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Volume 66 (1997)
- Issue 4 Pages 531-
- Issue 3 Pages 369-
- Issue 2 Pages 177-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
- Issue Supplement2 Pag･･･
Volume 66, Issue 2
Displaying 1-26 of 26 articles from this issue
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Morio MATSUZAKI, Masakazu TOYODA1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 177-182
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo obtain basic data for the change in wheat grain quality with ripening in the Tokachi district of Hokkaido, Japan, we examined the changes in dry weight, water content and water percentage in developing grain using two winter and two spring wheat cultivars in 1992 and 1993. The time of maximum grain dry matter accumulation (Tmax), when grain dry weight was not different significantly (P<0.01) from its maximum, was estimated by analysis of variance. The change in grain dry weight varied for years and cultivars. The Tmax was 30 to 36 days after anthesis for the spring cultivars harvested in 1992 and the winter cultivars in 1992 and 1993, but it was 42 to 45 days for the spring cultivars harvested in 1993. For the spring cultivars harvested in 1993, the change in grain dry weight was probably affected by low temperatures, and the grain dry weight increased slightly after Tmax. However, the grain dry weight did not increase after Tmax for the other cases. In all cases, the grain water content held almost constant until Tmax, and then decreased rapidly thereafter. From the changes in grain dry weight and water content, it is believed that grain dry matter accumulation ceased at Tmax, because grain dry matter accumulation ceased with the rapid decrease in grain water content. The grain water percentages were approximately 40% of Tmax for all cultivars and years examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (733K) -
Morio MATSUZAKI, Masakazu TOYODA1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 183-188
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examined the change in flour quality with wheat grain development. Two winter wheat cultivars and two spring cultivars were harvested at 3-day intervals after anthesis in 1992 and 1993 in the Tokachi district of Hokkaido, Japan. Flour that extracted 60% of the grain weight was used for measurements. Whiteness and brightness, which were measured as the reflectance of flour paste at 455 and 554nm, respectively, increased with grain dry weight until the time of maximum grain dry matter accumulation (Tmax). For specific surface area and sedimentation value, which are connected to protein quality, the changes depended on the cultivars. For spring cultivars, Haru-yutaka and Haru-hikari, the specific surface area changed little, while sedimentation value increased until Tmax. For the winter cultivars, Chihoku-komugi and Takune-komugi, on the other hand, both the specific surface area and sedimentation value decreased with grain development. The change in maximum viscosity, which was attributed partly to climatic conditions, depended on both the year and cultivar. These results show that many flour qualities improve with grain development until Tmax, at which time the grain water percentage is about 40%, but quality does not improve thereafter. Therefore, it is believed that wheat can be harvested after the grain water percentage decreases less than 40%, at least in the Tokachi district of Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (703K) -
Yuji MATSUE, Koji ODAHARA, Michikazu HIRAMATSU1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 189-194
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was carried out to establish cultivation techniques that improve the eating-quality of rice grown in Andosol (AL) paddy fields by the modification of nitrogen fertilizer application and the application of zeolite to supress nitrogen absorption. The rice produced in the AL paddy fields, with a cultivation method that omits the second top-dressing of nitrogen at the panicle formation stage, and zeolite application under standard nitrogen fertilizer application was equally palatable as that produced in Gray Lowland soil (GL) under the same weather conditions, where rice with good palatability is produced under standard nitrogen fertilizer applications. In AL soil, the rice protein content decreased, but the yield did not decrease as compared with that produced under standard nitrogen fertilizer applications. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that the production of highly palatable rice in AL paddy fields is possible by reducing the levrel of nitrogen absorption. To improve the eating-quality of rice grown in AL paddy fields without reducing the yeild, it is recommended that the application of the second top-dressing nitrogen at panicle formation stage be omitted from the standard application method, or that 1kgm-2 zeolite be applied under the standard fertilizer application method.View full abstractDownload PDF (740K) -
Shigenori MORITA, Yoshikazu HAGISAWA, Jun ABE1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 195-201
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBecause the framework of a root system in rice consists of nodal roots which emerge from the stem part of the phytomers, the number and size of the phytomers could affect the morphology of the root system. Three rice cultivars, IR36, Lemont and Koshihikari were grown in pots for 60 days, and the total number of phytomers per plant and mean size of the phytomers were developmentally calculated from the total number of leaves and shoot dry weight. The total root length, total root weight and their components, namely the number and 'mean length' of the nodal roots, were also measured. The total root length and total root weight increased exponentially with time and linearly with the increase of the number of phytomers, while the coefficients of linear lines differed among the cultivars. There seemed to be a common, intimate positive correlation between the number of phytomers and number of nodal roots among the three cultivars, and also between the size of the phytomers and 'mean length' of the nodal roots. These results suggest that the varietal difference in the number and size of phytomers could explain the difference in the root morphology of rice cultivars.View full abstractDownload PDF (863K) -
Akira FUKUSHIMA, Shigemi AKITA1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 202-207
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe initiation of leaves and the width of tiller buds on rice plants were compared between japonica type cv. Musashikogane, Lemont and indica type cv. IR36, Takanari. The number of initiated leaves was defined by the growth pattern of the leaf primordium. In order to elucidate the relationship between the initiation of the leaves of tiller bud and those of the main stem, the index expressed by the difference in the number of initiated leaves of tiller buds against those of the main stem (DIL) were calculated based on Katayama's concept of the tillering system. The DILs of the N-th tiller bud increased while the number of emerged leaves of the main stem increased from (N+0.5) to (N+1.5), and then became constant. All through this period, the DILs were larger in the indica type than the japonica type at most tillering positions on the main stem. The width of the N-th tiller bud against the diameter of the stem to which the tiller bud was attached was larger in the indica type than the japonica type when the number of emerged leaves of the main stem was N. These results imply that the development of tiller buds in comparison with that of the main stem is faster in the indica type than the japonica type, and these varietal differences of the development of tiller buds occur in the early process of the development of tiller buds.View full abstractDownload PDF (750K) -
Satoshi SHIMAMURA, Toshihiro MOCHIZUKI, Jun INOUYE1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 208-213
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the young seedlings of nine leguminous species grown under upland and excessive moisture conditions for about two weeks, formation of the lysigeneous intercellular space in adventitious roots was investigated. Basal portions of the adventitious roots which were longer than 5 cm in length were fixed and stored in a solution of FAA. The materials were embedded in paraffin and cross sections 12μm thick were prepared. Under the upland condition, a lysigeneous intercellular space in the cortex of the adventitious roots was not clearly obseved in any leguminous species used. Under the excessive moisture condition, on the other hand, lysigeneous intercellular spaces in the cortex were clearly observed in soybean (Glycine max Merr.), wild soybean (G. soja Sieb. et Zucc.), adzuki bean (Vigna angularis Ohwi et Ohashi), black gram (V. mungo Hepper), mung bean (V. radiata R. Wilczek) and rice bean (V. umbellata Ohwi et Ohashi), while no lysigeneous intercellular space was observed in the hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab L.), kidney bean (Phaseolous unlgaris L.) or cowpea (V. sinensis Endl.). Under the excessive moisture conditon, lysigeneous intercellular spaces were observed in all of the adventitious roots of soybean, black gram and rice bean plants. However, in wild soybean, adzuki bean and mung bean, some adventitious roots had lysigeneous intercellular spaces while some roots didn't.View full abstractDownload PDF (1588K) -
Takefumi OGATA, Yuji MATSUE1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 214-220
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe aimed to clarify the palatability and physicochemical properties of milled rice under direct sowing Culture in comparison with those under a transplanting culture which had mostly the same ripening period as that of the direct sowing culture. The objective was the selection of a good eating-quality rice cultivar well adapted to the direct sowing culture in Northern Kyushu. Highly palatable cultivars under a transplanting culture showed relatively high palatability for milled rice under the direct sowing culture. The palatability under the direct sowing culture was superior to that under the transplanting culture. Cultivars with highly physicochemical properties under the transplanting culture showed relatively high physicochemical properties for milled rice under the direct sowing culture. The milled rice under the direct sowing culture showed a higher protein content, lower amylose content, and higher maximum viscosity and breakdown values than those under the transplanting culture. Although the directly seeded rice showed a lower yield than the transplanted rice due to the decreased number of panicles per m2, it showed heavier l000grain weight and a higher percentage of ripened grains than those of the transplanted rice. Therefore, it was concluded that the superiority of palatability under the direct sowing culture was caused by the reduction of amylose content and an increase in the maximum viscosity and breakdown values, which was closely related to the extent of grain filling under the direct sowing culture.View full abstractDownload PDF (952K) -
Carbohydrate Metabolism in Leaf Blades and Stems of Rice Cultivar Akitakomachi at the Ripening StageTakao MURATA, Yuko HOSAKA, Mitsugu HIRANO, Eiki KURODA1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 221-228
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAkitakomachi was cultivated in a paddy field, and the lower leaves and about 1/3 of an ear were clipped off before and immediately after heading, respectively. The effect of the treatments on the carbohydrate metabolism in the leaf blades and stems including leaf sheathes at the ripening stage was analyzed. The leaf blades accumulated the photosynthate mainly as sucrose but a little as starch. With the increase of carbohydrate content in the leaf blades, the ratio of sucrose in the carbohydrate increased. The accumulation of carbohydrate in the stems was principally similar to that in the leaf blades except that starch largely accumulated when a large accumulation of carbohydrate occurred. At early ripening stage with a vigorous increase of ear weight, the content of carbohydrate, especially sucrose, decreased in the leaf blades and more remarkably in the stems. At middle to late ripening stage, the rate of increase in ear weight gradually decreased. After ear weight reached its maximum, photosynthate began to reaccumulate in the leaf blades and stems; especially, the accumulation of sucrose was remarkable. The activity of sucrose phosphate synthetase in the flag leaves at the ripening stage gradually decreased as leaf senescence proceeded.View full abstractDownload PDF (993K) -
Masataka YAMASHITA, Toshio TAKYU, Tetsuji SABA1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 229-234
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDifferent root pruning treatments in conjunction with shoot pruning and the application of nitrogen and organic material were carried out on 18-year-old tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in 1990. The pruning treatments consisted of: 1) light pruning every late August and application of organic material (conventional); 2) heavy root pruning and application of heavy nitrogen and organic material only in late September 1990 (late September I); 3) heavy root pruning plus shoot pruning only in late August 1990 (late August II); 4) heavy root pruning plus shoot pruning and application of heavy nitrogen and organic material only in late September 1990 (late September II); and 5) no pruning (control). The influence of the root pruning treatments on shoot growth and yield in the first crop tea were studied from 1991 to 1995. For the late August I treatment, no reduction in shoot growth and yield was observed in the subsequent year, possibly because only small roots had been removed. Young shoot size and yield gradually decreased every year thereafter. Late September I treatment caused yield to gradually increase from the second year, although slight yield reduction was noted in the first year. Late August II and late September II treatments failed to result in yields better than the control throughout the five years. The renewal of root systems by root pruning is believed to be an effective technique for regenerating tea plants and improving shoot growth and yield in the first crop tea.View full abstractDownload PDF (783K) -
Hiroki KAWASHIMA, Kazuto IWAMA, Tadashi KANEKO, Youko MASAKI, Kimio NA ...1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 235-241
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField measurements of the diffusion resistance (DR) of adaxial (upper) and abaxial (lower) leaf surfaces at three leaf positions of the main stem were recorded during the growing seasons of 1993 and 1994 using two potato varieties with different root mass. A diurnal change in DR was also measured two times in 1992 using one variety. The DR was about two to five times higher for the adaxial leaf surfece than the abaxial leaf surface, and higher at a lower leaf position throughout the growing seasons. The DRs of both leaf surfaces were the lowest in the morning, increased in the afternoon and became highest in the evening. They also increased according to plant growth. On the measuring days after rainfall, however, the DRs showed low values irrespective of leaf age. DR was also affected by air temperature, being higher in 1994 (high-temperature year) than in 1993 (low-temperature year). Although a varietal difference in DR was found in 1994, it did not correspond to the difference in root mass. These results indicate that water stress occurrs in potato growth in Hokkaido under relatively low temperature conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (897K) -
Michio KAWASAKI, Toshiaki MATSUDA, Nobuo CHONAN1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 242-251
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe plastid-amyloplast system involved in starch synthesis and accumulation in the Japanese yam tuber was observed by electron microscopes. According to observation with a scanning electron microscope, the plastid was forming projections with localized stroma as plastid enlargement progressed. The amyloplast accumulated a starch grain, elongated and enlarged vertically to the projection. At harvest time, the projection sometimes contracted. According to observation with a transmission electron microscope, furrows or grooves were often observed at the surface of the starch grain adjacent to the stroma localized in the projection. In addition, the electron-lucent part was often detected between the starch grain and stroma in the projection. From the observations by electron microscopes, we suggest that amyloplast synthesizes starch and forms a starch grain in part of the projection. In the stroma, other structures could be found, such as invaginations of the inner membrane, high electron density membrane-bound inclusion bodies, crystalline inclusion bodies and aggregating granules. The invagination of the inner membrane is presumably associated with the transfer of assimilate into the stroma. We believe that these inclusion bodies contain the enzyme involved in starch synthesis, and that aggregating granules functions as temporary storage for assimilation products.View full abstractDownload PDF (4535K) -
Ryouji SASAKI, Kiyochika HOSHIKAWA1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 252-258
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe developmental changes of energy dependence, from a reliance on endosperm to reliance on photosynthetic tissue, and the morphological characteristics of rice nursling seedlings were examined. The seedlings were raised in temperature-controlled greenhouses set at 30/25°C, 24/19°C and 17/12°C with a day/night cycle after emergence. The growth of the seedlings was compared to the growth of seedlings raised under dark conditions in the same greenhouses. The relationship between the consumption of endosperm nutrients and the shoot dry weight is represented by two regression lines for the seedlings raised in light, but is represented by one regression line for those raised in the dark. The slope of the regression lines in light were significantly different from that in the dark after 74% of the endosperm reserves were consumed and plant age reached 2.4. As the consumption of endosperm nutrients increased, the ratio of the shoot dry weight to the consumption of endosperm nutrients in light increased about threefold (i.e., from 0.476 to 1.433). It is thought that this change is due to an increase in the energy received from photosynthesis as a result of emergence and expansion of the third leaf. Seedlings with a plant age of 2.4 in light attained enough plant length (7cm) for the normal transplanting techniques under the three temperature conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (882K) -
Ryouji SASAKI, Kiyochika HOSHIKAWA1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 259-267
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe root system of rice nursling seedlings is composed of a seminal root and crown roots from coleoptilar node. The roots were cut at various locations, and the treated seedlings were grown for seven days after transplanting to clarify the role of the crown roots in the rooting and development. Even when the roots were cut at 1.5 cm from the base of the root, growth of the seedlings was similar to that of the control. However, growth was significantly reduced when cut at a length of 0.5 cm from the base. The growth of transplanted seedlings, including the emergence rate of the third leaf, was barely influenced by excision of the root tips of a seminal root and four crown roots, but growth was severely reduced by cutting at the bases of a seminal root and the longest crown root. The growth of the transplanted seedlings decreased in accordance with the total root length remaining after the treatments. These results indicate that the rooting and development of transplanted nursling seedlings are reduced according to the total length of the root remaining after treatment. It is conjectured that the crown roots from the coleoptilar node play a large role in the absorption of water and nutrients just after transplanting, and promote the rooting and development of transplanted nursling seedlings through emergence of the first nodal roots.View full abstractDownload PDF (1041K) -
Osamu UENO, Sakae AGARIE1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 268-278
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere have been conflicting reports on the photosynthetic mode of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). It has been suggested that cassava is a C3-C4 intermediate plant and, alternatively, that it is a C3 plant. Glycine decarboxylase (GDC), a photorespiratory enzyme, is known to exhibit different patterns of intercellular distribution between C3-C4 intermediate and C3 leaves. In order to elucidate the photosynthetic mode of cassava, we investigated the localization of GDC in the leaves of three cultivars by immunogold electron microscopy and the anatomical structures of the leaves. The leaves of cassava are essentially hypostomatous, and the photosynthetic tissues consist of palisade mesophyll cells (PMCs), spongy mesophyll cells (SMCs) and bundle sheath cells (BSCs). Although the BSCs include centrifugally located chloroplasts, they show no increase in mitochondrial frequcncy. Labeling specific for GDC was found on all mitochondria of all three types of cell. However, the density of labeling in the PMCs was always higher than in the SMCs and BSCs. In leaves that developed under a water deficit, the difference in labeling density became even clearer. These data suggest that at least the cultivars of cassava examined here are not C3-C4 intermediates and should be regarded as C3 plants. However, the intercellular differences in the level of accumulation of GDC seem to merit further investigation with respect to an internal gradient of photorespiratory capacity in the leaves.View full abstractDownload PDF (4048K) -
Kunio OKANO, Koji CHUTANI, Kiyoshi MATSUO1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 279-287
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe physiological responses of pot-grown tea plants to various levels of nitrogen fertilizer were investigated to determine the suitable level of nitrogen for tea plants. Defining an arbitrary unit of nitrogen application as 1 N plot (200 mgN pot-1 year-1, corresponding to 10 kgN 10a-1 year-1), experimental plots from 0 to 27 N were prepared using ammonium sulphate. The plants exhibited symptoms of nitrogen deficiency below 3 N plots. High photosynthetic activity and favorable growth were observed from 6 to 12 N plots. Tip-burn of mature leaves and inhibition of photosynthesis were first detected at the level of 15 N plot. At the level of more than 18 N plots, the falling of mature leaves, depression of root respiration and death of some plants occurred. Based on these results, the critical level for growth and yield was determined to be 6 N plot. Nitrogen uptake increased with the increase in the amount of nitrogen applied, while the capacity of uptake gradually saturated. The recovery rate of applied nitrogen declined linearly with the increase in nitrogen dressing. The concentration of free amino acids in the first flush shoots increased in an unlimited manner with the increase in nitrogtn dressing. However, the absolute amounts in the new shoots were greatest in 9 to 15 N plots due to the inhibition of new shoot growth in heavily manured plots. Thus, with respect to the accumulation of free amino acids, the critical level for leaf quality is estimated to be around 12 N plot. The theanine content in the first flush shoots increased up to 9 N plot. Thereafter, a high content of arginine was detected, implying disorder in the nitrogen metabolism. These results demonstrate that the critical level of nitrogen for leaf quality is very close to the toxic level and is twofold greater than that for growth and yield.View full abstractDownload PDF (1173K) -
Osamu ITO, Ryoichi MATSUNAGA, Satoshi TOBITA, Theertham Pradyumna RAO, ...1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 288-292
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe root growth of pigeonpea plants [Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.] was studied with a micro-video camera inserted into a glass tube embedded in the soil, and the effects of soil waterlogging were quantified. Daily changes in root length density (RLD) and the differences in root growth between waterlogged and control plants were calculated by adopting curve-fitting into the time-course data of RLD. Roots which suffered from waterlogging exhibited higher daily changes in RLD during the recovery process than unstressed roots. After waterlogging, an increase in RLD was first observed in the upper soil layers, and then in progressively deeper layers. This study demonstrates that root growth can be successfully studied by frequent observations of the same soil-plant interface through glass tubes. Furthermore, the effects of waterlogging can be adequately studied using this technique.View full abstractDownload PDF (658K) -
Yingdian WANG, Eiki KURODA, Mitsugu HIRANO, Takao MURATA1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 293-299
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the high yielding characteristics of new rice varieties bred recently in the Tohoku region of Japan, their growth and yield characteristics and dry matter production were examined in 1994 and 1995, as compared with those of Hitomebore and Kiyonishiki, popular cultivars in the region. The grain yields of the cultivars and strains used were in a relatively high level, ranging from 650 to 815 g m-2. The sequence of grain yield was Fukuhibiki > Ouu 316, Kiyonishiki > Ouu 327 > Hitomebore. High grain yields in Fukuhibiki and Ouu 316 of the panicle weight type with short culm were mainly due to the large number of spikelets m-2, which was mainly determined by the large number of spikelets per panicle. Fukuhibiki was also characterized by a large grain weight and a high percentage of ripened grains. The percentage of ripened grains was mainly governed by the ripened grains on the secondary rachis branch, which closely related to sink size. The high percentage of ripened grains of Fukuhibiki was due to the high percentage of ripened grains on the secondary rachis branch. The grain yield in Ouu 327 of the big grain type was mainly due to a fairly high percentage of ripened grains and markedly large grain weight, although this strain had a small number of panicles and spikelets m-2. As compared with Hitomebore, Fukuhibiki and Ouu 316 with low plant length showed large weights of total dry matter and extremely large weights of dry panicles, which contributed to their large harvest indices. The results suggest that high yielding Fukuhibiki and Ouu 316 possess the excellent characteristics of dry matter production and distribution.View full abstractDownload PDF (955K) -
Maki WATARAI, Jun INOUYE1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 300-306
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing each of the 40 varieties of African and Asian floating rice, internode elongation was investigated under submerged and non-submerged conditions. Under submerged conditions, the position of the lowest elongated internode (LEI) varied from the eighth to the thirteenth internode in both rices. Under non-submerged conditions, variation of the LEI position was from the ninth to the fourteenth internode in African floating rice and from the eighth to the thirteenth internode in Asian floating rice. The difference in the LEI position between submerged and non-submerged conditions was less than one internode in the Asian floating rice varieties, while it was 1.1-3.0 internodes in most varieties of the African floating rice. On the other hand, the average LEI length under submerged conditions was nearly the same between both rices, and under non-submerged conditions, the length of the African floating rice was one-third that of the Asian floating rice. Further, of the African fLoating rice with a shoft LEI, the lengths of some upper internodes of the LEI were also short. These results show that, under non-submerged conditions, the elongation ability of African floating rice is inferior to that of Asian floating rice.View full abstractDownload PDF (1015K) -
Eizo MAEDA, Hiroshi MIYAKE1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 307-317
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo groups of secretory glands, epidermal and mesophyll types, were examined in the young leaves of patchouli plants with light and electron microscopes. The structural characteristics of the component cells and features of the neighboring cells were clarified at the cyto-histological aspect. Glandular trichomes originate from both the adaxial and abaxial epidermis. Considerable attention is focused on internal, mesophyll glands arising in the palisade tissue. The secretory cell of the mesophyll glands is covered by a cuticular layer, and secretory materials are collected in a subcuticular space made between the cuticle and wall materials. In the vicinity of the glands, a vascular system occurs in spongy parenchyma. It includes vessel elements, sieve elements, large-sized cells of vascular bundle Sheath and morphologically specialized idioblasts; among them, relatively small sized-cells are present. The idioblasts have highly branched plasmodesmata in the wall and numerous mitochondria in the cytoplasm, but are lacking in a large, central vacuole. The branched plasmodesmata occur in groups. They intrude into the walls of sieve elements running in the interior of the vascular bundles and also into the walls of enlarged cells forming the bundle sheath. From a spatial viewpoint, it is likely that the vascular system has a relation to the transfer of nutrients into the mesophyll glands from the surrounding cells with photosynthetic activities. On the basis of these observations, the peculiar morphology of the mesophyll glands is discussed in terrns of their location and function in patchouli leaf blades.View full abstractDownload PDF (5725K) -
Hajime WATANABE, Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 318-324
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice seedling with the mesocotyl and foliage leaves enclosed in the coleoptile are here referred to as "MC type" seedlings and are considered to be suitable for deep sowing. We investigated the effects of seven plant growth regulators (PGRs), including gibberellic acid (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), kinetin (KIN), ethylene (ET), brassinolide (BR) and fluridone (Flu) on the appearance of MC or non-MC type rice seedlings. The seedlings were grown on 0.8% agar medium in the presence or absence of PGRs under aseptic conditions at 30°C in the dark for 14 days. Among the PGRs tested, both ABA and BR promoted the appearance of MC type rice seedlings. Flu, an inhibitor of carotenoid synthesis, and indirectly, of ABA biosynthesis, reduced the percentage of MC type rice seedlings and promoted the growth of leaves. The response of mesocotyl was different from that of the leaves. Mesocotyl elongation growth was stimulated by ABA but reduced by Flu. Furthermore, when applied simultaneously with Flu, the effect of ABA was eliminated. These results suggest that the appearance of MC type rice seedlings is under the control of endogenous ABA and, that Flu affects not only ABA biosynthesis but also its action.View full abstractDownload PDF (892K) -
Akira MIYAZAKI, Shinji TOKUDA, Waichi AGATA, Fumitake KUBOTA, Xiangfu ...1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 325-326
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Masataka YAMASHITA, Toshio TAKYU, Tetsuji SABA1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 327-328
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Hiroshi EHARA, Chikamasa KOMADA, Masakazu GOTO, Osamu MORITA1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 329-330
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (412K) -
Tomomi NAKAMOTO1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 331-332
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Tae-Kwon SHON, Agung Dwi Haryanto TOTOK, Tomohiko YOSHIDA1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 333-334
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (334K) -
Yoshio INOUE1997 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 335-344
Published: June 05, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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