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Volume 85 (2016)
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Volume 85, Issue 1
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Regular Paper
Agronomy
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Toshinori Matsunami, Misaki Notoya, Maya Matsunami, Kazuhiro Kon2016 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
Published: January 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe eating quality of sparsely planted rice to that of rice planted at the standard density (21.1 hills m-2) is inferior because of the high protein content of brown rice. We investigated the effects of no topdressing on the yield and grain quality of sparsely planted rice. Akitakomachi was grown at densities of 15.1 and 11.2 hills m-2 with or without topdressing at the meiosis stage. In the field with no topdressing, 1000-grain weight was decreased, resulting in 2–7% lower yield than in that with topdressing, but the appearance quality of brown rice was not influenced by no topdressing under both sparse-planting methods. The protein content of brown rice was lowered by no topdressing. No topdressing had positive effects on the taste and stickiness of cooked rice grown in the 11.2 hills m-2 plot. In conclusion, no topdressing or reduced application rate of topdressing at the meiosis stage improved the eating quality of sparsely planted rice by reducing the protein content of brown rice.View full abstractDownload PDF (1177K) -
Akihiko Ikejiri, Tadashi Takahashi2016 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 10-15
Published: January 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS“Sachiyutaka” was recommended as a cultivar to be grown by Yamaguchi Prefecture in 2001. It is usually sown in mid-June but sometimes in July, because rain disturbs the sowing during the rainy season in June and July. We investigated the effect of later sowing, early July, on its yield and yield components. In addition, we confirmed the higher seed yield of “Sachiyutaka” than the other conventional cultivars in both standard and later sowing. “Sachiyutaka” sown in early July did not show lower seed yield than that sown in mid-June because of heavier seed weight and higher harvest index even though it had fewer ripening pods and lighter biomass. The average temperature during the seed ripening period was lower in the plants sown in early July than in mid-June. Not only ripening pod number but also seed number per pod and seed weight showed a significant positive correlation with seed yield in the plants sown in mid-June and in early July. “Sachiyutaka”View full abstractDownload PDF (782K) -
Eiichiro Kamada, Tadashi Takahashi, Akihiko Ikejiri, Aki Uchiyama, Kaz ...2016 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 16-22
Published: January 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn naked barley, grain yield is increased by increasing the amount of topdressing at the spike formation stage (SFS) due to the increase in spike number. We investigated the number of emerged tillers, the nodal position of the emerged tillers and the characters concerned with productivity of tillers in cultivar “Toyonokaze” in order to clarify how the topdressing at SFS increases the spike number. We prepared five nitrogen topdressing patterns in 2012/2013 and three in 2013/2014, differing in amounts of basal dressing or topdressing at SFS. Increasing topdressing at SFS increased the number of plants with emerging tillers and also that of plants with tillers emerging at a high nodal position. The heavier topdressing at SFS increased the rate of plants emerging tillers at a higher nodal position compared to the lighter topdressing at SFS with the same amount of total fertilizer. The productive tillers expanded 5 – 8 leaves and the dry weight of these tillers was more than 1000 mg. The water soluble carbohydrate content of productive tillers was 10 – 20% while the content was more than 20% in some of the heavy non-productive tillers and less than 10% in some of the lighter non-productive tillers. Heavier topdressing at SFS, increased the number of plants with emerging primary tillers at the 1st, 3rd and 4th nodal positions. Most of the primary tillers emerged at the 1st nodal position became productive and these plants had more than two productive tillers including the main stems.View full abstractDownload PDF (1197K) -
andJunko Tazawa, Shigenori Miura2016 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 23-32
Published: January 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe establishment of organic soybean cultivating systems is important for expansion of organic soybean fields in Japan. Field experiments for organic soybean cultivation were conducted for 3 years in the Kanto Area, in the eastern part of Japan. The characteristics of the soybean cultivars and sowing time were investigated under organic and conventional conditions. The yield of the late maturing cultivar, ‘Fukuyutaka’ was higher than that of the early maturing cultivar ‘Tachinagaha’ in the organic field. The yield under organic conditions was lower than in conventional conditions mainly due to damage by sap-sucking stinkbugs. However, the damage decreased with the delay in flowering time in both early and late mature cultivars. A correlation between the flowering time and yield indicated that the yield in organic conditions was highest when the flowering time was mid-August in Tachinagaha and early- to mid-August in Fukuyutaka. Late maturing cultivars sown before early or mid-July gave a yield of more than 200 g m-2. These findings indicated that early maturing cultivars should be sown around middle July, which is later than in conventional conditions, and late maturing cultivars should be sown before early or middle July in organic soybean production.View full abstractDownload PDF (976K) -
–Improvement of Plant Density for Saving Labor–Hideki Kurosaki, Hideki Toh, Masayuki Onodera, Toru Takeuchi2016 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 33-40
Published: January 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe number of strut bamboos is determined by the planting density in “Toramame” cultivation. Usually strut bamboos are set up and taken away manually, which accounts for nearly 75% of the total labor (35hours/10 a). The planting density has been based on the experience of the farmer. We investigated the correlation of seed yield with planting density, the number of hills per unit area and that of plants per hill. The optimum number of plants per hill from 1 to 6 plants per hill examined was 4 either when the number of hills was 2300 or 1800 hills/10 a. The yield in 1500 hills/10 a (35% lower than the conventional density) was 11% lower than the conventional yield, but the yield in 1800 hills/10 a (20% lower than the conventional density) was decreased less than 5% on the average. The yield reduction due to fewer hills was greater in the fields with lower yields. In addition, the yield was lower and the rate of yield reduction due to fewer hills was higher in the field with a lower level of autoclaving extractable nitrogen in the soil. Considering the costs in 2012, the profits with 1800 hills coincided with those with 2300 hills when the yield reduction rate was approximately 5% in the high yield field (400 kg/10 a), 7% in the average yield (300 kg/10 a), and 10% in the low yield (200 kg/10 a). The yield reduction rates in 1800 hills compared to 2300 hills in 7 out of 9 fields with higher than average yield was less than 5%. The profits of 1800 hills in those 7 fields were equal to or higher than those with 2300 hills. Thus, we considered that the planting density of 1800 hills/10 a brought 20% reduction in the labor hours related to the strut bamboos without loss of benefits.View full abstractDownload PDF (1082K)
Quality and Processing
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Tamayo Abe, Tetsuji Yanagihara, Yoichi Sugikawa, Akito Sugawara, Tatsu ...2016 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 41-50
Published: January 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS‘Yumechikara’ is a domestic hard red winter wheat cultivar whose grain characteristics and processing properties vary with the growth condition. This paper describes the effects of the protein content of wheat on the grain quality and processing suitability of ‘Yumechikara’. Field studies showed that the grain protein content of ‘Yumechikara’ varied from 10.9 to 16.7% and the average value was 14.5%. In more than half the grain samples examined, the grain protein content was higher than the quality-evaluation standard value (11.5–14.0%). However, there was no variation in the other quality items, such as bulk density, ash content and falling number. To evaluate bread-making suitability, the grains with different protein contents were milled and mixed with the flour of soft wheat cultivar ‘Kitahonami’ at the ratio of 20–80%. At a protein content of less than 13.0%, ‘Yumechikara' showed lower quality in the evaluation, that is, lower quality of bread and increased dough mixing time. On the other hand, ‘Yumechikara' with a protein content of over 14.0% did not show lower quality in the evaluation. It is thus concluded that ‘Yumechikara’ with a grain protein content exceeding 13.0% is suitable for blending with ‘Kitahonami’. The blended wheat of ‘Yumechikara’ with a protein content of roughly 14.0% had good grain properties and processing suitability values equivalent to or exceeding those of conventional bread flour.View full abstractDownload PDF (1352K)
Research and Technical Note
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Mami Takahashi, Satoshi Ohno, Akihiko Takahashi, Norikazu Nakayama, Ry ...2016 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 51-58
Published: January 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField experiments were conducted over 2 years in the Hokuriku area to evaluate yield compensation for missing plants in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. We deliberately removed some seedlings from a converted upland field planted with the soybean variety “Enrei”, and investigated the individual yield of plants growing near the sites with plants missing. There was an increase in yield of the plants that were grown adjacent to the sites where the plants had been removed. The sum of the yield increase of the plants on both sides of the gap compensated for only 42% of the average yield of an individual plant in the control group. The more plants that were removed in a series, the higher the yield of the plants adjacent to the gap. However, the increase in yield of the plants adjacent to the sites with a series of missing plants was still insufficient to compensate for the yield loss due to the missing plants, and the yield loss caused by removing a series of plants increased as the number of missing plants increased. Together, these results showed that soybean yield compensation is insufficient to compensate for the yield reduction resulting from missing plants. Therefore, gaps in fields resulting from water damage, defective seedling-planting machinery, or other issues decrease the yield, regardless of the number of missing plants. Field crop management strategies to retain seedlings are required to ensure good yields.View full abstractDownload PDF (1718K) -
Zhongqiu Cui, Masanori Toyota, Akihito Kusutani2015 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 59-66
Published: January 05, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of water-saving culture on the yield, quality and palatability of rice was investigated using Hinohikari for 3 years from 2012 to 2014. Two water treatments were imposed: continuously flooded paddy field (C) and water-saving paddy field (WS). In WS, irrigation was stopped for 22 days before the panicle initiation stage in 2012, and for 30 days in 2013 and 2014. The total amount of input water (rainfall + irrigation water) in WS was 20.7％ less than that in C in 2012, 27.4％ less in 2013 and 24.3％ less in 2014. The grain yield in WS was around 25％ lower than in C both in 2013 and 2014. On the other hand, the yield decrease rate in WS was only about 5％ in 2012. Thus the water-saving culture did not affect either quality or palatability.View full abstractDownload PDF (1298K) -
Toshinori Matsunami, Misaki Notoya, Chikako Miura, Kazuhiro Kon, Maya ...2016 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 67-76
Published: January 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study analyzed the yielding variation factor of sparsely planted rice cultivar “Akitakomachi” in Tohoku region, Japan. For four years (2010–2013), Akitakomachi was grown at densities of 15.1 hills m-2 and 11.2 hills m-2 with conventional cultivation. The grain yield in 2012 was lower than that in the other three years, in spite of the production of many panicles. In 2012, tillering was markedly stimulated, because of the high temperature and solar radiation after transplanting, and heavy precipitation during mid-summer drainage. On the other hand, the leaf color and plant height after the maximum tiller number stage in 2012 was comparably lower than in normal years. The number of spikelets per panicle was markedly decreased in 2012, resulting in 16–18% lower yield than in normal years under both sparse planting densities. There was a significant positive correlation between the spikelet number per panicle and the leaf color at meiotic phase, and the reduction of the spikelet number per panicle and the leaf color at meiotic phase, and the reduction in the number of spikelets per panicle was mainly due to the reduction in the number of spikelets at the secondary rachis-branch. These results suggest that maintaining moderate leaf color after maximum tiller number stage and prevention of decrease in the number of spikelets per panicle are important to achieve high yielding under sparse planting in a cool climate region.View full abstractDownload PDF (1234K) -
Miho Shioji, Sakae Horimoto, Tomomi Nakamoto2016 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 77-82
Published: January 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA field experiment was conducted to study the productivity of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) intercropped with green manure crops to diversify the cropping system. Linseed was grown solely (control) or and in combination with crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), red clover (Trifolium pretense L.), wild oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.), or white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) in early (March 4) and late (March 18) seeding in 2014. All seeds were drill sown with a row distance of 20 cm with mixed crops in alternating rows. The growth, yield, and yield components of linseed grown solely, with crimson clover, or with red clover did not differ from each other, except that the linseed plants grown with a leguminous plant had less tillers and fruiting branches in early seeding. The seed yield of linseed grown with wild oats or white mustard was smaller than that in other plots, because of the smaller number of capsules per unit area, smaller number of seeds per capsule, and lower average seed weight. Mixed cropping of linseed with crimson clover or red clover may be a promising system that enables both linseed production and organic matter and nitrogen supply into soil.View full abstractDownload PDF (912K)
Information
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...2016 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 83
Published: January 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (580K)
Symposium
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...2016 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 84-88
Published: January 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (831K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...2016 Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 89-94
Published: January 05, 2016
Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1438K)
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