巻号一覧
55 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
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駱 柄山, 玖村 敦彦, 石井 龍一, 和田 義春1986 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 291-298
発行日: 1986/09/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーEffects of brassinolide (BR) on growth and developmental processes were examined in wheat plants applying the solution at various growth stages and at various concentrations. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Elongation of root, stem and leaf was not promoted by the treatment but rather a little inhibited at higher concentratiens (Fig. 1). 2. Formation of primary roots of seedling, tillers and spikelets was promoted by the BR-treatments. The number of productive tillers decreased, though that of total tillers increased by the treatments (Figs. 1∼5). 3. Heading was delayed by the BR-treatments (Fig. 4). 4. The effects of BR on ear-and grain yield were quite different depending on the growth stages at which the treatments were given. The BR-treatments before anthesis resulted in reduction of yield mainly due to decrease in productive tillers. On the other hand, the treatment during the ripening period (from anthesis to full maturity) considerably increased ear-and grain yield (in ear weight per plant, 15%) as a result of improvement in set and filling of grains, especially in inferior ones (Figs. 6, 7). 5. Photosynthesis was promoted a little by the leaf treatment of BR. However, the frequent application extending to later stages of leaf ontogeny brought about reduction of photosynthetic rates of leaves due to acceleration of senescence (Figs. 8∼10). 6. The BR-treatment scarecely affected total dry matter production (Table 2).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (806K) -
大門 弘幸, 中條 博良1986 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 299-305
発行日: 1986/09/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーSome legumes were examined on residual effect on nitrogen content of succeeding gramineous crops in pot culture using nitrogen-poor soil. The tested legumes were pea (Pisum sativum L.), broad bean (Vicia faba L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). After these legumes, corn and wheat were cultured successively. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Nitrogen content of tops was highest in broad bean and in red clover, medium in alfalfa and lowest in pea. Nitrogen contents of underground parts of alfalfa and red clover were higher than those of broad bean and pea (Table 1). 2. Nitrogen content of tops of the succeeding first crop, corn, was not proportional to the nitrogen contents of underground part of the preceding legumes. The corn following red clover produced the highest nitrogen yield, that following alfalfa or broad bean medium and that following pea the lowest (Fig. 1). 3. Nitrogen contents of tops of the succeeding second crop, corn, and of the third crop, wheat, were lower than that of the first corn. The nitrogen contents of these crops varied with the species of the preceding legumes. The nitrogen content after alfalfa was the highest, whereas that after red clover or pea was the lowest (Figs. 2 and 3). It is found from these results that legumes increase nitrogen contents of succeeding corn and wheat and that this increase varies with the species of the legumes. It is suggested that this variation is due not only to nitrogen content of legume residues after harvest but also to decay rate of the residues.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (701K) -
川島 長治1986 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 306-313
発行日: 1986/09/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーFollowing the previous paper in which the number of shoot units with or without crown roots were studied in relation to the characters of the top of rice plant, several investigations were conducted in order to clarify the relation of the number of shoot units without crown roots to absorption of nitrogen and water in the ripening stage. Greater absorption of nitrogen and water, especially the latter, occurred in the rice plants which had lesser number of shoot units without crown roots and which were caused by moulding up the lower part of stems or by GA treatment in the later growth stage. Compared with cultivar Toyonishiki, similar situation was found in cultivar Ishikari whose number of shoot units without crown roots was less numerous. From these results, it is indicated that the number of shoot units without crown roots has intimate relation to absorption of nutrient and water in the ripening stage of rice plant and is considered that cultivar whose number of leaves on the main stem is numerous has disadvantage to keep the activity of top and root in the ripening stage high, because it has more numerous shoot units without crown roots than that having less number of leaves on the main stem.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (859K) -
楠谷 彰人, 天野 高久1986 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 314-320
発行日: 1986/09/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn this paper, the varietal differences in the weather-dependent characteristics of ripening were analized for the data taken during 12 years from 1973 to 1984 at Hokkaido Prefectural Kitami Agricultural Experiment Station. The main results are summarized as follows: 1. The significant multiple correlation coefficients of ln (1-percentage of ripening grains, R) with the number of grains per square meter (N), mean temperature for 25 days before the heading date (TI) and mean temperature for 40 days after the heading date (T2) were obtained in all varieties (Table 1). Therefore, the relation between R and these 3 factors for "Onnemochi" was shown by the next formula; R=1-39.23 exp (0.3447N-0.1454T1-0.1524T2 ) The relation for "Hayakogane" was shown by the next formula; R=1-2.05 exp (0.3727N-0.027T1-0.1321T2) 2. The contribution ratios of N, T1 and T2 to R differed between varieties (Fig. 2 ). It was presumed that the contribution ratio of N was associated with the plant type and the efficiency for dry matter production. The contribution ratio of T1 was correlated with the average value of fertility percent, and that of T2 was correlated with the average value of heading date. 3. By using the above formula, the optimum number of grains to obtain the highest yield was estimated (Fig. 3). It was more than 40, 000 grains/m2 under high temperature, but less than 30, 000 grins/m2 under low temperature. From the these results, it could be concluded that the sufficient number of grains for the stable rice culture were approximate 35, 000 grains/m2 in Abashiri District. 4. The suitable heading time was earlier about 1 week as compared with the average value of heading date in all varieties (Fig. 5). This may suggest that the qualitative improvement of seedling was very important to hasten the heading and to improve the percentage of ripening grains.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (829K) -
楠谷 彰人, 天野 高久, 佐々木 右治, 小林 聡1986 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 321-326
発行日: 1986/09/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe correlation of root-system with yield components was investigated by using a leading variety "Onnemochi" grown on 21 different farmers' paddy fields in 1984. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The highest value of grain yield was 649kg/10 a, and the lowest 496kg/10 a. The number of grains per square meter (N) varied from 27, 000 to 49, 000 ; the fertility percent (FP) from 76% to 95% and the percentage of fully ripened grains to fertilized grains (KP) from 81% to 96%. Yield significantly correlated with N (Fig. 1). 2. N showed highly positive correlation with crop growth rate (CGR) and mean leaf area index (MLAI) from the panicle formation stage to the heading stage. KP was significantly correlated with net assimilation rate (NAR) from the heading stage to the milk-ripening stage (Table 1). 3. The obvious differences in the vertical distribution of root were recognized among different farmers' fields (Fig. 2.). The percentage of root that distributed within 5cm from the ground surface to total root (the ratio of upper layer root) varied 55% to 87%. The ratio of upper layer root was significantly correlated with N (Fig. 3). Partial correlation coefficient of the percentage of root that distributed below 5cm from the ground surface to total root (the ratio of lower layer root) with KP was significant assuming that N was held constant (Fig. 4). The ratio of lower layer root was also significantly correlated with FP assuming that the nitrogen content in leaf blade at the heading stage was held constant (Fig. 5). 4. The correlation coefficient of the ratio of upper layer root with NH4-N mg/100g dry soil at the panicle formation stage was significant (Fig. 6). 5. These results indicate close correlations of root-system with the number of grains, the percentages of fertilization and ripening in rice plants which are grown in Hokkaido.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (740K) -
AHMAD Sayeed, 小葉田 亨, 高見 晋一1986 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 327-332
発行日: 1986/09/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー作物の干ばつ抵抗性は, 乾燥耐性(植物体水ポテンシャルの低下にともなう生育阻害, 障害の発現程度)と, 乾燥回避性(環境の乾燥化にともなう水ポテンシャルの低下程度)とに依存するものと考えられる. 本研究は, これら2つの機構がイネ幼植物の干ばつ下における生存能力の品種間差にどのように関与しているかを明かにしようとした. 第1の実験では, 主として根圏の違いに起因する回避性の影響を除くため, 小容量(0.5 L)のポットに日本型稲4品種(水稲1, 陸稲3品種)を栽培し, 第6葉期に断水処理をおこなった. その結果, 全品種とも葉身の水ポテンシャルはほば同様に低下したにもかかわらず, 葉身の枯死程度は, 水稲が最も小さかった. 第2の実験では, 比較的大容量(4 L)のポットに, 日本型, インド型稲5品種(水稲2, 陸稲3品種)を栽培し, やはり第6葉期に断水処理をおこなった. その結果, 日本型, インド型稲とも, 陸稲の方が水稲より日中の葉身水ポテンシャルは高かったが, 生存程度には一定の傾向が見られなかった. 従って, イネ幼植物の干ばつ下における生存能力の品種間差は, (1)根圏が制限された条件下では耐性によって, (2)根圏が大きくなり得る条件下では主として回避性によってもたらされるものと結論される.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (711K) -
松本 重男, 古屋 忠彦, 松永 亮一1986 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 333-338
発行日: 1986/09/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn order to elucidate the occurrence of delayed stem maturation (DSM) plants, we investigated the frequence of DSM plants at Fukuoka, Kyushu, with early soybean varieties grown at four different regions (Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto-Tosan and Kyushu) from the north to the south in Japan. The moisture percentages and chlorophyll contents in stem and pod wall were also examined almost the harvesting maturity (95% pods brown) to evaluate the usefullness of green stem color loss as a visual indicator of DSM plant. 1. The frequence of occurrence of DSM plants decreased in the order of Hokkaido (the most northern, cool area), Kanto-Tosan, Tohoku and Kyushu (the most southern, warm area), but DSM plants appeared slightly even in Kyushu varieties. There were higher and lower frequency varieties with DSM plant regardless of the native place of variety. 2. Green color of stem and pod disappeared at about 55 percent of moisture from them. This indicated that the change of chlorophyll content in stem and pod wall was correlated with the change of their moisture content. Therefore, by visually comparing the degree of green stem color change, we can easily distinguish the difference between normal matured and DSM plants. 3. The number of pod and seed weight of DSM plant were similar to those of normal matured plant regardless of the native place of variety, indicating that the occurrence of the DSM plant was not related to yield characters (number of pod, seed weight).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (699K) -
稲永 忍, 玖村 敦彦, 稲生 英夫, 衛藤 邦男1986 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 339-344
発行日: 1986/09/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーUsing soil-cultured rape plants (Brassica napus L., cv. Norin No.16) grown in pots, intra-branch and intra-inflorescence variations in the number of seeds per pod and seed weight, and also intra-pod variations in seed weight and seed set percentage on a plancenta were investigated. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Compared on kinds of branches, mean number of seeds per pod was higher in pods on the inflorescences of main stem and of primary branches than in those on the inflorescences of secondary branches. Mean seed weight was highest in the inflorcscence of main stem, decreasing in the order of the inflorescences of primary and secondary branches (Table 1). 2. No differences in mean number of seeds per pod among the inflorescences of primary branches in any position on the main stem were detected. But, the higher primary branch position on the main stem counted upward from the base, the larger mean seed weight on the inflorescences of primary branches (Fig. 1). 3. No relationships between the number of seeds per pod and pod position on the inflorescence of each kind of branch were detected (Figs. 2, 3 and 4). On the other hand, the higher pod positions on the inflorescences of main stem, of primary branches and of secondary branches counted upward from the base, the less mean seed weights (Figs. 5, 6 and 7). 4. Seeds located near the base in a chamber had lower seed weight, but seeds located at other seed positions in a chamber had almost similar weight in a pod on the inflorescence of main stem. In pods on the inflorescences of primary and secondary braches, it seemed that seed weight increased according to the change of seed position from the base to the middle in a chamber and was nearly constant at seed positions after the middle (Fig. 8). 5. Seed set percentages on a plancenta were low at the positions near the base and the top in a pod on the inflorescence of main stem. In pods on the inflorescences of primary and secondary branches, it seemed that seed set percentage on a plancenta increased according to the change of seed position from the base to near the top in a chamber though it decreased slightly at the top in a chamber (Fig. 8)抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (659K) -
由田 宏一, 坂東 あかね, 柳沢 克忠, 後藤 寛治1986 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 345-351
発行日: 1986/09/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn soybean, TIBA treatment was reported to increase occasionally mainly due to greater pod set and/or improvement of leaf canopy shape, whereas almost no imformation is availble in azuki bean. Two azuki bean cultivars, Erimo-shozu, and Akane-dainagon which produces a larger seed and matures several days, later than Erimo-shozu, were grown in a spacing of 60×10cm in 1984 and 1985. TIBA was applied at initial flowering and at full flowering (in 1985 only) at the rate of 5g/10a and 2.5g/10a (in 1985 only). Growing season was rather dry in both experimental years, especially in 1984. 1. Main stem height was shortened remarkably and number of branches per plant and number of nodes on branches were increased by TIBA treatment at initial flowering. But these effects on branches were small or temporal and variable depending on years and cultivars (Figs. 1 and 2). Little effect was found on main stem height and branch development in the experiment where TIBA applied at full flowering. 2. The effect of TIBA on leaf area was also variable depending on years and cultivars. However, in general, leaf area index in TIBA treated plants, although it became higher temporally soon after the treatment in some cases, lower than those in control plants through reproductive period. The dry weight changes were generally similar to those of leaf area. Even in the early stage of seed development TIBA applied at initial flowering did not enhance the distribution of dry matter to seed (Fig. 3). 3. TIBA treatment resulted in vertical leaf structure of plant comunity unfavorable for light intercepting efficiency (Fig. 4), because the upper internodes on main stem became short and petioles moved downward, curved or distorted. Such abnormal arrangement of petioles and leaves was observed more frequently with 5g/10a TIBA treatment at both initial and full flowering. 4. Number of pods and number of seeds per pod were decreased by TIBA treatment mainly on main stem, although 100-seed weight was slightly increased (Tables 1 to 3). Although the extent of response was different in yield components, seed yield finally decreased by TIBA treatment irrespective of years, cultivars, and application methods (Table 4). Thus, in azuki bean, the effects of TIBA on growth and yield are considerably different from soybean reported previously. Plant form modified by TIBA treatment seemed to be unfavorable for photosysthesis, and probably this resulted in retard of reproductive growth. However, it is also probable that TIBA gave direct effect on the flowering and/or fertilization in azuki bean since decrease occurred in both pod number and seeds per pod.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (760K) -
根本 圭介, 山崎 耕宇1986 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 352-359
発行日: 1986/09/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーAlong the successive "shoot units" (abbreviated as SUs) of main axes of rice plants, the radial and the axial growths of stem parts were examined in relation to the diameters and the number of primary roots formed on them. The root forming zone (designated as the circumference of stem vascular cylinder, on which primary roots initiate) of each SU reached its final diameter successively from the 5th SU upwards to the 10th, in accordance with the plant development. In each SU, the later thickening period of the root forming zone coincided with that of the root primordia from the initiation to the attainment of their final diameters. And the diameters of matured primary roots were closely correlated with the concomitant increase in the diameter of the root forming zone of the same SU. From the 11th SU to the 13th, however, root forming zones reached their final diameters at the same time which coincided with the beginning time of the remarkable internode elongation. Consequently, their final diameters tended to decrease acropetally along the successive SUs. The similar tendency to decrease towards the 13th SU was observed in the diameters of primary roots. From these results, it is inferred that a causal correlation might exist between the diameter of root forming zone and those of primary roots formed on it. Throughout the SUs mentioned above, there was a close correlation between the number of primary roots and the size of the root forming zone at the time of primary root initiation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (777K) -
今井 勝, 市橋 卓也1986 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 360-366
発行日: 1986/09/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー低緯度地方のマイナークロップとして栽培されている食用カンナの光合成, 物質生産に関する研究はほとんどなされていない. 本報告では研究の第一段階である, 光環境に対する適応性を知ることを主眼として, 人工気象室内で異なる光強度の下に栽培された植物につき, 個葉のガス交換特性を検討した. 得られた結果の大要は次の通りである. 1. みかけの光合成の適温は28℃前後であった. 2. 強光(650μEm-2s-1PPFD)下で生育した植物は, 開葉後3日目でガス交換速度が最大に達し(1000μEm-2s-1PPFD下で光飽和せず, 光合成23.0mgCO2dm-2h-1, 蒸散2.2gH2 Odm-2h<-1>), 以後漸減した弱光(290μEm-2s-1PPFD)下で生育した植物は, ガス交換速度が最大に達するのに強光下の場合よりもやや時間を要したが, 光合成能力はかなり高かった(20.8mgCO2dm-2h-1). 3. ガス交換の主要な場は葉の背軸面であり, 強光条件下では向・背軸面の気孔密度(約1:3)に比例した値が得られたが, 弱光下では向軸面の割合が極端に減少した. 4. 食用カンナはガス交換の面から, 耐陰性の優れた陽生値物とみなされ, 幅広い光環境下での栽培可能性が示唆された.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (701K) -
伊藤 亮一, 玖村 敦彦1986 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 367-373
発行日: 1986/09/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー短期と長期の水不足がダイズの生長に対してどのような影響を与えるかを乾物生産と分配の面から検討した. 得られた結果の大要は, 以下の通りである. 1. 葉面積/根の乾物重比は, 水不足下で小さく高水分下で大きかった. 土壌水分が一方から他方へ変化すると, その比は, すばやく新しい条件に対応するように変化した. 2. 水不足の期間が短い場合は葉面積と茎の生長は著しく抑えられた. また葉への乾物の分配率が低くなり, 茎へのそれが高くなった. 相対生長率(RGR)と純同化率(NAR)が著しく低下した. 3. 水不足の期間が長くなると, 葉面積と茎の生長はかなり回復した. 葉への乾物の分配率, RGR, NARも相当程度回復した. 4. 以上のことから, 乾物生産の上で水不足への馴化が起きていること, この馴化は光合成機能と葉の展開過程における馴化とを基礎にしていることが示された.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (735K) -
伊藤 亮一, 玖村 敦彦1986 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 374-378
発行日: 1986/09/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーダイズの葉の光合成能力の水不足に対する馴化を検討するために以下のような土壌水分処理を行った. 給水を停止して, 土壌水分レベルが低くなった後, それをほぼ一定に保った. その間に, 光合成, 葉と葉肉のCO2の拡散コンダクタンス(gl, gm), 水分状態を, 定まった葉位について測定した. 1. 土壌水分が減少するにつれて, みかけの光合成速度(APS)は, 急激に減少した. しかし, 水不足の期間が長くなるとAPSは一定程度回復した. 2. このAPSの回復は, (1)葉の水分状態と, (2)低水分状態での葉の光合成活性の回復をもとにしていた. 後者の回復はgl, gmの回復をもとにしていた.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (512K) -
徐 錫元, 太田 保夫1986 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 379-380
発行日: 1986/09/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (347K) -
下山 淳1986 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 381-382
発行日: 1986/09/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (409K) -
梁取 昭三1986 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 383-384
発行日: 1986/09/05
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (496K)
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