After the opening of a port to foreign trade in 1859, the number of Westerners migrating into the foreign settlement of Yokohama increased rapidly, and reached to about 1200. In order to fulfill the expectations of consumers for milk and beef, dairy farms and cattle slaughterhouses were established. Prussian brothers, Henry and Edward Schnell, who had migrated from Indonesia to Yokohama in about 1860, established a dairy farm at the center of the foreign settlement in 1861～1863. Tomekiti Maeda worked on the Schnell's farm as an employee and acquired milking techniques at free moments during his 3 years on the farm. Maeda then established the first dairy farm outside of the foreign settlement, but he did not achieve success. However, he was invited to Tokyo as an instructor of milking techniques by a governmental organization, and was able to establish a group of capable dairy farmers. The origin of ice cream making in Japan can be traced to the entertainment with ice cream for a Japanese mission to Washington D.C, via an interpreter Matuzou Desima. In 1869 the first marketing of ice cream began in Yokohama by Husazou Machida who had taken instruction from Desima in 1868. The hygienic fact that milk and cream are raw products in every respect was an important lesson.

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This paper discusses the historical circumstances the dairy industry in Taiwan　and its context in the foundation of today's modern Taiwan． Traditionally Taiwan's aboriginal people had bred buffalo and yellow cattle as draft animals． Many difficult problems around breeding, such as the rinderpest and superstition, have been resolved． The development of a milk drinking custom depended on a revolutionary and successful breeding program for dairy cattle that adapted to the local climate． The target for the breeding program, therefore, became dairy cattle from bovine draft animals． The sale of milk started in 1895 and the regulative rules for milk were issued at the same time． The cattle breeding program was supported and reinforced by the concept of public health and by the improvement in feed management technology． Milk consumption increased gradually with the spread of knowledge and awareness of the nutritional value of milk and an understanding of milk hygiene． As a result，the drinking of milk became an established custom in Taiwan．

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The Authors investigated the history of school lunch and school milk programs in South Korea, and divided into five periods, which are 1） ‘Foreign aid term,1953-1972, 2） ‘Grope term, 1973-1980, 3） ‘Establishment term,1981-1988, 4） ‘Expansion term,1989-1995, 5） ‘Enrichment term,1996- present. The school milk program started for the purpose of the children's nutritional improvement by powdered milk which was a foreign aid material. After the foreign aid was ended, the school milk program by fresh milk was gradually developed with the purpose of pomoting dairy farming as well as the original purpose using by government subsides. While school lunch implementation rate reaches to 99.9% or 7,180,000 students a day is being provided at present, the school milk implementation rate is still only 51.8%. As its background, the institutions of the school lunch program and the school milk program are administered separately, and there are not enough special divisions in charge of the school milk program. Also as another reasons, milk allergy and feeling of milk avoidance can be considered.

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