低温工学
Online ISSN : 1880-0408
Print ISSN : 0389-2441
ISSN-L : 0389-2441
39 巻, 7 号
選択された号の論文の4件中1~4を表示しています
巻頭言
解説
  • 深道 和明, 藤田 麻哉
    2004 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 314-321
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The development of new high-performance refrigerants has been highly desired from the viewpoints of energy efficiency and environmental safety. Recently, we developed promising magnetic refrigerant compounds La(Fe1-xSix)13 (0.86≤x≤0.90), that show the first-order of itinerant-electron metamagnetic transition from the paramagnetic state to the ferromagnetic state in applied magnetic fields. By adjusting the hydrogen concentration in La(Fe1-xSix)13Hy, the Curie temperature TC and the working temperature for cooling are controlled covering room temperature. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the present compounds is excellent. It should also be emphasized that the elements of the present compounds are very cheap economically and completely harmless to humans.
研究論文
  • 藤本 修二, 平塚 善勝, 森下 弘之, 永石 竜起
    2004 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 322-327
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    A low-noise, pulse-tube cryocooler has been developed. It is suitable for cooling variable semiconductor or superconducting devices. The cryocooler's electro-magnetic noise and inclination characteristics are improved, and the cooling capacity is 4.9 W at 77 K with an input power of 800 W. The minimum temperature was less than 49 K. The cooling performance at 77 K was within 5% degradation for all orientations. The low-noise pulse-tube cryocooler was installed in a cryostat designed for a high-Tc SQUID sensor. The electro-magnetic noise was measured by the magnetometer-type SQUID sensor cooled in the cryostat. The noise level was influenced by the direction of the sensor. When the sensor was parallel to the cryocooler cylinder, the white noise was about 300 fT/√Hz and the cyclic noise produced by the cryocooler's magnetic material or mechanical vibration was not observed. When the sensor was vertical to the cylinder, the white noise was about 2 pT/√Hz and the cyclic noise was about 10 pT rms. A real-time magnetocardiography was successfully measured using a high-Tc SQUID magnetometer cooled by the pulse-tube cryocooler. The signal-to-noise ratio was better than the conventional cryocooling system.
  • 柁川 一弘, 林 敏広, 船木 和夫
    2004 年 39 巻 7 号 p. 328-333
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2008/03/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Analytical expressions of alternating current (AC) losses are derived in a superconducting wire with an infinite length and elliptic cross-section for limiting cases in which the amplitude of an external transverse magnetic field is much smaller or larger than the full penetration field. Since it is assumed that the superconducting wire is subject to Bean's critical state model, in which the critical current density is independent of the magnitude of the local magnetic field, the AC losses under consideration are completely hysteretic. The expressions obtained explicitly include the effects of the aspect ratio of the wire cross-section and the external-field angle with respect to the broadest face. An approximated curve of the AC loss, which becomes equal to the analytical results under the limiting conditions mentioned above, is also proposed for a wide range of external-field amplitudes. In order to validate the proposed curve, the AC losses in the elliptic wires are numerically calculated by means of the minimization of magnetic energy. It is concluded that the discrepancy between the approximated curves and the numerical results of the AC losses is less than 40%.
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