Japanese Journal of Crop Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0990
Print ISSN : 0011-1848
ISSN-L : 0011-1848
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Volume 81, Issue 4
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Regular Paper
Agronomy
  • The Effect of Precipitation on Growth of No-tillage Soybean in the Upland Field Converted from Paddy Field
    Motoharu Murata, Hiromo Inoue, Tatsuya Inamura
    2012 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 397-403
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.81.397
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In upland fields converted from paddy field, the dry matter production of soybean in no-tillage (NT) and in conventional tillage (CT) was compared during two years that differed in precipitation. In 2009, when the precipitation during soybean growth period from sowing to flowering stage was higher than in 2010, the length of main stem, the number of nodes on the main stem and the dry matter production after flowering stage in NT soybean were lower than those in CT. Particularly, crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) during the growth period from flowering to pod setting stage in NT was significantly lower than those in CT. This may be because the leaf nitrogen content at the flowering stage in NT was lower than that in CT due to wet damage. In 2009, much precipitation kept the soil moisture content high until the flowering stage. Additionally, the soil moisture content in NT was higher than that in CT in the same growth period. In contrast, CGR and NAR in NT were significantly higher than those in CT in 2010. As a result, there was a significant interaction between tillage treatments and years in CGR and NAR. These results indicated that growth of NT soybean was lower than that of CT when the precipitation from sowing to flowering stage was high.
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  • Cultivation of Potato (Solanum tuberrosum) without Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization in Abashiri Area
    Kentarou Kikuchi, Terukazu Kobayashi, Hiromu Tanaka, Takuma Ikeda, Yas ...
    2012 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 404-413
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.81.404
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    From 2007 to2009, we examined the growth and yield of potato without application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the brown Andosol field in the Abashiri area, Hokkaido. Although the content of both available phosphoric acid and exchangeable potassium were lower in the plot without these fertilizer than in the fertilized plot, the number of tubers, the tuber yield and starch content were not significantly influenced by the absence of applied phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. We also examined the occurrence of common scab of potato, but found no significant difference in the occurrence of disease between the plants with and without application of phosphate and potassium fertilizers. Thus, the growth and yield of potato was not reduced on the field without applied phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in brown Andosol field, which contain a large amount of available phosphoric acid and the exchangeable potassium. This study also suggested that no phosphorus and potassium fertilizer need be applied for at least two years, since the amount of available phosphoric acid and the exchangeable potassium is kept above the criterion level in this type of soil.
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  • Dry Matter Production and Grain Yield of High Yielding Rice Cultivar, Takanari, Directly Seeded in the Paddy Field with an “Air-assisted Drill”
    Takehiro Mukouyama, Takashi Motobayashi, Tadashi Chosa, Taiichiro Ooka ...
    2012 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 414-423
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.81.414
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    The lodging-tolerant rice cultivar, Takanari, was directly seeded with an “air-assisted drill” in the paddy field, and its dry matter production and grain yield were compared with those in the plants, hill-seeded and conventionally transplanted in 2009, 2010 and 2011. In the air-assisted drilled rice, plants were scattered around the row, which was quite different from the hill-seeded rice. The air-assisted drilled rice produced heavier dry matter and had a higher grain yield than the hill-seeded and transplanted rice, because of the higher crop growth rate. During the tillering stage, tiller number and leaf area index increased more rapidly in the air-assisted drilled rice than in the conventionally transplanted rice and this resulted in higher light interception of the canopy in the air-assisted drilled rice. Compared with the hill-seeded and conventionally transplanted rice, the air-assisted drilled rice had a lower light extinction coefficient of the canopy at the ripening stage and larger number of crown roots on the main stem with more nitrogen accumulation during the ripening period. These characteristics might contribute to the higher dry matter production in the air-assisted drilled rice.
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  • Effect of Slow Release Fertilizer on Nitrogen Absorption and Fertilizer Nitrogen Recovery Rate in Chinese High-Yielding Rice Cultivars
    Toshiaki Kokubo, Akira Miyazaki, Tetsushi Yoshida, Yoshinori Yamamoto, ...
    2012 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 424-431
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.81.424
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    The amount of nitrogen (N) absorbed from fertilizer before the young panicle formation stage in Chinese high-yielding cultivars, Yangdao 4 (YD) and Wuyugen 3 (WY) was increased significantly by applying a slow-release fertilizer. This resulted in a significant increase in fertilizer N recovery rate, and significantly increased the N content at the maturity stage in YD. The amount of N absorption from the young panicle formation stage to heading stage was significantly higher in YD than in WY, while WY absorbed a significantly larger amount of N than YD before the young panicle formation stage. This suggests that in YD, nitrogen is absorbed for a longer period from the slow-release fertilizer than in WY. The fertilizer N recovery rate in YD was higher in the sigmoid-type fertilizer than in the linear-type fertilizer, followed by the split application of ammonium chloride (C). It significantly increased with increasing amount of N fertilizer applied in C treatment, but not with linear or sigmoid-type fertilizers. These results show that the application of sigmoid-type slow-release fertilizer improves the fertilizer N recovery rate in these cultivars and the amount of N fertilizer to be applied can be decreased, thereby reducing the burden to the environment.
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Crop Physiolory and Cell Biology
  • Characteristics of Grain Quality and the Causal Factors in Direct-seeded Rice (Oryza stiva L.) in Lowland Field in a Cooler Region of Japan
    Satoshi Yoshinaga, Kenji Nagata, Hiroyuki Shiratsuchi, Akari Fukuda
    2012 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 432-440
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.81.432
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    In the cool region of Japan, the grain quality of direct-seeded rice is assumed to be different from that of transplanted rice, since the heading date is dlayed by direct seeding and the climate condition during the ripening period is also different. However, the details of the effects of direct seeding on the grain quality have not been examined. We analysed the results of a 4-year field experiment with different cropping seasons in Tohoku region and examined the characteristics of the quality and their causal factors in direct-seeded rice. As compared to transplanted rice, the protein and amylose contents of direct-seeded rice, which are considered to affect taste quality, were not so different as to affect the palatability. On the other hand, grain weight and perfect grain ratio were higher and the yearly difference in the perfect grain ratio was smaller in the direct-seeded rice than in the transplanted rice. Such improvement of the quality by direct seeding was attributed to the delay of the heading date and the lower number of spikelets per panicle. The delay of the heading date lowered the temperature during the early ripening period (lower than 25°C for 20 days after heading) which in turn resulted in the decrease in chalky grains and the increase in the grain length. The lower number of spikelets per panicle in direst-seeded rice reduced the grain ratio on the secondary-rachis branches, with grain quality lower than that on the primary rachis branches.
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Research and Technical Note
  • Interactive Effects of Soil Salinity and Temperature on Vegetative Growth of Rice after Flooded by TSUNAMI 11 March 2011
    Hiroyuki Shimono, Etsushi Kumagai, Noboru Kiminarita, Miho Ito, Yoshin ...
    2012 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 441-448
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.81.441
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    To investigate the effects of desalinization of the field caused by the March 2011 Tsunami on rice growth, we grew rice cultivar ‘Akitakomachi’ at six tunami-covered field spots in Iwate Prefecture, which were desalinized to a level below a criterion of 0.6 mS cm-1 EC, and examined their growth. Besides this field experiment, the rice seedlings grown in Iwate University campus were transplanted to pots filled with the culture soil on the market, and grown at the six desalinized fields (pot expt 1). In addition, another group of the same seedlings were transplanted to the pots filled with the soil from either one of the six desalinized fields and grown in Iwate University campus (pot expt 2). The dry weight at the flowering stage of the plants in the field varied greatly with the spot from 23 to 52 g plant-1, and was closely correlated with that in pot expt 2, but not with that in pot expt 1. However, the dry weight was not significantly correlated with the electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil and surface water, which confirmed the effectiveness of the criterion of desalinization. To evaluate the interactive effects of soil salinity with air temperature on rice vegetative growth, we grew rice plants under two temperature conditions (20.9 and 25.4°C) and six NaCl salinity conditions (0.1∼7.3 mScm-1EC). Leaf transpiration, which was higher at a high temperature than at a low temperature, was significantly reduced by high salinity. High salinity suppressed the vegetative growth and decreased dry weight at 0.8∼2.3 mScm-1EC at a high temperature, but not at less than 2.3 mScm-1EC at a low temperature. These experiments suggested that the criteria for desalinizing soil, 0.6 mScm-1EC, can be alleviated in cooler climate regions.
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  • The Effects of Hilum Position of the Seed of the Black Seed Coat Soybean Variety Tanbaguro on Days to Emergence and Emergence Ratio in Cell Tray Raising
    Kazuo Okubo
    2012 Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 449-452
    Published: 2012
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.81.449
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    This study was aimed at investigating the effects of hilum position of the seed at sowing on days to emergence and emergence ratio in cell tray raising using the black seed coat soybean variety Tanbaguro. Seeds were sown with hilum on the side or hilum facing downward, giving the first water irrigation at 24 hours after sowing. In both the seeds with hilum on the side or facing downward all cotyledons emerged from 3 to 7 days after sowing. The mean value of emergence ratio was 98.4% in the former and 96.1% in the latter; the difference between the two sowing directions being statistically significant. These data demonstrate that the sowing the seed with hilum on the side is a useful method to obtain a high seedling emergence ratio in cell tray raising of Tanbaguro.
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