by the treatment with organic acids. 2. Effect of organic acids on the contents of amino acids and amides (Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5). In the root, the contents of amino acids and amides were increased by the treatment with organic acids in the NH4-feeding, but not in the NO3-feeding. In the top, the amounts of aspartic and glutamic acid were increased by the organic acid treatments in the NH4-feeding, but no the remarkable differences on the contents of amino acids and amides were found in NO3-feeding. In the endosperm, the effects of organic acid treatments to produce these nitrogenous compounds scarcely were found.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (848K) -
青木 智1985 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 235-240
発行日: 1985/08/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーTo measure the content of glucose, sucrose, starch and free amino acids, the method using immobilized enzyme membranes and H2O2 electrode was investigated. From tea powder, each substrate was extracted with distilled water at 60°C for 1-2 hr. Sucrose and starch were converted to β-D-glucose by invertase, mutarotase and amyloglucosidase, respectively. By immobilized glucose oxidase and amino acid oxidase, glucose and free amino acids reacted with O2 and formed H2O2 of which content was measured with H2O2 electrode. When values of carbohydrates content obtained from immobilized enzyme method were compared with those obtained from the modified method of MURAYAMA et al, correlation coefficients of glucose, sucrose and starch were 0.962 (n=9), 0.991 (n=13) and 0.971 (n=10), respectively. Correlation coefficients of free amino acids contents between immobilized enzyme method and ninhydrin method were 0.999 (n=4) in different organs and 0.725 (n=20) in different varieties. The immobilized enzyme method showed some characteristics as follows; 1)Compared to HANES method that is based on chemical reactions, this method is highly specific to substrates and shows linearity in relative wide range. 2)Owing to the specificity to substrates, samples can be extracted with hot water, resulting in a simple mamuplation. 3)By using enzymes immobilized to membrane, the amount of H2O2 formed from each substrate is easily measured. 4)Fructose cannot be, however, measured by this method. These results show that the immobilized enzyme method is useful to study physiological changes in these metabolites.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (606K) -
有原 丈二, 渡辺 和之1985 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 241-247
発行日: 1985/08/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー1穂型のトウモロコシ品種として, タカネワセ(共通), および冬穂型の品種として, Q97×Q98(実験1 )ならびにQ21×Q22(実験2)を供試して, 登熟期における同化産物の転流を比較した. 1. 実験1の剪葉試験の結果, 1穂型品種では, 絹糸抽出期後20日間の雌穂の生長に, 絹糸抽出期までにその体内に蓄積された同化産物がほとんど利用されていなかったが, 多穂型品種では有効に使われていた. これに対して, 絹糸抽出期20日後以降の雌穂の生長には, いずれの品種とも, それまでに体内に蓄積された同化産物を利用していた. このことから, 1穂型と多穂型とでは, 絹糸抽出期前後の時期の同化産物の転流に大きな違いがあるものと考えられた. 2. 絹糸抽出期からその20日後の間に生長のみられたすべての雌穂(1穂型では第1および第2雌穂, 多穂型では第1から第3雌穂まで)の総体の生長率は, 多穂型の方が1穂型より高かった. 3. 実験2の14Cの施用試験の結果, 雄穂抽出期から絹糸抽出期4日後にかけての期間では, 多穂型品種は1穂型品種よりも, 雌穂へ転流される同化産物の割合は低く, 茎, 葉鞘への割合が高くなっており, 一方, 雄穂抽出期にいったん体内に蓄積された同化産物の雌穂への再転流は盛んであった. 4. これらから, 1穂型と多穂型の間に見られる雌穂不稔抵抗性の違いには, 同化産物の転流の違いが大きく関連しているものと考えられた.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (757K) -
SONGMUANG Prasert, LUANGSIRORAT Somsak, SEETANUN Wittaya, KANAREUGSA C ...1985 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 248-252
発行日: 1985/08/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリータイ国中央部Ratchaburi稲作試験場において, 1976年から1983年にわたり改良水稲品種RD7を用いて, 化学肥料と組合せた稲ワラ堆肥施用試験を行なった. 堆肥(3, 6, 9, 12t/ha)及び化学肥料(N:P2O5:K2O=50:25:25kg/ha)の両者とも籾収量を増加させたが, 特に多量の堆肥を施用した区では年月の経過と共に効果が大となった. ただし, 最高収量は常に堆肥と化学肥料の両者を共に与えた区で得られた. また堆肥施用により, 土壌の有機物, 陽イオン交換容量, 可給態リン及びカリの含有率が高まった. 堆肥の長期施用は土壌肥沃度を高め, 水稲の収量増をもたらす.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (524K) -
武田 和義1985 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 253-260
発行日: 1985/08/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーMany researchers have reported that unsuitable ripening conditions such as low temperature, drought, shading, or fertilizer deficiency lead to grain notching of rice. In this study the mechanism of grain notching has been re-investigated from a view point of temperature effect on the caryopsis elongation. As the caryopsis of rice plant develops encased in floral glumes, the size and shape of the caryopsis are restricted by the floral glumes. However, it has been clarified that the caryopsis is capable of elongating longer than the floral glumes in general, and that the varieties in which the potential volume of the caryopsis far exceeds the capacity of floral glumes tend to produce such mulformed grains as notched or hull-cracked ones. In this study, for allowing full growth of the potential length of caryopsis (T1), upper parts of the floral glumes on two or three panicles of each plant were clipped off three days after anthesis, and these panicles were protected by parchment bags. The rest of panicles were kept untreated to determine the natural length of caryopsis (C1) which developed within the floral glumes. Seven rice cultivars (Table 1) were grown in pots and kept outdoors until heading time. Thereafter, they were divided into three lots and moved to phytotrons in which the temperature was maintained high (33/23°C), medium (28/18°C) or low (23/13°C), and grown under 30, 000 lux artificial light for 14 hours a day. Humidity was regulated to 70-80% and 85-95% during the light and dark period, respectively. As shown in Table 2, actual temperature inside the floral glumes and parchment bag was a little higher than ambient air temperature under illumination. Twenty-30 caryopses were sampled every, other day and measured to give growth curves for T1 and C1. Several growth parameters were estimated according to Robertson's equation. At maturity, rest of materials were harvested to examine seed fertility, notched grain percentage, and the size and shape of the caryopses. The result of present investigation has indicated followings : Although the growth late of C1 is lowered under low temperature, the maximum value of C1 is not different with temperature conditions, because C1 is restricted by the scope of floral glumes. As shown in Fig. 2, C1 reaches to its ceiling at 7 days (at high temp.), 9 days (at medium temp.) and 11 days (at low temp.) after anthesis. Under low temperature condition the growth rate of T1 is reduced, but because the growth duration is extended, the final length of T1 is the longest. Thus, the unbalance between the potential length of caryopsis and the capacity of floral glumes, or T1/C1 is higher under low temperature condition. Notched grain percentage increases under low temperature condition, and as shown in Fig. 3, it correlates with T1/C1 ratio. From these observations it may be concluded that under low temperature condition T1 shows excessive elongation, which leads to stronger unbalance between T1 and C1. When T1 is much longer than C1, the longitudinal development of caryopsis is restricted by floral glumes resulting in grain notching.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (930K) -
稲田 勝美1985 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 261-272
発行日: 1985/08/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー葉の葉緑素含量を反射光を用いて非破壊的に推定するのに役だつ指標を明らかにするため, イネ, コムギおよびオオムギの葉について研究を行った. 葉の半球反射率スペクトルは, 葉緑素に依存する可視域(V, 500～650nm)と葉緑素に無関係な近赤外域(IR, 750nm以上)の二つの十分離れた帯域に分けられた. IRを800nm, Vを550nmとした場合に, 両帯域における反射率(ρ)の差(ρ800-ρ550)および比(ρ800/ρ550)とも単位葉面積当たりの葉緑素含量(Chl/LA)に対する相関が最も高く, 相関係数(r)は全試料葉を含めてそれぞれ0.920および0.970であった. Chl/LAに対する相関は一般に反射率の比の方が差よりも高く, V帯域の波長(λ)を変化させた場合の反射率の比ρ800/ρλとChl/LAとの間のrは, λが530～630nmの範囲ではほぼ一定の高い値(0.9以上)を示すことが供試各作物および全体について認められた. また, ρ800/ρ550の値は, 吸光法に基づく葉緑素計の示度との間にもきわめて高い相関(r=0.968)を示した. 以上の結果から, 波長約530～630nm間の反射率に対する750nm以上のIR反射率の比は, 少なくとも供試したイネ科作物葉のChl/LAを推定するための指標として最もすぐれていることが明らかになった。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (536K) -
トルン ブイ チ, 吉田 重方1985 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 266-272
発行日: 1985/08/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーリョクトウを3段階の栽植密度条件(8, 14および28本/m2, 1本立て千鳥植え)下で圃場栽培し, その生育, 子実生産, 窒素吸収および共生窒素固定能に及ぼす栽植密度の影響を経時的に調査した. その結果, 下記のことが明らかとなった. 1. 個体当りの植物体乾物重は栽植密度の増加に伴って低下したが, 単位面積当りの植物体乾物重は上記とは逆に栽植密度の高いものほど大きかった. その主たる原は密植に伴う個体間の光競合による茎葉生産の抑制によるものと考えられた. 2. 単位面積当りの子実収量も上記と同様に栽植密度の増加に伴って高まったが, 個体当りの着莢数や子実重は逆に栽植密度の増加に伴って低下した. しかし, 一莢当りの子実重, 子実数および千粒重や子実粗タンパク含量等は枚植密度の差異によって大きく影響されなかった. 3. 栄養生長の最盛期における葉面積指数は栽植密度の高いものほど高く, それに対応して植物体地際における相対照度は低下していた. また, 植物体乾物重に対する子実重, 植物体全窒素量に対する子実窒素量の比率で示される子実生産効率や子実タンパク生産効率は栽植密度の増加に伴ってやや低下する傾向がみられた. 4. 植物体当りの根粒着生やアセチレン還元能で示される窒素固定能は栽植密度の増加に伴って低下したが, 単位面積当りの窒素固定能は栽植密度の増加に伴って顕著に高まった. しかし, 単位根粒重当りの窒素固定能は栽植密度の違いによって大きく影響されなかった. 5. これらの結果から密植(28本/m2)と疎植(8本/m2)の場合を比較すると, 栽植密度の影響は子実収量>植物生育量(地上部>地下部)>根粒着生, 窒素固定の順に強く反映すると考えられた.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (710K) -
稲永 忍, 玖村 敦彦, 伊奈 寛, 角田 公正1985 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 273-277
発行日: 1985/08/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe present work is an attempt to evaluate the effect of dry matter production during the period from the beginning of flowering to maturity on the number of pods in a rape plant (Brassica napus L.) cv. Norin No. 16 grown in a field. The amount of dry matter production were changed by leaf cutting (at the beginning of flowering) and shading (from the beginning of flowering to maturity). The following results were obtained : 1. The number of pods per plant increased with the increment of total dry weight per plant during the period from the beginning of flowering to maturity (Fig. 1). 2. The increment of number of pods per plant depended mainly on those of the number of inflorescences of secondary branches and of the number of pods per inflorescence of each kind of branch (Figs. 2 and 4). 3. The number of inflorescences of secondary branches in each primary branch increased with the increment of total dry weight per plant (Fig. 3). 4. In each node order, the number of pods per inflorescence attached to primary or secondary branches increased with the increment of total dry weight per plant (Fig. 5 and Table 2). 5. The pods formed by dry matter production during the period from the beginning of flowering to maturity were estimated to be about 75% of the total number of pods per plant and 50% of the total number of pods per inflorescence (Figs. 1 and 4).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (595K) -
松本 哲男, 吉田 重方1985 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 278-280
発行日: 1985/08/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (351K) -
榎本 末男, 大山 勝夫1985 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 281-282
発行日: 1985/08/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (389K) -
村上 高1985 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 283-284
発行日: 1985/08/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (468K) -
林 茂一, 熊沢 喜久雄1985 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 285-287
発行日: 1985/08/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (362K) -
富田 豊雄1985 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 297-303
発行日: 1985/08/10
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (873K)
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