Journal of Epidemiology
Online ISSN : 1349-9092
Print ISSN : 0917-5040
ISSN-L : 0917-5040
11 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1~7を表示しています
  • Tuohong Zhang, Hiroshi Yanagawa, Yosikazu Nakamura
    2001 年 11 巻 3 号 p. 103-108
    発行日: 2001年
    公開日: 2007/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Kawasaki disease in China was described for the first time in 1976 in Taiwan, and in 1978 in mainland, respectively. Questionnaire surveys had been conducted in both of the area of China and showed that the Kawasaki disease patients increased year by year. No data on incidence rates were available for these surveys because the problem of representativeness. However, it showed that there were many similar characteristics of Kawasaki disease in China comparing with those in Japan. Although a series of infectious agents were suspected, the etiology of Kawasaki disease remained unclear. High dose of gamma globulin treatment was also adopted commonly in China. J Epidemiol, 2001 ; 11 : 103-108
  • Keitaro Matsuo, Nobuyuki Hamajima, Masayuki Shinoda, Shunzo Hatooka, M ...
    2001 年 11 巻 3 号 p. 109-114
    発行日: 2001年
    公開日: 2007/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme found in lysosomes of phagocytes, causes hydrox radicals linked to DNA damage and activation of smoking related carcinogens. A -463 G/A polymorphism in the promoter region of the MPO gene results in reduced gene expression, which would imply lower susceptibility of esophageal cancer in mutant carriers. We conducted casecontrol study to test this hypothesis. Cases were 91 patients with esophageal cancer and controls were 241 non-cancer outpatients. MPO genotypes were examined by PCR-RFLP. The allele frequency for MPO -463A was found to be 8.2% for cases and 10.5% for controls. The age, sex, smoking and drinking status adjusted odds ratio for all subjects for MPO -463 GG/GA as compared to the AA was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.28-1.32). The adjusted odds ratio for the GG/GA genotype was significantly low (0.15; 0.03-0.76, P=0.022) for those aged 61 years or older who had a significantly higher odds ratio for smoking than younger subjects. No difference was observed in disease risk when prevalent and incident cases were compared. Although there are limitations for interpretation of this study because of prevalent case-control study and partial statistical significance, these results suggest that MPO -463 A allele reduce the risk of esophageal cancer. J Epidemiol, 2001 ; 11 : 109-114
  • Takuji Kishimoto, Akihiko Suyama, Atsusi Igarashi, Yoneatsu Osaki, Mik ...
    2001 年 11 巻 3 号 p. 115-119
    発行日: 2001年
    公開日: 2007/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Many recent case-control studies have suggested a significant relationship between M235T (the substitution of threonine for methionine at position 235 codon) polymorphism of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene and hypertension. To investigate whether the M235T polymorphism of AGT gene affects the incidence of hypertension, a retrospective cohort study was performed among Japanese workers. The subjects were Japanese workers at an occupational site in Shimane Prefecture in Japan. The baseline data were set at the received regular health examination in 1992, and a retrospective cohort study was performed for analyzing the incidence of hypertension in 1998. The rates of M235M (MM), M235T (MT) and T235T (TT) genotypes were 4%, 32% and 64%, respectively. The relative risks of MT and TT against MM for the incidence of hypertension by single variance analysis were 1.47 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50 - 4.33] and 1.35 (95% CI 0.47 - 3.90), respectively. The relative risks of MT and TT against MM for the incidence of hypertension, adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, fasting glucose and cigarette smoking, drinking and exercise in 1992, were 1.49 (95% Cl 0.49 - 4.53) and 1.25 (95% Cl 0.42 - 3.74), respectively. The data from this study suggest that the M235T polymorphism of AGT gene has a weak role in the manifestation of hypertension. Further comprehensive studies are needed to resolve this issue. J Epidemiol, 2001 ; 11 : 115-119
  • Nobuyuki Hamajima, Nobuyuki Katsuda, Keitaro Matsuo, Toshiko Saito, Lu ...
    2001 年 11 巻 3 号 p. 120-125
    発行日: 2001年
    公開日: 2007/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Masahiko Ando4, Manami Inoue 1, Toshiro Takezaki 1, and Kazuo Tajima1 Recent studies suggest that smoking habit may relate to genetic traits. This study examines the association with a polymorphism (C-31T) of interleukin 1B (IL-1B), which encodes IL-1 /β, a multifunctional pro-inflammatory cytokine. Since the T allele makes a TATA box, the allele is thought to be responsible for a higher potency of IL-1B expression, indicating that individuals harboring the T allele are prone to inflammation. The study subjects were two different populations; 241 non-cancer outpatients (118 males and 123 females) at a cancer hospital and 462 examinees (127 males and 335 females) of a health checkup program provided by a local government. Current smokers were 36.4% for the male outpatients, 9.8% for the female outpatients, 38.6% for the male examinees, and 5.6% for the female examinees. The sex-ageadjusted odds ratios of current smokers were calculated for the genotypes with the T allele relative to the CC genotype by an unconditional logistic model. The estimate was 0.45 (95% confidence interval, 0.21-0.97) for the outpatients, and 0.83 (0.42-1.61) for the examinees. Although not significant for the examinees, the observed associations suggest that this polymorphism may influence smoking behavior through an inflammatory response of the respiratory tract to cigarette smoke. J Epidemiol, 2001 ; 11 : 120-125
  • Sangeeta Baral Basnet, Narayan Bahadur Basnet, Masataro Hiruma
    2001 年 11 巻 3 号 p. 126-130
    発行日: 2001年
    公開日: 2007/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    From among 428 Nepalese schoolchildren hair samples of 102 children with clinical features of tinea capitis, obtained by the sterile hairbrush method, were examined by mycological techniques.
    Age varied between 4-16 years. Itching was experienced by 96.1 % sample subjects and hair loss by 32.4%. Of the 102, 11 (10.8%) were positive for Trichophyton violaceum (TV), 6 being from urban areas, the rest from rural areas. Amongst the 11 patients, 7 (63.6%) were girls and rest boys. Statistical associations were observed between the place of haircut and isolation of the organism (X2 = 15.2, p <0.01). Statistical association was also present between frequency of bathing and isolation of organism. Sharing of combs was associated with the culture-positive subjects. The prevalence of tinea capitis in the urban and rural children was 2.3% and 3.0%, respectively.
    The only isolated organism was TV. An association of the isolation of TV was found with risk factors such as family members, sharing of combs, frequency of bathing with the organism. Hair loss was more common in the urban children. Discouragement of sharing combs, increased frequency of hair washing, and use of uncontaminated hair cutting instruments are recommended. J Epidemiol, 2001 ; 11 : 126-130
  • Anisul Haque Chowdhury, Tetsuji Yokoyama, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Mohammad M ...
    2001 年 11 巻 3 号 p. 131-138
    発行日: 2001年
    公開日: 2007/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The association between apolipoprotein E (apoE) genetic polymorphism and stroke has not been concordant in different racial populations. We investigated the association between apoE genotypes and stroke subtypes by a case-control study in Bangladesh for the first time among south Asian countries.
    First-ever-stroke patients (n=227; cerebral infarction, n=147, cerebral hemorrhage, n=80) and 190 controls were recruited from a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The diagnosis of stroke was based on CT and clinical findings. Cerebral infarction was classified anatomically into cortical and penetrating region. Infarction in the cortical region was further categorized etiologically into thrombosis and embolism. Cerebral hemorrhage was considered as a whole in all analyses. ApoE genotypes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism.
    In the multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders both the ε 3/ε 4 genotype and ε4 carrier conferred an approximately 3-fold increased risk for cerebral thrombosis in the cortical artery region (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 10.4 and OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 9.0, respectively) compared with ε 3/ε 3 genotype. However, when the analysis was restricted to the elderly (>60 years), ε 2 carrier was associated with a risk of hemorrhagic stroke (OR 19.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 295.2).
    Our study suggested that both apoEε 3/ε 4 genotype andε 4 carriers were risk factors for cerebral thrombosis in cortical artery region, whereas ε 2 carrier was a risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke in the elderly. J Epidemiol, 2001 ; 11 : 131-138
  • Shinya Hayasaka, Masanobu Okayama, Shizukiyo Ishikawa, Yosikazu Nakamu ...
    2001 年 11 巻 3 号 p. 139-142
    発行日: 2001年
    公開日: 2007/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Objectives: To reveal what kinds of accidents happen associated with bathing in home care services for the aged in Japan.
    Methods: The study was cross-sectional in design. In November 1999, a postal questionnaire survey was conducted of 828 councils selected from the list of the National Council of Social Welfare of Japan by a systematic sampling method (extraction rate was 25%). The main outcome measures were characteristics of cases of accidents associated with bathing service for the aged, including patient age, sex, time of occurrence, symptoms, and results of accidents.
    Results: Replies were received from 683 (82%) councils. Of the councils that replied, 430 (63%) reported providing bathing service for the aged. Of these 430 councils, 108 (25%) have experienced accidents, and 130 cases were analyzed. Affected patients had a mean age of 80.7 years (SD: 9.0 years), and 71 were females (55%). Sixty-two (48%) had symptoms of a disease or had accidents after bathing, and 42 (32%) presented with loss of consciousness. In results of accidents, 14 (11 %) were reported to have died.
    Conclusion: This study revealed that there were not a few accidents associated with bathing in home care services for the aged in Japan, the most frequent symptom was loss of consciousness, most accidents occurred after bathing, and that some patients died as a result of bathing provided by home care services. J Epidemiol, 2001 ; 11 : 139-142
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