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Volume 64, Issue 2
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
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Eiji TSUZUKI, Atushi SHIMAZAKI, Losavati Urucala NAIVALULEVU, Kazuo TO ...1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 195-200
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTaro (Colocasia esculenta Schott) is one of the most important upland crops in Miyazaki prefecture. A field survey elucidated that continuous crop reduced top weight and tuber yield to 50 and 59% compared with planting during the first year. The results of analysis of chemical and biological properties of the soils, which were continuously planted with taro and rotated with other crops showed that there were little differences in chemical properties, such as carbon and nitrogen contents, available phosphoric acid, and so on, and in nematoda. In the soil with continuous cropping of taro the dry weight of turnip significantly reduced compared to soil rotated with other crops, and soil which contained extract solution from taro plant showed reduced length of hypocotyl and radicle of radish to 87 and 68% compared with control. Methanol extracts from soil with and from taro shoots and residues of taro also inhibited elengation of hypocotyl and radicle of turnip remarkably. The results obtained suggest that the growth inhibitors in taro might be connected with injury by continuous cropping.View full abstractDownload PDF (662K) -
Fumiaki SEKIZUKA, Akihiro NOSE, Yoshinobu KAWAMITSU, Seiichi MURAYAMA, ...1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 201-208
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of growth day length on gas exchange characteristics were investigated in a crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant, Dendrobium Ekapol cv. Panda. Long (16h) and short (10h) day lengths were treated for 57 to 60 days in a growth chamber set at day/night temperatures of 30/25°C. As a control, plants were grown under natural conditions (light period was 12h). The data showed that the diurnal CO2 exchange of D.Ekapol was classified as typical crassulacean acid metabolism type, an obligate CAM. The CO2 balance of each phase was affected by the day length treatments. The CO2 balances of short-day-length grown plants were increased in phase 1, whereas those of long-day-length grown plants were increased in phases 2 and 4. The CO2 balance of whole day and diurnal malate fluctuation was increased in natural and short-day-length grown plants. The activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase did not response to the day length treatments. However, susceptibility of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase to malate was detected clearly in phase 4 and at the beginning of phase 1 under different day length. It was suggested that the difference between treatments was related to the changes in the CO2 exchange rate in those phases.View full abstractDownload PDF (982K) -
Kenji HIRAO, Fumitake KUBOTA, Waichi AGATA, Xiang Fu SONG1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 209-215
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLeaf photosynthetic rate (Pl) of Shanyou 63 (SLI), a Chinese F1 hybrid cultivar with exceedingly high yield, was evaluated in comparison with those of two Japanese leading pure-line cultivars (JC), Nipponbare and Koshihikari. The three cultivars were grown in pots from early to pre-heading stage. Stomatal and mesophyll conductances, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBP-Case) activity were measured. The results obtained are as follows : 1) Pl of SH was constantly higher than those of JC through the growth stage. Particularly at the early growth stage, the difference in Pl between SH and JC was Large: SH and JC showed 26.98 and 21.15 μmolm-2s-1, respectively. 2) The high Pl of SH at the earlly growth stage depended on both high stomatal and mesophyll conductances, while at the pre-heading stage the high mesophyll conductance was the main cause of increasing Pl. 3) Contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein of SH were significantly lower than those of JC, and there was no significant difference in RuBPCase activity between cultivars. 4) Thus SH, having low contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein in leaf, had a high Pl and maintained an almost similar level to those of JC in RuBPCase activity. A higher efficiency in nitrogen use for photosynthesis is one of the features observed in this cultivar.View full abstractDownload PDF (868K) -
Hengji CUI, Runzi JIN, Yoji TAKEOKA1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 216-220
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInvestigations were carried out on the characters of rachilets, grains and grain weight per panicle of the growing rice plant cv. Shimokita under different planting density and nitrogen fertilizer norm conditions during the maturity stage of growth. The large vascular bundle (LVB), and small vascular bundle (SVB) of the panicle neck internode (PNI) and partial different internode were examined under a microscope. Analysing the above date with various statistical methods, the change in LVB number of PNI and its relationship with rachilets, grains or grain weight were determined. The average numbers of LVB and SVB were 9.0 and 16.5, and the variable range were 5-13 and 11-22, respectively. The frequency distribution of these attributes in the 1st internode and itscoefficient variation was significantly larger that the other internodes. The number of LVB and SVB in PNI appeared to positively correlated ; the former with the primary rachilets having a correlation coefficient (CC) of 0.894 and the latter with the secondary rachilets a CC of 0.764. The LVB and SVB of the PNI exhibited a significantly higher positive correlation with the total grains at a CC of 0.955 and 0.850, respectively. The number of LVB and SVB of the PNI increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer norm. The number of LVB and SVB of the PNI decreased with increasing planting densities.View full abstractDownload PDF (718K) -
Seiji ITO, Akiko SATO, Tsuguhiro HOSHINO1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 221-226
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThirty Tonoku and 30 foreign wheat cultivars were grown under the same cultured condition, and grain and flour qualities were analyzed based on the hard and soft classification of wheats. Grain and flour qualities of the hard wheats were different from the soft wheats. Some factors differed between hard and soft wheats. For examination of grain and flour quality of wheat cultivar, it is necessary that cultivars be classified by hardness. It was suggested that milling characteristics were related to the ash content of grain. The relationship between milling characteristics and protein content of grain was not significant. In both the hard and soft wheats, the correlation coeffecient between flour yield and flour color was significantly positive. In is suggested that higher flour yield wheat always ameliorate flour color. In the hard wheats. the correlation coefficient between ash content and flour color of A flour was significantly negative. It is shown that the selection of low ash content wheat cultivars improved flour color. In neither group the protein content of A flour was correlated with flour color. In the hard wheats, the sedimentation tests were negatively correlated with ash content. It is suggested that there is a negative correlation between the bread quality and ash content.View full abstractDownload PDF (751K) -
Yoshinori YAMAMOTO, Hiroshi KUROKAWA, Youji NITTA, Tetsushi YOSHIDA1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 227-234
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing high tillering semidwarf indica, IR36, and panicle type and low-til1ering japonica, Koganenishiki (KN), varietal differences of tillering response to shading and nitrogen (N) levels were studied in respect to dry matter production. Though the number of tillers in both varieties grown under conditions combined three shading (0, 44, 7%) and three N (10, 20, 40ppm) levels reduced in proportion to lowering light intensity and N level, the maximum tiller number of IR36 in each plot was 2-2.5 times higher than KN, and the ratio to control plot (no-shading and 20 ppm N) was higher in IR36 than KN, especially in the highest shading plot. These results show that IR36 has stable tillering ability in comparison with KN, irrespective of environmental conditions. The number of tillers in both varieties increased in proportion to increasing the top dry matter production, but that at the same top weight was higher in IR36 than KN. This varietal difference was based on the higher dry matter partitioning ratio to tillers in IR36 and it was almost the same in the no-shading plot in KN and in the 77% shading plot in IR36. On the other hand, fluctuation in the number of tillers by shading and N levels in both varieties was brought about through the amount of dry matter production.View full abstractDownload PDF (835K) -
Fumiaki SEKIZUKA, Yoshinobu KAWAMITSU, Akihiro NOSE, Seiichi MURAYAMA, ...1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 235-242
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of water stress on gas exchange characteristics were investigated in a crassulacean acid metabolism plant, Dendrobium Ekapol cv. Panda when water was withheld from pot. The diurnal CO2 exchange rate, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity, malate content, leaf water potential and relative water content were measured at O, 3, 7, 14, 21 days from the beginning of treatment. The data showed that the diurnal CO2 exchange of D. Ekapol was rapidly changed after starting of treatment, that is, CO2 uptake of phase 4 disappeared and those of phases 1 and 2 decreased by half. In addition even though plants were exposed to such a long series of water stress, the CO2 exchange rate maintained a positive value. It was indicated that D. Ekapol had strong tolerance to drought as a crassulacean acid metabolism plant. The CO2 balances of each phase were decreased quickly when leaf water potential was decreased frim -0.38 to - 0.4MPa, it was recognized that the response of CO2 exchange was sensitive to a slight change of leaf water potential. Non-stomatal factors in CO2 fixation were not damaged by water stress due to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity was increased. The close correlation was observed between leaf conductance and CO2 exchange rate in each phase, therefore, it was suggested that CO2 exchange under water stress was controlled more by stomata than biochemistry in mesophyll cell.View full abstractDownload PDF (867K) -
Kazuo TERASHIMA, Shigemi AKITA, Nagao SAKAI1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 243-250
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo elucidate the relationship between root distribution in each soil layer and root lodging tolerance, the effects of root prunning and the laying of porous membrane (non-woven fabric) between topsoil and subsoil layer on pushing resistance were investigated using two root lodging tolerant USA rice cultivars (M-302 and Lemont) and two susceptible Japanese cultivars (Nipponbare and Hatsuboshi). Although pushing resistance was affected by root prunning to 5 cm under soil surface with inserting the steel plate, the reduction was more pronounced and significant when roots were pruned to a 1O cm depth. In addition, a remarkable decrease in pushing resistance was observed when a porous membrane was laid under the topsoil. This decrease was larger in the lodging-tolerant USA cultivars than susceptible Japanese cultivars. Comparison between the variances of pushing resistance and root dry weight induced by each treatment indicated that the contribution of unit root weight to lodging tolerance was higher in deeper (including subsoil)than in shallower soil layers. In the pot experiment, pushing resistance per unit dry weight of root was higher in rice plants grown on soil with higher bulk density than with lower bulk density. These results confirmed that the higher ability of root formation in rice into subsoil with a higher bulk density was one of the important characteristics for root lodging tolerance.View full abstractDownload PDF (889K) -
Takeshi YAMAGUCHI, Yukindo TSUNO, Junichi NAKANO, Koji MIKI1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 251-258
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe same seedlings of three rice cultivars were transplanted into both paddy fields, experimental fields of Tottori University (Koyama) and skillful farmer's field (Hojo), and given their respective manuring practice. Hojo plants kept a high level nitrogen content in leaves (LN%) until harvest time because the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in Hojo was two to three times greater. The weight of whole brown rice of Hojo plants at 15 days after the full heading date (FHD) was lighter than that of Koyama rice plants. The causes of this different in brown rice weight were studied on concerning factors, leaf area per spikelet (F/spikelet), LN% and ammonium concentration in brown rice. The relationship between F/spikelet and increasing rate of weight of whole brown rice had a positive correlation throughout the grain filling period. At 15 days after FHD, the correlation between LN% and the weight of whole brown rice was negative comparing among plants of F/spikelet levels. The weight of whole brown rice at 15 and 30 days after FHD showed a highly negative correlation with the ammonium concentration in the brown rice which was closely related to LN%. Therefore, it seemed that the grain filling of Hojo plants was delayed by the ammonium concentration in brown rice increased due to excessive high LN% at the early ripening period. The F/spikelet supporting the increase of grain filling had high correlation with LN%, and the relation between F/spikelet and root respiratory rate was highly positive. Therefore, the amount of F/spikelet was sustained with a high root respiratory rate, supported by root nitrogen and sugar content, throughout the ripening period.View full abstractDownload PDF (918K) -
Kuniyuki SAITOH, Makoto KIKUIRI, Kuni ISHIHARA1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 259-265
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarietal differences in leaf movement of soybean plants were compared among 29 cultivars grown in the field. Large differences in terminal leaflet inclination angle (β) of each cultivar, measured during the daytime, were observed ranging from 10 to 65 degrees on Aug. 8th ; and from 25 to 80 degrees on Sept. 4th in 1984. Inclination angles of cultivar were not always parallel to each measurement. However, 'Miedaizu' showed the least degree in both measurements. The differences of. diurnal changes in β were compared between two cultivars, 'Miedaizu' and 'Enrei', in 1985. β began to increase in the early morning and reached a maximum between 9 and 11 a.m., followed by a gradual decrease towards evening. 'Miedaizu' had a smaller β throughout the daytime compared with 'Enrei'. In both varieties, leaf movements became more active from the vegetative stage towards the reproductive stage. Diurnal variations in relative light intensity were observed in the upper layers of the canopy and its degree of change was smaller for 'Miedaizu' than for 'Enrei'. The leaf xylem water potentials during the daytime in 'Miedaizu' was 0.1 MPa lower than 'Enrei'. These results suggest that sunlight penetrates into the soybean canopy through the active leaf movement and this plays an important role in the avoidance of water stress.View full abstractDownload PDF (784K) -
Philbert BONILLA, Tatsuya HIRAI, Hitoshi NAITO, Mikio TSUCHIYA1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 266-272
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of the study was to investigate the possibility of inducing salt-tolerance in rice by pretreatment with low concentrations of NaCl. At the 6th leaf stage, salt tolerant Kala Rata 1-24 (KRI) and Bhura Rata, and salt susceptible Taichung 65 and IR28 were pretreated with 0, 9, 18, 52 mmol 1-1 NaCl for 14d, then, growth was analyzed after transferring to 0, 18, 52 and 104 mmol 1-1 NaCl for 7d. The amount of accumulated Na and cell-wall constituents of the leaf blades, sheaths and stems, and roots of KR1 and IR28 were analyzed. Moreover, the transpiration stream concentration factor (TSCFNa+) of sodium was observed in KR1. The results showed that, except for IR28, the pretreated plants exhibited increased salt tolerance as measured in terms of dry weight increase. The response to pretreatment and the subsequent increase in salt tolerance depended on the variety and on the pretreatment NaCl concentrations. The increase in the capability to grow in high salinity was attributed to the ability of pretreated seedlings to reduce and/of regulate the Na ion accumulation in the shoots and roots. At the same amount of transpiration, the TSCFNa+ of pretreated KR1 was lower than that of the control plant, which implies an increase in the ion exclusion capacity of the roots. In relation, an increase in the amount of lignin in shoot and cellulose in roots were found in pretreated KR1, while cell-wall constituents of IR28 were almost unaffected by pretreatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (758K) -
Enhanced Nitrogen Fixation Capabilities of Soybean Rhizobia by Inter- and Intra-specific Cell FusionEl Gaali EISA, Kazuhiko MAETA, Nobuhiro MORI, Yutaka KITAMOTO1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 273-280
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA procedure for protoplast isolation and regeneration in rhizobia has been established. The use of 1% N-laurylsarcosine in pre-washing of the cells facilitated the cellular lysis by incubation for 1 hr in a reaction solution composed of Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) containing 0.6 M MgSO4 and 5 mg/ml lysozyme. Exchanging of the solution at the half-way point of the reaction led to sufficient protoplast formation. The prepared protoplasts could regenerate at rates ranging from 3×10-2 to 6.4×10-3. The polyethylene glycol treatment was adopted for inter- and intra-specific fusion of protoplasts. The fused protoplasts between rhizobia with two different auxotrophic markers were regenerated by plating in a soft agar layer of a minimum medium containing 0.6 M mannitol at the regeneration rate of 10-7 levels. After the several dozens of repeated subcultures the intra-specific fusion products between Bradyrhizobium japonicum and the inter-specific fusion products of B. japonicum with Sinorhizobium fredii were found capable of forming nodules against the host plant in the pot experiment. The number of nodules produced by some of the intra-specific fusion products, after repeated subcultures, was 1.5 times higher than in the parental stocks. Besides, more than twice the nitrogenase activity was detected in the nodules of some of the intra- and inter-specific fusion products. These results suggested that production of highly effective nitrogen fixing strains by cell-fusion technique is possible.View full abstractDownload PDF (886K) -
Katsunori ISOBE, Makie KOKUBUN, Yoshio TSUBOKI1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 281-287
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe characteristics of pod set and seed growth as affected by raceme order were investigated to determine the yield-determining process of soybean. Observations of racemes were made on the 4th, 7th, 10th, 13th and terminal nodes of the main stem of three cultivars (Indeterminate type : Harosoy ; Determinate types : Enrei, Tamahomare). Pod-setting ratio and dry seed weight reduced in higher-order racemes, while the number of seeds in a pod did not vary among raceme orders. The lower seed weight of higher-order racemes was due to the short seed growth period. Compound leaves of secondary racemes enhanced the seed growth but not the pod-setting. With the highest node of determinate types, seed dry weight and rate of dry matter accumulation (RDA) of primary racemes exceeded those of terminal racemes, suggesting that more competition for assimilates among racemes occurred in terminal racemes. The results indicate that, regardless of growth habits, the lower the raceme order, the higher the number of pods and the pod-setting ratio. Seeds derived from lower-order racemes accounted for the majority of the yield. Hence, pod-setting and seed growth of lower-order racemes are more important than those of higher-order racemes in determining soybean yield.View full abstractDownload PDF (739K) -
Evaluation of Preparation Methods for Scanning Electron Microscopic Observation of Plant ProtoplastsTadahiko SATO, Oh Chang KWON, Hiroshi MIYAKE, Takeshi TANIGUCHI, Eizo ...1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 288-293
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreparation methods for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were studied with petunia and rice protoplasts. Fixation schedules to sustain protoplast size during alcohol dehydration were examined. When the different fixations were compared, the decrease in protoplast volume was observed to a variable extent during the dehydration process. The extent of volume decrease was reduced in order of glutaraldehyde, glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide, and glutaraldehyde-tannic acid-osmium tetroxide schedules. When fixed only with glutaraldehyde, the green color of the chloroplast in petunia leaf protoplasts was lost during alcohol dehydration. Well-defined scanning electron micrographs of petunia and rice protoplasts were obtained using a glutaraldehyde-tannic acid-osmium tetroxide schedule.View full abstractDownload PDF (756K) -
Shinji SHIMADA, Makie KOKUBUN, Shigeo MATSUI1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 294-303
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to obtain physiological information for the increasing yield of soybeans at drained paddy fields by controlling the water table level. We studied the effects of various water table levels using lysimeter (15cm∼100cm constant, fluctuation, no-irrigation) on leaf chlorophyll content, root growth and yield of soybeans grown on alluvial soil, which is a major soil type in the soybean producing area in Japan. Experiments were carried out in 1991 (wet year) and 1992 (dry year) at Tsukuba (1991, 1992) and Fukuyama (1992). Effects of water table on chlorophyll contents varied with leaf position on the main stem. The lower leaves contained more chlorophyll when the plants were grown at lower water table. The upper leaves responded in the same way as lower leaves in wet year, whereas the chlorophyll content was highest at a 40cm depth in dry year. The root length densities in each soil layer were also affected by water table : two peaks of root length density (upper layer and just above the water table) were observed in the 7Ocm-depth treatment, whereas the peak was observed only at the uppermost layer in the 20cm or 40cm depth treated plots. The effects of water table on yield seem to be affected by the amount of rainfall. The highest yield was brought in by 70cm-depth water table treatment in wet year, and by 40cm in dry year. Fluctuation of water table reduced yield. The results indicate that for getting a higher yield of soybeans at drained paddy field, it is important to maintain water table at a suitable level, which should be adjusted according to rainfall.View full abstractDownload PDF (969K) -
Makoto MAESAKO, Yoshio SANO, Jun INOUYE1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 304-309
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing 747 varieties of Asian deepwater rice (Oryza sativa) and 112 strains of wild rice including O.rufipogon. O, nivara, and their intermediates, the position of the lowest elongated internode (LEI) and the elongation ability under rising water conditions at a rate of 2 cm and 4 cm per day were examined. The wild rice strains were distinguishable as both erect and creeping strains at the 8th leaf stage and both types were equally frequent. When creeping seedlings were submerged in water, even the seedling with most creeping growth stood nearly erect at around five days after submerging treatment. The average LEI position was about one internode higher in the wild rice, while in the creeping wild rice it was one internode higher than in the erect type. The range of the LEI position among the wild rice strains was nearly the same with that among the deepwater rice varieties. These results show that the age at which plants begin to elongate their internodes seems to be nearly the same between the both rices. Under rising water conditions, on the contrary, elongation ability of most wild rice strains was inferior to that of deepwater rice. In wild rice strains with poor elongation ability, both length of leaf sheath and leaf blade and/or each internode length was shorter than in the deepwater rice.View full abstractDownload PDF (666K) -
Kunio 0KANO, Shinya KOMAKI, Kiyoshi MATSUO, Daisuke HIROSE, Jiro TATSU ...1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 310-316
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCanopy photosynthesis in mature tea bush was analyzed at late autumn in order to determine the canopy depth effective for photosynthesis. Relative light intensity inside the bush declined exponentially, and became less than 1% at 10 cm below canopy surface. The leaves in the internal parts of the bush showed the typical features of shade-leaves, that had adapted to a low-light environment. Estimation of canopy photosynthesis based on light distribution in the bush and the light-photosynthesis curve of each of the leaves suggested that most canopy photosynthesis might be conducted by the surface leaves of the bush and that leaves more than 1O cm below the canopy surface could receive light around the compensation point. The photosynthetic ability of the different leaf layer was directly evaluated by labelling the tea bush with 13CO2 and by harvesting each leaf layer with a modifled stratified clip method. Direct measurement of 13C incorporation into various leaf layers indicated that 85% of canopy photosynthesis was carried out by the leaf layers as far as 5 cm below the surface and that leaf layers more than 10 cm below the surface contributed only less than 3% of canopy photosynthesis. From these results, it was concluded that the canopy depth effective to photosynthesis was approximately 10 cm in mature tea bush at late autumn when the growth of shoots was in rest.View full abstractDownload PDF (792K) -
Tomoyuki YUKAWA, Yoshiaki WATANABE, Shinro YAMAMOTO1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 317-322
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the relationship between fructans and snow tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Minorimugi), changes in fructans and fructan hydrolase were studied at 3°C in darkness and after the treatment. Concentration of fructans in basal stem decreased under the treatment, while activities of phleinase (β-2, 6 fructan hydrolase) and inulinase (β-2, 1 fructan hydrolase) remained constant. Inulinase activity was higher than phleinase. During the recovery at 20°C under light condition after the cold-dark treatment, phleinase activity increased rapidly and decreased thereafter. The concentration of fructans was inversely related to the activity of phleinase, while inulinase remained at a low level. Functions of inulinase and phleinase under snow and after thaw were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (656K) -
Kiyochika HOSHIKAWA, Juliarni1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 323-327
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the growth of apios (Apios americana Medikus) under field conditions, the sequential increase in the dry weights of shoot and underground part from April to November 1993 was monitored. Seed tubers weighing 3-4 g (fresh weight) were planted in a Tohoku University experimental field. The emergence of buds on the ground occurred 30 days after planting (DAP). Dry weights of vine and leaf increased progressively 98 days after planting, reached a maximum by 168 DAP, and then declined for the remainder of the growing season. The initiation of new tubers along the rhizomes took place by 68 DAP, but progressive enlargement occurred after maximum shoot growth or after the peak of flowering. The growth of new tubers might have stopped as the plant wilted by 217 DAP. Seed tuber (mother tuber) of apios did not degenerate. Its dry weight gradually decreased until maximum shoot growth, and then increased when tuber growth became predominant. The weight of the seed tuber at the end of the growth was similar to that at planting. It was suggested that these results could be used as a basis of knowledge on apios growth which would be of use in its cultivation.View full abstractDownload PDF (572K) -
Development and Rooting Capacity of Rice Nursling Seedlings Grown under Different Raising ConditionsKiyochika HOSHIKAWA, Ryouji SASAKI, Kan HASEBE1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 328-332
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo reduce the raising period of rice nursling seedling and to obtain enough plant length (7 cm) for mechanical transplanting, nursling seedlings were raised under different light conditions and for different raising periods. The length of nursling seedlings which was raised in the dark (yellow nursling seedlings ; YNS) for 7 days was 9.6 cm long. While that raised in the natural light (green nursling seedlings ; GNS) for 2 days at 25°C and then placed in a vinil house for 3 days was 5.5 cm long. The length of YNS raised for 4 days was 4.1 cm, which is not the adequate size required for mechanical transplanting. The differences between root numbers as well as that between the longest root length of YNS and GNS at 5 and 10 days after transplanting were not significant. The amount of dry weight increase of YNS until 10 days after transplanting was lower than that of GNS. There was high correlation (r=0.984) between the increase of dry weight and consumption of endosperm nutrient for all kinds of seedlings. In all treatments, a high correlation (r=0.994) was also observed between the increase of total dry weight and consumption of endosperm nutrient until 5 days after transplanting. The growth and development of seedlings at this interval depended on the nutrient in the endosperm. Based on these results, yellow nursling seedling might have been used as rice seedling.View full abstractDownload PDF (610K) -
Haruhiko YAMAMOTO, Yoshinori SUZUKI, Seiji HAYAKAWA1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 333-335
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (393K) -
Toshiaki MATSUDA, Hiromichi HARA, Kouichi KASHIWABA, Nobuo CHONAN1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 336-337
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (466K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 338-342
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (862K) -
[in Japanese]1995 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 343-344
Published: June 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (459K)
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