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Volume 81 (2012)
- Issue 4 Pages 397-
- Issue 3 Pages 259-
- Issue 2 Pages 137-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 81, Issue 3
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Regular Paper
Agronomy
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Yosuke Miyauchi, Akihiro Isoda, Zhiyuan Li, Peiwu Wang2012 Volume 81 Issue 3 Pages 259-266
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of a foliar spraying of humic substance on growth and yield of soybean were evaluated in Changji (2007, 2008) and Shihezi (2008), Xinjiang, China. The humic substance was applied during the time from the fully expansion of primary leaf to the start of flowering. The humic substance had no significant effect on stem length, node number and branch number, but improved seed yields by 6 to 32%. It increased pod number per plant by increasing pod setting, although there was no significant effect on cumulated flower number. The humic substance did not affect the mean leaf area indices, crop growth rates and net assimilation rates, but increased pod growth rates during the later pod filling period. It also did not affect the CO2 assimilation rate, quantum yield of photosystem II or chlorophyll content. Thus, increasing pod number by plant hormone-like substances in the humic substance was considered to stimulate the translocation of assimilate toward pods, leading to an increase in seed yield. It was concluded that the foliar application of humic substance to soybean was effective in increasing seed yield in the arid areas of Xinjiang, China.View full abstractDownload PDF (1255K)
Quality and Processing
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Tadashi Tsukaguchi, Tatsuya Yamamura, Hironori Inoue, Hiroshi Nakagawa ...2012 Volume 81 Issue 3 Pages 267-274
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe imposed leaf clipping treatment in 2008 and 2010 and thinning treatment in 2008 on field grown Koshihikari plants at full heading. In 2009 and 2010, pot grown Koshihikari plants were placed in a temperature gradient chamber (TGC) during the grain-filling period. In 2010, leaf clipping treatments were conducted in each temperature regime. The pattern of cross sectional chalkiness was investigated using kernels that were classified into milky white and opaque kernels by grain quality inspector (RGQI20A, Satake). Most of the milky white kernels were classified into two types: milky white kernels with chalkiness at the central part of endosperm and those with rings of chalkiness. The percentage of ring-type milky white kernels were significantly increased and decreased by leaf clipping and thinning treatment, respectively and negatively correlated with grain-filling percentage which is considered to reflect assimilate supply. There was no relation between the percentage of the ring-type milky white kernels and mean daily air temperature during 20 days after heading. The percentage of the center-type milky white kernels was not affected by leaf clipping or thinning treatments and was not correlated with grain-filling percentage. The percentage of center-type milky white kernels increased exponentially with the rise in mean daily temperature during 20 days after heading and was associated more closely with the mean temperature of 12:00 to 15:00, suggesting that they are more sensitive to the daily maximum temperature during this period.View full abstractDownload PDF (2234K) -
Naoto Nihei, Nobuo Yamashita2012 Volume 81 Issue 3 Pages 275-280
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the effects on the suitability for tofu making (color and hardness) of damaged soybean (purple stained, sucked by stink bugs, black stained by two-striped soybean beetle, fed by caterpillars) and evaluated the allowable blending ratios of the damaged soybeans to whole soybean not to degrade the suitability for tofu making. A purple stained soybean did not affect the breaking stress and the taste of tofu, but affected the color (brightness and redness). If the blending ratios of a purple stained soybean to a whole soybean was less than 25%, the redness of tofu was equal to the tofu made with undamaged soybean. The tofu made with the sucked soybean and the black stained soybean were equal to the tofu made with undamaged soybean in color, breaking stress, and sensory evaluation. It is thought that incorporation of the sucked and the black stained soybean do not have much effect on the suitability for tofu making. As compared with undamaged soybean, the fed soybean showed a higher percentage of the water absorption and the solid outflow rate to the soaked liquid. The protein content and pH of the soybean milk made with the fed soybean were lower than those made with undamaged soybean. The soybean increased the breaking stress of the tofu at 0.3% of chlorination magnesium concentration and decreased it at 0.5%. If the blending ratio of the fed soybean to whole soybean was less than 10%, the suitability for tofu making was equal to the undamaged soybean.View full abstractDownload PDF (1025K) -
Hiromichi Yamaguchi, Satoshi Yoshinaga, Hiroyuki Shiratsuchi, Eiji Kan ...2012 Volume 81 Issue 3 Pages 281-291
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method for estimating the suitable time and area for transplanting or direct-seeding rice to avoid the incidence of marked dull endosperm was investigated by predicting the amylose content of low-amylose rice varieties using a model for estimating developmental stages. Three low-amylose rice varieties were transplanted or direct-seeded at three locations in the Tohoku region of Japan three times a year for three years. A high negative correlation was found between the temperature during the ripening period and the amylose content of milled grains. Marked dull endosperms were observed in the grains containing less than 10% amylose. The amylose content with respect to transplanting or direct seeding date was estimated using a model for estimating heading dates and a regression model explaining the relationship between the temperature during the ripening period and the amylose content. The root mean square error quantified by the difference between the predicted values of amylose content by this method and the measured values was 0.88-1.67%. It was possible to estimate the suitable time for transplanting or direct-seeding to avoid marked dull endosperm by estimating the dates on which the amylose content was predicted to be 10-15%. Furthermore, the results estimated by this method suggested that the suitable area and time of cultivation to avoid marked dull endosperm could be expanded by an appropriate combination of transplanting and direct seeding.View full abstractDownload PDF (1784K) -
Takeshi Okiyama, Masahiro Yamaguchi, Toshinori Sotome, Takashi Nagamin ...2012 Volume 81 Issue 3 Pages 292-298
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe analyzed the causes of the occurrence of cracked grains and the impact of hordoindoline genotypes on it in two-row barley. The rate of cracked grains, was correlated with the kernel hardness (r=−0.608**), and grain weight (r=0.588**). Therefore, we created a regression formula for the estimation of the rate of cracked grains by using kernel hardness and grain weight as the variables. Next, we confirmed that compared with the lineages of barley carrying the hordoindoline gene Hinb-2a, the lineages of the Hinb-2b had higher kernel hardness, required a longer time for parling the grains, and showed a lower rate of cracked grains, and a lower degree of whiteness. When the regression formula was applied to the progeny lineages, we were able to select lineages with low rates of cracked grains at a proportion of approximately 75% in the Hinb-2a genotype lineage group. Meanwhile, in the Hinb-2b genotype lineage group, we were able to select lineages with low rates of cracked grains at a proportion of approximately 70%, though their heritability and improving effect were low. To promote the barley breeding, it is useful to conduct a primary selection of Hinb-2a genotypes by using the regression formula and to select those with a low rate of cracked grains, or to select the Hinb-2b genotype with a shorter parling time and higher degree of whiteness.View full abstractDownload PDF (1136K)
Crop Physiolory and Cell Biology
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Shin Yabuta, Susumu Hakoyama, Sayuri Inafuku, Yasunori Fukuzawa, Yoshi ...2012 Volume 81 Issue 3 Pages 299-308
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of day length on turning point of leaf emergence rate (TPL) were examined in 8 rice cultivars, including 3 japonica and 5 indica types under 10-hours and natural day length. The relationships between days after sowing and plant age in leaf number were approximated to two lines, and leaf emergence rate (LER) was estimated from the slopes of those lines. TPL was determined as the intersection of the two lines. As the result of 3-way ANOVA, there were significant differences in TPL and flag leaf emergence (FLE) among treatments and varieties. TPL and FLE were earlier under a short day length than those of under natural day length, and there was a significant positive correlation between them. These results indicated that TPL relates to the earliness of the variety, and that LER in all varieties were decreased slightly after TPL. LER in the early varieties tended to be faster than in late varieties. However, there was an exception such as Miriti, which LER was slower throughout the measurement period. The effect of short day on LER was observed in the regression line after TPL. The LER obtained under 10 hours a short day length was higher than that of under natural day length, and there were significant positive correlations between TPL and panicle initiation stage. These results suggest that TPL relates to the phase transition including panicle initiation phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (1738K)
Modelling, Information and Environment
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Masato Oda2012 Volume 81 Issue 3 Pages 309-316
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe buffered chamber method is a kind of closed chamber method for gas-balance measurement. The closed chamber is divided into a measurement and a buffer chamber in this method. The gas is circulated between both chambers and the gas-concentration change is measured in the buffer chamber. The measurement time can be adjusted to the gas-sensor response time or gas-change speed of the measured object. Therefore, this method can be used for accurate and widespread measurements. However, this method has a response lag between the buffer and the measurement chambers. Hence, the response lag was analyzed using a mathematical model for the sensor-response lag and the gas-concentration changes in buffer and measurement chambers. In concrete terms, the response of the apparatus was investigated for various substitution rates of chamber gas or for buffer ratios. The results showed that the adequate substitution rates for buffer ratios were needed for adjusting measurement time. In addition, an apparatus was actually assembled and tested for its performance, and system design guidelines were established.View full abstractDownload PDF (2055K) -
Eiji Sakaiya, Yoshio Inoue2012 Volume 81 Issue 3 Pages 317-331
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRemote sensing has been applied to estimate the protein content of brown rice in the field, but some uncertainty remains due to various error sources. Here, we investigated the major error sources to improve the accuracy in operational applications. Hyperspectral reflectance data were acquired using an airborne sensor over 100 km2 rice paddy areas. Grain protein content as well as plant conditions such as leaf color, height, and density was obtained by ground-based measurements. Correlation of the protein content with growth conditions,and reflectance spectra were analyzed using NDSI (Normalized Difference Spectral Index). The leaf color had a close and consistent relation with the protein content. Leaf color was closely correlated with reflectance in green to red spectral regions whereas protein content was less correlated especially in the red region. This difference was attributed to the higher sensitivity of red region to growth stage. A schematic model revealed that the protein content scarcely correlated with the planting date but closely with the fertilizing condition. Consequently, large variability of the growth stage due to different planting date was a larger error source in remote sensing of protein content. Earlier observation also resulted in lower accuracy because the large effect of planting date remained during the earlier ripening stages. The use of NDSI (green, near-infrared) instead of NDVI=NDSI (red, near-infrared) would improve the accuracy since it was less sensitive to the difference in growth stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (4704K)
Research and Technical Note
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Yuji Hamachi, Masayuki Miyazaki, Masao Tsubone, Yukinori Oono, Koji Od ...2012 Volume 81 Issue 3 Pages 332-338
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHigh air temperatures during the summer of 2010 damaged the apparent quality of rice kernels in a large area of Japan. When the average temperature during the 20 days after heading was 28°C or higher, the percentage of first-grade rice kernels according to inspection grade in Fukuoka prefecture was higher than 90% in the heat-tolerant cultivar ‘Genkitsukushi’. Furthermore, in the fields with different soil fertility and with different crops cultivated in the previous summer, the incidence of white immature kernels was significantly lower and the rice kernel quality was superior in ‘Genkitsukushi’ than in cultivars with less heat-tolerance. In addition, the proportion of white immature kernels in ‘Genkitsukushi’ at any position within the panicle were lower than those in the heat-sensitive rice cultivar ‘Tsukushiroman’, which has a similar panicle architecture, at comparable average temperatures during the 20 days after heading. These results suggest that the tolerance of ‘Genkitsukushi’ to high air temperatures was stably excellent, and that it was not related to panicle architecture, but to some unidentified physiological factor.View full abstractDownload PDF (1100K) -
Tetsuya Ishikawa2012 Volume 81 Issue 3 Pages 339-342
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Minoru Osawa, Toshikazu Takahashi, Takayuki Sugaya2012 Volume 81 Issue 3 Pages 343-348
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe new winter wheat Satonosora was compared with the spring wheat Norin 61 in terms of growth and yield for three years to clarify the difference in their characteristics. Both cultivars were grown in Gunma Prefecture. Patterns of young ear elongation and increase in dry matter weight of kernels were described using a logistic equation. Tillers in Satonosora developed earlier than those in Norin 61. The maximum number of tillers per unit area in Satonosora was higher than that in Norin 61. Although the duration of the young ear formation stage in Satonosora was almost equal to that in Norin 61, heading and maturity of Satonosora occurred earlier than in Norin 61. Based on accumulated temperature, young ear elongation was faster in Satonosora than in Norin 61, leading to early heading of Satonosora according to our logistic equation analysis. The patterns of increase in dry matter weight of kernels did not differ markedly between the two cultivars. According to our logistic equation analysis, the cultivars would need an accumulated temperature of 737°C from heading to physiological maturity. Although spikelet number and grain number per ear of Satonosora was lower than those of Norin 61, grain yield of the former was larger than that of the latter, since mean grain weight and the number of ears per unit area were higher in the former than in the latter. Grain yield of Satonosora considerably correlated with the number of ears per unit area. This indicated that grain yield of Satonosora depends on the number of ears per unit area.View full abstractDownload PDF (1191K) -
Kazuhiro Morita, Tomoaki Matsushima, Takuya Yamaguchi, Ayano Saito, Ma ...2012 Volume 81 Issue 3 Pages 349-356
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of dense planting on the growth, yield and grain quality of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari) late transplanted to avoid a high temperature during the ripening period were investigated for two years. Dense planting, 21.2 and 24.2 hills/m2, increased the number of panicles resulting in higher yield compared with normal planting, 18.2 hills/m2. In addition, it increased the yield in 2008 with slightly solar radiation during the ripening period. Late transplanting with dense planting increased the grain quality in both years, and in addition, improved grain quality in 2007 with much solar radiation during the ripening period. These results suggest that the dense planting in late transplanting is effective in improving yield and grain quality, and also in securing solar radiation while avoiding high temperature during the ripening period.View full abstractDownload PDF (1220K)
Mini Review
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Masataka Wakayama, Naohiro Aoki2012 Volume 81 Issue 3 Pages 357-362
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Minehiko Fukuoka, Mayumi Yoshimoto2012 Volume 81 Issue 3 Pages 363-371
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 06, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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