巻号一覧
32 巻 (1992 - 1993)
- 4 号 p. 217-
- 3 号 p. 153-
- 2 号 p. 69-
- 1 号 p. 3-
32 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1～8を表示しています
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一國 雅巳1992 年 32 巻 1 号 p. 3-7
発行日: 1992/04/25
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーThe mobility of elements during weathering was quantitatively estimated. The mobility, ranging from zero (immobile) to unity (mobile), is expressed as 1-(R/R0), where R and Ro are the concentration ratio of a given element to a reference element in the weathered rock and in the corresponding unweathered rock, respectively. Ideally the reference element should be strictly immobile under supergene conditions. As Ti meets this requirement, the calculation of the mobility was made by using Ti as the reference element. The mobility of elements as obtained from weathered quartz diorite is in the decreasing order: Ca, Na>K>Si, Mg>Al. Fe is also immobile like Al in the neutral environment. The variation in the mobility of selected elements was discussed in terms of p H. Under acid conditions, Fe was found to become mobile prior to Al. Thus the monitoring of Fe concentration in the ground water may be effective in detecting the beginning of soil degradation caused by acid rain. The relative composition of the ground water affected by acid rain can be predicted based on Eq.(1) and the mobility data.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (556K) -
福原 道一1992 年 32 巻 1 号 p. 8-15
発行日: 1992/04/25
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーThis paper describes influences of global environmental change on soils in agro-ecosystem. Easily changeable soil characteristics such as bulk density and moisture content are easily reversible. On the oter hand, soil characteristics such as texture and particle density which take a long time to change are hardly reversed; e. g. laterization and erosion. The influences of global warming on soil include intensification of soil water shortage and soil erosion, acceleration of decomposition of organic matter and soil degradation, submersion of coastal lowland. Development for agriculture in the future will cause severer soil degradation, because such lands are vulnerable to disturbance by human activities.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4671K) -
田中 耕平1992 年 32 巻 1 号 p. 16-22
発行日: 1992/04/25
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーThere are many kinds of slope hazards. Some of them are closely related with clay minerals. Earthquakeinduced landslides which occured with the rupture of weathered pyroclastic fall layer have a close conection with clay minerals. Ball type halloysite was detected from that rupture surface. Halloysite is the key mineral of these landslides.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (784K) -
水野 光一1992 年 32 巻 1 号 p. 23-27
発行日: 1992/04/25
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリー窒素酸化物, フロン, 酸化炭素など地球環境問題や地域環境問題に関わる対策にはこれらの物質を分解したり分離濃縮するための機能を持つた材料の開発が欠かせない. 本論では, このような環境問題の対策技術を概説した上で, 必要な機能性材料として無機結晶性物質を川いた報告例を紹介する.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (438K) -
松田 敏彦1992 年 32 巻 1 号 p. 28-35
発行日: 1992/04/25
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーThe outline and important role of clay minerals for the geologic disporsal of radioactive waste are shortly described. Cation exchange properties between some kinds of H-clays and cations (Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Co) have been performed in batch experiments. Mg, Ca and Co ions are strongly adsorbed by clays. Kd values for clay minerals are in order of montmorillonite≥rectorite>sericite≥kaolonite>chlorite≅halloysite. Levels of adsorption factors of cations for montmorillonite and rectorite are about 10-100 times compared with those for crystalline rocks and thier minerals. Montmorillonite changed to mica, chlorite, and some non-sheet silicate minerals through interstratified minerals under hydrothermal conditions. Three kinds of interstratified minerals, rectorite (Na, Ca, Sr, Ba), tosudite (Li, Mg, Ni, Co) and mica/smectite (random; K, Rb, Cs), are formed under the existence of cations in montmorillonite. The conversion temperature of interstratified minerals from montmorillonite is different in each sample. The Al-rich sample is more reactive and changes to interstratified mineral phases at lower temperature than Al-poor one.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (670K) -
鈴木 憲司, 堀尾 正和, 増田 浩之, 森 聰明1992 年 32 巻 1 号 p. 36-41
発行日: 1992/04/25
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーThe adsorption of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on swelling clays was studied in its aqueous solution. The amounts of PVA adsorbed on swelling clays were measured by thermogravimetric and elementary analyses. The d (001) spacings of swelling clay minerals adsorbing PVA and containing water were measured by means of X-ray diffraction method. The amounts of PVA adsorbed on sodium montmorillonite, aluminum montmorillonite and synthetic mica were 0.53, 0.12 and 0.080g-PVA/g-Clay, respectively. The d (001) spacings of their clay minerals adsorbed PVA were 20.9, 15.0 and 13.9A, respectively. Because d (001) spacings of their clay minerals increased in proportion to the amount of PVA adsorbed, it was concluded that PVA adsorbed existed in the interlayer region.
The d (001) spacings of sodium montmorillonite and aluminum montmorillonite containing 2ml-Water/g-19Å Clay of water were measured. The spacings were 64Å for the former and for the latter. On the other hand, synthetic mica containing water swelled hardly. A strong dependence was observed between the amount of adsorbed PVA and the d (001) spacings of clay minerals swollen by water. Therefore, it was concluded that the amount of PVA adsorbed on swelling clays depended on the degree of swelling.
The amount of PVA adsorbed on saponite was 0.77g-PVA/g-Clay, which was the largest amount among the clays used in this study. This may be rationalized by the formation of card-house structure.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (573K) -
宇野 泰章1992 年 32 巻 1 号 p. 42-52
発行日: 1992/04/25
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーA new model of dispersion staining objective for optical microscope has been developed to identify and estimate asbestos minerals in environments. This objective is mounted on polarizing microscope and used together with heating stage and head-on type microphotometer. Solid materials immersed in oils of suitable refractive indices appear characteristic color through the dispersion staining objective. Refractive indices, birefringence, and optical positive or negative of elongation of fibrous materials can be determined using this technique. The matching point of refractive indices between immersion oils and solid materials are decided precisely using the combined methods of dispersion staining, temperature variation and microphotometry. Sensitive dispersion color enable us to detect asbestos fibers smaller than 0.5μm in diameter and less than 0.1% in content. Amosite can be distinguished easily from crocidolite based on the difference of dispersion color for the light vibrating at parallel to and crossed to fiber axes, though these asbestos minerals are much alike in refractive indices. We can employ this method for the sensitive and rapid identification of asbestos in ambient air and industrial raw materials.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3134K) -
川地 武1992 年 32 巻 1 号 p. 53-61
発行日: 1992/04/25
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1906K)
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