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Volume 53 (2003)
- Issue 5 Pages 531-
- Issue 3 Pages 171-
- Issue 2 Pages 83-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 53, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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SPECIAL ARTICLE
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Koji WATANABE, Chiharu SUZUKI2003 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 83-90
Published: April 30, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince the establishment of the school system (Gakusei) in 1872, European and American cultures and educational methods have been positively introduced in Japan. The hygienic or health education at schools was promoted under the leadership of and in cooperation with the government, according to the policies of the Meiji Imperial Restoration, and widely spread by medical doctors and educational administrators from the middle of the Meiji era through the Taisho era. However, dental health education in schools was behind the times partly because the people were late to recognize that dental health should be administratively included in school health education and should be a critical subject of education. It can be generally said that school dental health education was actively promoted by the Association of Dentists and private enterprises, and then infiltrated into the educational world. In other words, the dental health education started outside of schools at the beginning of the Taisho era and gradually became a permanent fixture at schools. As the Showa era started, teachers and school staff came to address it on a regular basis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1260K)
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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Akihiro YOSHIHARA, Kouichi FUKAI, Yuko MOROZUMI, Toshinobu HIROTOMI, H ...2003 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 91-97
Published: April 30, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe use of dental floss is important in preventing gingivitis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a gingivitis prevention programme promoting the use of dental floss. The subjects consisted of 86 10-year-old children. Among the subjects, 39 children were assigned to the educational group. They were instructed by dental hygienists to use dental floss for their anterior teeth. Forty-seven students who did not receive instruction were used as controls. During the study period, the students in the educational group used dental floss after lunch everyday under the guidance of school teachers. For the assessment of gingival status, measurements were carried out by a dentist using the modified papilla bleeding index and the plaque index for the anterior 10 papillae. During a six-month period, the change in number of bleeding sites in the educational and the control group was -1.64±2.49 and -0.45±2.68, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.037, t-test). During an 18-month period, the number of bleeding sites per person in the educational group decreased significantly from 4.67±3.01 at baseline to 2.35±2.47 (p<0.001, t-test). In addition, fundamental knowledge about gingivitis, "causes of gingivitis" and "aims in use of dental floss", in the educational group was compared between baseline and after 18 months. The percent of children who answered the questions about causes and goals appropriately increased significantly from 2.6% and 20.5% at baseline to 53.8% and 79.5% after 18 months, respectively. There was a significant difference in knowledge about gingivitis between baseline and after 18 months (p<0.001, p<0.001, chi-square test). These results show that a gingivitis prevention programme recommending the use of dental floss contributes to the prevention of gingivitis in school children.View full abstractDownload PDF (704K) -
Koichi YOSHINO, Takashi MATSUKUBO, Yoshinori TAKAESU2003 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 98-102
Published: April 30, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of tooth loss. The purpose of this study was to investigate a dose-response effect for cigarette smoking and tooth loss. The participants in this survey were 737 males (aged 25 to 54) working as bank employees. The investigation continued for 4 years from 1997 and all subjects had 28 teeth (without third molars) in 1997. Smokers were classified into 3 groups : nonsmokers, ≦10 cigarettes/day and ≧20 cigarettes/day. For certain analyses, subjects were grouped into age categories of 25-34, 35-44 and 45-54 years. Among those aged 25-34, the results of mean tooth loss analysis showed 0.09 for the nonsmoker group, 0.07 for the ≦l0 cigarettes/day smoker group and 0.26 for the ≧20 cigarettes/day group with statistical significance (p<0.05). Smokers in the ≧20 cigarettes/day group showed an increased risk of tooth loss of 1.42 (95% CI : 0.99 to 2.04) times compared to nonsmokers, among subjects aged 25-34 years. These results indicate that there was no clear dose-response effect with cigarette smoking, but the risk of tooth loss tended to increase with the number of cigarettes.View full abstractDownload PDF (610K) -
Shigeru OHBA, Toshio IMAI2003 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 103-110
Published: April 30, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHydroxyapatite sol (HAm), which is composed of hydroxyapatite microparticles without heating, has recently been developed as a new biomaterial. We have previously observed that HAm inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells in the absence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in alpha-MEM culture medium, but not in the presence of FBS. In this experiment, we investigated the effects of serum albumin on biocompatibility of HAm using alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. HAm was pretreated with serum albumin in FBS-free medium at 37℃, and then it was washed with HEPES-buffered saline. The level of albumin, which was associated with HAm, increased according to increment of incubation time or albumin dose. The maximum level of albumin associated with HAm was approximately 47.6μg per mg HAm. The released level of albumin associated with HAm in the medium was less than 5% of the total albumin associated with HAm. HAm inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity of the cells, but the HAm-associated with albumin did not inhibit the enzyme activity at all. These results suggest that serum albumin may induce biocompatibility of HAm for osteoblastic cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (1105K) -
Michio UEMATSU, Miyuki FURUYA, Shizuho USUI, Kazuaki KAWAMURA, Emiko N ...2003 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 111-120
Published: April 30, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS"Kenkou Nippon 21" was proposed by the Ministry of Welfare and Health in 2000, and as one of the targets of dental health improvement, it stated that the rate of fluoride dentifrice use in school age children should be raised above 90% by the year 2010. In order to promote the proper use of fluoride dentifrice in Japan, a questionnaire survey on the toothbrushing habits and the use of fluoride dentifrice was conducted in kindergarten children and their guardians, primary school children and their guardians, and junior high school students. The rate of fluoride dentifrice use was 63.6% for primary school children and 55.2% for junior high school students, both of them much lower than the target figure (more than 90%) of Kenkou Nippon 21. There was also a small percentage of fluoride dentifrice users who selected it for its fluoride property. On the other hand, there was comparatively large percentage of fluoride dentifrice users who rinsed their mouths more than four times after brushing. We concluded that the health education on the proper use of fluoride dentifrice to improve its effectiveness is necessary.View full abstractDownload PDF (1268K) -
Satoshi ABE, Motoko ARIAKE, Kayoko SHINADA, Yoko KAWAGUCHI2003 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 121-129
Published: April 30, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to investigate the use of fluoride toothpaste in the Tokyo metropolitan population. In 2000, a questionnaire survey was conducted in Tokyo. The total sample was 4,329 participants : 161 preschool children, 1,388 primary school children, 636 junior high school students and 2,144 adults (parents of the children). The following results were obtained. Over 96% of the total samples reported a habit of daily tooth brushing with an average of 2 times brushing per day. For preschool and primary school children, about 15% never used toothpaste when they brushed their teeth. The rates of regular use of fluoride toothpaste were 48.1% (preschool), 48.8% (primary school), 63.7% (junior high school) and 65.5% (adults). When irregular users were included, the figures increased to 83.5% (preschool), 76.0% (primary school), 76.2% (junior high school) and 77.0% (adults). If the parents were fluoride toothpaste users, the rate of fluoride toothpaste use by their children was 98.3%. If parents did not use fluoride toothpaste, the rate of use by their children decreased to 52.3%. "Prevention of dental caries" and "prevention of periodontal disease" were the reasons given for use of toothpaste. The reasons why others did not use toothpaste were : "unpleasant taste", "do not like the bubble affect", "child cannot rinse as yet", "bothersome", "advice from a dentist" for children, and "fear of tooth abrasion", "harmful", "do not know effectiveness", "advice from a dentist" for adults. These results suggest that the children's toothbrushing practices were strongly influenced by their parents' toothbrushing behavior, and that some dentists did not recommend using toothpaste for brushing the teeth. We concluded that accurate and adequate information targeted to both the general population and dental professionals are necessary to promote the appropriate use of fluoride toothpaste for prevention of dental caries.View full abstractDownload PDF (960K) -
Kenji HIURA, Akihiro YOSHIHARA, Hideo MIYAZAKI2003 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 130-136
Published: April 30, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiographically-detected marginal and apical periodontal conditions in elderly people. The subjects were 100 (57 males, 43 females) people at least 70 years old who underwent oral examinations in Niigata City in 1998 (baseline examination), 1999 and 2000. The following parameters calculated on panoramic radiograph were studied for alveolar bone loss and apical periodontal conditions (the existence of periapical lesions, and root canal fillings). We compared subjects by number of teeth and Eichner index (following EI). Third molars were excluded from all analyses. In the baseline study, the rate of nonvital teeth was 36.9%, and the rate of periapical lesions was 35.6%. The mean alveolar bone loss was 30.1% (SD=12.1) in 1998 (baseline examination) and 31.3% (SD=12.2) in 2000. This increase was significant (p<0.05). The mean alveolar bone loss compared by number of teeth was 36.4% in those with 1-9 present teeth, 34.0% for 10-19 present teeth, 27.5% for 20 or more present teeth. The number of teeth lost in 2 years was 50, 7 vital teeth and 43 nonvital. The results of tooth-level multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of 50% or more alveolar bone loss was high in anterior teeth, molars, males, and 20 or more present teeth. Tooth-level multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of tooth loss was high in nonvital teeth, teeth with periapical lesions, 50% or more alveolar bone loss, and teeth with clasps. These findings suggest that elderly people with 20 or more present teeth have a low risk of alveolar bone loss and tooth loss. They further suggested that preservation of the pulp was associated with decline of the risk factors for tooth loss.View full abstractDownload PDF (802K) -
Saburo HIDAKA, Tadayuki MATSUO, Kozo OUCHI2003 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 137-144
Published: April 30, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComparing the pH drop method using a pH meter for human salivary ability against the formation of calcium phosphate precipitates, we studied a convenient method using a pH indicator, bromothymol blue (BTB). The addition of 250μM NaF widened the range of color change of BTB. As the pH was changed, BTB's color changed from blue to blue-green, yellow-green and yellow. The addition of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% (v/v) of whole saliva in the reaction mixture containing 250μM NaF showed yellow, blue green and blue, respectively, after incubation at 37℃ for 40 min. This indicated that the grade of inhibition with whole saliva of the formation of calcium phosphate precipitates was semi-quantitatively assessed by the BTB colorization. In practice, the evaluation of inhibitory ability against the formation of calcium phosphate precipitates using 10 individuals' whole saliva was carried out. The correlation coefficient (r) between the induction time (from pH drop method) and the pH value (from BTB method using the color standard) was higher (0.79〜0.86). The result strongly suggests that the inhibitory capability of human whole saliva on oral calcification (re-mineralization and calculus formation) may be easily evaluated by the method using BTB.View full abstractDownload PDF (894K)
REPORT
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Takashi KANEHIRA, Okahito HONDA, Satoshi KAWAKAMI, Ken-ichi AKINO, Sei ...2003 Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 145-149
Published: April 30, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMt. Usu in Japan erupted on March 31, 2000, and more than 5,000 people living near the volcano were safely evacuated to shelters. Although some private hospitals promptly set up clinics in the larger shelters, no dental services were initially made available for the residents of the shelters. The Hokkaido Government therefore requested that teams of dentists and dental assistants be organized by the dental schools of two universities in Hokkaido and the Hokkaido Dental Association for dispatch to the shelters. Most of the cases involved first-aid treatment (including alleviation of toothache, denture adjustment, temporary filling of decayed teeth, and cementation of detached metal restoration) or dental health consultation (including dental checkup, oral hygiene instruction and advice for dental anxiety). There is therefore a necessity to include dental services in items of health care as part of a crisis management system for evacuees in the event of a natural disaster.View full abstractDownload PDF (595K)
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