This study was undertaken to validate the Car Driving Resumption Program （CDRP） effectiveness by investigating examination rates on the Extraordinary Aptitude Test （EAT） and the traffic accident rate per year. A questionnaire was sent by post to 78 patients with brain injury who took the CDRP at Niigata Rehabilitation Hospital consecutively during 2007–2011. Of the 44 patients who agreed to participate, 13 had stopped driving and were dropped from the study. Data of the remaining 31 subjects were used for analyses. The questionnaire items comprised questions about their driving situations: Q1, Do you currently drive a car?; Q2, Did you have the EAT at the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Center?; Q3, Why did you stop driving a car?; Q4, Did you have a car accident or incident after resuming driving?; and Q5, What is the situation with respect to car accidents or incidents? This study assessed responses to Q2 and Q4. Our results for Q2 were compared with those of our previous study （2007） using chi-squared tests. The EAT examination rate was significantly higher than that of 2007. The annual traffic accident rate was about 2.6%, exhibiting a low tendency compared to those reported from previous studies. Findings from this study show that the use of a brochure and manual might increase EAT examination rate. Furthermore, results suggest that car driving evaluation, training, guidance, and advice might decrease the annual traffic accident rate of patients with brain injury.

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We investigated hypoglycemic attacks occurring in diabetes patients while driving automobiles. We conducted a survey of 245 diabetes patients who drive automobiles. We discovered that there were frequent cases of hypoglycemia while driving among patients undergoing insulin treatment. However, the rate that a chief physician grasped the driving situation of the patient was a low. Have experienced a hypoglycemic attack while driving: The order of frequency was the patients who makes driving every day > the patients who does not make driving every day. Have experienced a hypoglycemic attack while driving: The order of frequency was the occupation drivers > the non-occupation drivers. Have had a traffic accident caused by hypoglycemia: The order of frequency was occupation drivers > the non-occupation drivers. It was also shown that there is still room for doctors to actively intervene with regards to calling for caution against hypoglycemia while driving and preventative measures.

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Sleep Apnea Syndrome （SAS） can influence a person’s ability to drive a vehicle. The risk that a patient suffering from SAS may cause an accident is significantly higher than that of a healthy subject. We investigated cases where the causal link between SAS and vehicle collisions was questioned and examined the criminal liability of drivers with SAS. We studied fifteen cases from 1998 to 2013. All the drivers were men, and two-thirds of them were professional drivers. Only two drivers were diagnosed with SAS before being involved in vehicle collisions and none of them had been treated. Twelve drivers （80%） pleaded not guilty or guilty with extenuating circumstances because they had SAS. Two of fourteen decisions were innocence. In recent years, the responsibility for the vehicle collision that happened for the disease of the vehicle driver is pursued strictly. It is often judged that duty to cancel driving when they felt sleepiness occurs, even if drivers oneself did not recognize to be SAS. Although the prevalence of SAS is high, there are few patients undergoing treatment. It is necessary to enlighten vehicle drivers, about the symptoms of an SAS patient, the risk of vehicle collisions being high, and the fact that the condition is easily curable. Furthermore, professional vehicle drivers are expected to undergo thorough screening tests.

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